Iindawo ezifunekayo mazigcinwe phantsi kwe-mulch ephilayo okanye ngokungahlambulukanga, ihlambulule kummandla wokhula kumgama wemizi enye ukusuka kumgca womqolo (trunk). Indawo eseleyo phakathi kwamanzi ingasetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezityalo zemifuno, iizambane okanye imifuno yomhlaba de ukuqala kokuvelisa imithi emihle. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, indawo yokukhusela (umgca we-barbel) kwi-periphery yesithsaba iqulethwe kwimeko yokhula lokhula.
Ngomnyaka wokuqala, akukho floration ezongezelelweyo zezityalo ezifunekayo. Ukuba umthi ngexesha lehlobo alizange lidibanise amaqabunga, kodwa isaphila (njengokuba kaninzi kwenzeka kunye namapheya), kufuneka ligcinwe kwaye lusize ebusika. Unyaka ozayo uza kubona ukuba isityalo siphula ngokuqhelekileyo.
Ngaphambi kokuba umhlaba ukhululeke, imithi yezithelo ziboshwe okanye ziphathwe nge-emulsion ekhethekileyo. I-harness isebenza ngokuqinisekileyo ikhusela iinqununu ekutshweni kwelanga. Kwinqanaba elincinane, izinto zokugqoka zifafazwe ngumhlaba ukuze iingcongolo zingenako ukungena ngaphakathi. Kwiindawo apho iindawo zihamba khona, umthi unamathele ngokupheleleyo okanye ngowesiqhelo kuphela, kwaye isithsaba siphathwa nge-emulsion. Musa ukulahla iibheji ezinetyhefu kwintsimi, oku kukhokelela ekufeni kweentaka kunye nezilwanyana ezininzi eziluncedo.
Ukulima umhlaba
Njengoko sele kuphawuliwe, umhlaba kwimigca phakathi kwemigca kunye nomgca ngaphambi kokuqala kokuvelisa kakuhle (ukuya kwiminyaka emi-5-7) iqulethwe kwindawo ehlambulukileyo kunye nococekileyo yokhula, kwaye isityalo esisisiseko sonyaka wokuqala we-3-4 sigcinwa phantsi kwe-mulch. Ngaphantsi kweengcingo zikhulula nge-radially ukuya kwiiyure ezilisibhozo ukuya kweyesentimitha, imida yesithsaba ishumi elinesibhozo ukuya kumashumi amabini anesentimitha. Ukugcina i-barley kufuphi-phantsi phantsi kwe-mulch ye-organic does not follow, njengoko ivuselela ukuphuhliswa kwendawo yeengcambu. Kwixesha elizayo, yonke indawo phantsi kwesiqhamo sityalo singasuswa, oko kukuthi, ityala umxube weengcambu ezingapheliyo, ezibandakanya i-clover kunye nengca yengca. Kuvela kwintyatyambo yeengqolowa, izityalo ezingenasiphelo zinconywa: i-bluegrass, i-meadow utshani, i-fescue, idlelo le-ryegrass, i-burbot, i-timothy utshani kunye ne-wheatgrass engenaziqhamo. Umxube ungabandakanya iintlobo ezi-5-6 zezityalo. Umxube wegesi ufanelekile kule njongo. Ngexesha lehlobo, i-herbage kude kube nokukhula ukuya ku-12-15 cm ichithwa ngendlela echanekileyo, kwaye ubunzima buhlala kwindawo, oko kukuthi, i-lit-sod-humus litter yenziwe. I-Sod-humus inkqubo yomxholo womhlaba engadini ayivimbeli imithi yezithelo ngexesha lokunisela, ikhuthaza umbala ogciniweyo kunye nokugcinwa kweziqhamo ngexesha lokugcinwa, kuphucula iimpawu zabo, kukhulisa ukunganyangeki kweziqhamo kwizifo.
Umquba womanyolo
Iintlobo zeziqhamo zibonakaliswe ngenkcitho yezoqoqosho izondlo, ezifumaneka emhlabeni. Ukuba ukutyala kwemithi kwenziwa ngokuhambelana neengcebiso, izichumiso ezongezelelweyo azibandakanyi kwizityalo ezimbini zokuqala ezilungileyo (ukufikelela kwiminyaka emi-5-7). Isicelo sokwanda kwesichumiso singasuka ukuba ukukhula konyaka kwamasebe angundoqo kunye namacandelo angundoqo kusetyenziswa ngaphantsi kwe-40-50 cm. Kwiimeko ezinje, izityalo ngexesha lokukhula kwentambo kufuneka zondliwe ngamaconerative (15-20 g) okanye izichumiso ezinomgangatho ophezulu we-nitrogen (isiqingatha ibhakethi yenkukhu yenkukhu ehlanjululwe 8-10 isahlukaniso, imitha nganye yesigxina). Iifomfti zifakwe emithonjeni okanye emanzini, emva koko zanisela kwaye zikhulule umhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, i-nitrogen fertilizer ayifanele ithathwe ngokungenanto. Ngokuqinisekileyo, baya kuqinisekisa ukukhula kakuhle kwamahlumela, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo baya kuncitshisa ubunzima bebusika. Kule meko, onke amahlumela angaphezu kwama-70 cm athatyathwa ukwenzela ukuba isithsaba singagqithanga, oko kukuthi, uyeka ukukhula okungapheliyo kokukhula.
