Kukho iintlobo ezilikhulu zeentlobo ze-genus Fuchsia (Fuchsia L.) yentsapho yaseCypinidae. Ezi zityalo zixhaphake kwiCentral naseMzantsi Melika, ziyafumaneka kwezinye iindawo kwiziqithi zaseTahiti naseNew Zealand. Esi sityalo saqanjwa ngegama le-Botanist Fuchs.
I-fuchsia enemibala ekhethiweyo isityalo esithandwayo esilinywa njengesihlahla se-ampel okanye njengesihlahla somthi. I-Fuchsia yinto engathobekiyo. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ifuna ukupholisa ubusika kwaye, emva kokusila, ifaka amaqabunga ayo.
Imigaqo yokunyamekelwa kwesityalo
Ukukhanyisa. Izityalo zangaphandle ze-fuchsia zinyamezela ukukhanya okukhanyayo, kunye nelanga elisebusuku nangentsasa. Isityalo singafakwa kufuphi neefestile zasempuma nasempuma. Ukuba itholakala kwiifestile zengxowankulu yezantsi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuba kudibanise ilanga elikhanyayo. Xa kufakwe kwicala elingasenyakatho, isityalo solule ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye sineentsholongwane ngaphantsi. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba i-fuchsia yeentyantyambo ayikwazi ukufudlulelwa kwenye indawo kwaye ijikeleze, ukwenzela ukuphepha ukuwa kwembali kunye neentyatyambo. Xa ufaka isityalo se-fuchsia ngaphandle kwehlobo, kubalulekile ukuba ufunde ngokukhawuleza ukukhanya okutsha ukuze kungabikho ukushisa kwelanga.
Ulawulo lokushisa. Ngexesha lokukhula okusebenzayo, ukushisa kwesityalo kufuneka kube malunga ne-18-25 ° C. I-Fuchsia ivakalelwa kakhulu emoyeni omtsha, kodwa kufuneka ikhuselwe kwimisebe eqondileyo kunye noyilo. Ebusika, indawo ye-fuchsia ifanele ibe yinto epholileyo kwaye ipholile, ngeqondo lokushisa elingu-10-10 ° C. I-Fuchsia ibekezelela ubusika kunye neqondo lokushisa, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo likwazi ukulahlekelwa phantse onke amahlamvu, kwaye amahlumela aya kwandula kakhulu. Isityalo asikhuthazeli ukunyuka kwemoya, kodwa xa kuqhutyelwa igumbi kuyimfuneko ukukhusela kwimida.
Ukunisela. Ngexesha lokusukela entwasahlobo ukuya ku-Oktobha, ukuthambisa okuninzi kweso sityalo kunikwa ngamanzi afudumele. Umhlaba kufuneka uhlale unomsoco. Kwixesha elininzi lweentyantyambo zezimbali, ekupheleni kwexesha lokutshiza, ukunciphisa kuncitshiswe, kwaye ukususela ngo-Oktobha kuphelile. Ebusika, ukuthambisa okunqabileyo kwenziwa kwindlu egumbini, kwaye ukuba isityalo sigcinwe kwigumbi elifudumeleyo, ukunyuka kwamanzi kuyanda.
Ngexesha lohlaza, i-fuchsia kufuneka ifakwe ngamanzi amile, kwaye ngexesha lokutshisa, ukuhlutha umoya kuqhutywe kabini ngosuku. Ekwindla, ukuhlanjululwa kuyancitshiswa, kwaye ebusika, ukunqunyulwa kwamanzi kuyayeka.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ngethuba lexesha lokutya, ukuqalisa ukukhula ukususela entwasahlobo kwindlasi, isityalo sitsalwa, sisebenzisa isichumisi se-mineral once every 15-20 days. Ebusika, isityalo asifuni ukuchumisa.