Ukusuka kumhlaba weemithi zeziqhamo zihlukaniswe iziqhamo zokutya - iziqhamo kunye namagatsha anqunywe ngamancinci, ukuba azingatshiswa endaweni kwaye akukho mthunzi. Iindleko kwi-1 ithoni yeziqhamo ngu-3.0-7.0 kg, i-phosphorus - 1.6-3.0 kg, i-potassium-4.0-7.5 kg. Ngokuxhomekeka kwisivuno, izondlo zisuswe, ion yinqanaba lokuzalisa umhlaba kunye ne-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, ngokuqwalasela umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kwazo. Ukuba izichumisi zendalo zifakelwa, kuyafuneka kwakhona ukuba ziqwalasele umxholo we-nitrogen, i-potassium ye-phosphorus kwi-organic fertilizers. Inani labaphandi liye laphawula ukusebenza okuphantsi kwezichumisi ze-mineral ngaphandle kokunkcenkceshela.
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza izichumiso. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yemimandla, indlela ephezulu yokuchumisa, ingcambu kunye nezichumisi ezinamafutha aphakanyisiwe.
Ngeendlela eziphambili, i-organic and mineral fertilizers, i-ash ash yemifino, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Kuzo zonke indawo zemiyezo, kuyinqweneleka ukudibanisa ukuchumisa kunye nokulima kwenhlabathi, okubonelela ngokugxininiswa kweengcambu zomhlaba, kwandisa ukunyanzelisa kwezityalo kwiimeko ezimbi. Ngaloo wesithandathu-wesibhozo kunyaka ohlangothini lomqolo ukusuka kwiphonkco yesithsaba, ngaphandle kwamanzi, umsele unxweme ukuya kubanzi nobubanzi obungama-40-60 cm. Uluhlu oluphezulu lomhlaba lugcinwa ngokwahlukileyo ukusuka kumacandelwana aphantsi. Iifomitriyiti zePotassium zenza i-20-25 grams, kunye ne-phosphorus umquba-10-15 amagremu kumitha nganye. Ukuba i-ash isetyenziswe, i-potassium isichumisi sincitshiswa ngesiqingatha okanye ngokupheleleyo.
Umlinganiselo wonyaka olinganisiweyo we-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer kuwo wonke ummandla wokondla umthi wezityalo uthe wenyuka kathathu kwaye wathululela kumgca ophezulu ogcotyiweyo owenziwe kumsele. Nazi izichumisi ezicwangcisiweyo zongezwa kwizinga le-5-89 kg nganye ngemitha yesigcawu kunye nezinto ezixhasayo (i-lime, i-gypsum, ml, njl njl.) Kwizinto ezininzi ezingenasidingo. Iimitrojeni ze-nitrojeni zisetyenziswe kwisantya se-20 g nganye ngemitha yemitha. Zonke izichumisi zixutywe ngokupheleleyo kunye nomhlaba kwaye zilahlwe emsele, umxube emxineni uncinci. Ingagcwalanga inxalenye yomsele uhlanganiswe nemigangatho yomhlaba. Oku kwenziwa emva kokuvuna. Emva kweminyaka emibini okanye emithathu, elinye icala lemihlaba liphathwa ngendlela efanayo. Ukugqoka okunjalo kunika ukutya okuqhelekileyo kwezityalo iminyaka emi-5-6. Ekupheleni kweli xesha, ukuqhutshwa okufanayo kufakwe kwenye indawo. Ngoko ngokuthe ngqo kukho ukulima okunzulu komhlaba phantsi kwemithi yeziqhamo, ukutya okuqhelekileyo kwezityalo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezichumisi.
Amafomati angenziwa kunye noncedo lwe-hydrodrill (kwifom ye-liquide), kunye nakumaqula awenziwe nge-crowbar okanye kwiintonga ezizodwa (kwi-viscous eyomileyo okanye ebonakalayo). I-nitrogen fertilizer isetyenziswe rhoqo ngonyaka ukuya kwi-15-20 cm ephantsi. Ehlabathini enesihlabathi, kungcono ukuwazisa i-fractional: 1/3 yemimiselo eqingqiweyo - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo emva kokuphuma kwekhephu, 1-3 - kwisigaba sokukhula okukhulayo kwezihlumelo kunye ne-1/3 - emva kokuvuna. Kwiindawo ezinomhlabathi ocebileyo ohambelanayo, isiqingatha somgangatho wokubalwa kweefomatiza se-nitrogen senziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, esinye isiqingatha emva kokuvuna. Ngonyaka we-phosphorus-potassium yesicelo somquba kunye nomgquba, umgangatho opheleleyo we-nitrogen fertilizer uyongezwa kubo emva kokuvuna. Esikhundleni se-nitrogen, i-grout ingafakwa kwifom ekhuni kunye neyomeleleyo yenkukhu kunye ne-mullein.
Emva kokususwa kwesityalo, kuyincedo ukuyiphatha ngesisombululo se-urea esingu-5-7%. Ukonyango okunjalo kuphucula ukondla kwe-nitrogen isondlo kwezityalo kunye nokunciphisa ukubulawa kwabo.
Ukusetyenziswa okungenasiphelo kwezichumisi.
Vamurozhaya!