Imibala kunye nembonakalo. Ukususela ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ngokugcoba ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugqoka okuphezulu, ezi ntlobo zihlala zihle kakhulu kuze kube sekwindla. I-Fuchsia i-fruity berries. Ngexesha leentyantyambo ze-fuchsia, kubalulekile ukucoca iintyatyambo eziboyiweyo ukudala ukuveliswa kwe-buds entsha. Ixesha leentyantyambo liyakwandiswa nangaphambi kobusika ngenxa yokungena kwi-fuchsia ngaphakathi kwexesha lasekuqaleni kwehlobo, kwaye ke izityalo zifakwe kwi-loggia nasegadini langaphambili. Ngexesha lehlobo, ukusoka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwenziwa.
Ukuba ixesha lebusika egumbini alizange ligcine ulawulo lwamaqondo okushisa, ngoko isityalo siyancipha amaqabunga kunye nokulula. Ngethuba lokusasa kwentwasahlobo, ukusika okunzulu kweempawu ezingabonakaliyo kwenziwa, ukwenzela ukwandisa ukukhula kwamashishini amasha, kunika inani elikhulu lemibala. Iimpawu ezinqambileyo zingasetyenziselwa ukusabalalisa ngokubanzi njengeminqununu.
Ukuze ukwandise inani leentyatyambo kunye nokuphucula ukubonakala kwezityalo, isityalo kufuneka sinqunywe okanye sichithwe. Ukuphucula ukukhula kwamahlumela kumasebe amancinci kuhluma ukuphela kwesitshixo, emva kokutsalwa kwamagqabi amathathu. Oku kwenziwa njalo xa ukhula ngasecaleni udubula iimbini ezintathu zamagqabi.
Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kokutshala, i-fuchsia iyancishiswa ngeengcambu kwaye ityalwe kwisakhiwo esinomsoco. Xa ukufakelwa kwakhona, amahlumela amade anqunyulwa ngumntu wesithathu okanye isiqingatha. Ampelnye izityalo azinqunywanga, tk. ubuhle babo bokuhlobisa bubekwe ngokuthe ngqo kwixesha lamasundu. Umhlaba wokutshala i-fuchsia ungathathwa ulungele, umzekelo umxube weentyatyambo (pH 5.8-6). Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise umxube wezondlo owenziwa ngamacandelo amabini e-peat, iinxalenye ezintathu zomhlaba oqhekezayo, kunye nenxalenye yentlabathi okanye iindawo ezintathu ze-clayey sod, iindawo ezimbini zomhlaba onobumba kunye nenxalenye yentlabathi kunye ne-little peat. Ngaphantsi kwebhodeni, kufuneka kubekho umjelo omhle, ubuncinane 1/5 yokuphakama kwesitya sokungena.
Izityalo ezisandul 'ukutshalwa zifakwe kwindawo kunye nokukhanyisa kakuhle, kunamanzi amaninzi kwaye ahlanjululwe.
Ukukhula okukhawulezileyo kunye neentyantyambo ehlobo, i-fuchsia inokutshintshwa kwakhona ibe yintsimbi yesondlo.
Ukuzaliswa. I-Fuchsia isityalo sokusasazwa kwayo imbewu kunye nokusika.
Ngokunquma (5-7 cm ubude), i-fuchsia isakazwa ukususela ngoFebruwari ukuya kuMatshi, inxalenye ukusuka ngo-Agasti ukuya kuSeptemba. Imiba ibonakala kwiinqununu ngokukhawuleza, kwiintsuku ezingama-20-25, emanzini, umhlaba ovulekileyo okanye isanti kwiqondo lokushisa. Iinqununu ngeengcambu ezigqityiweyo zityalwe kumhlaba oququzelele i-humus, isanti, amaqabunga kunye nomhlaba we-sod (zonke ezithathwe kwisiqephu esinye). I-pot kufuneka ibe malunga no-9 cm ububanzi. Ukuze ufumane ukutsalwa kweziqhamo ezininzi, izicucu ezininzi zityalwe kwisitya ngasinye. Izityalo ezisandul 'ukutshalwa ziqala ukuqhakaza ngaloo nyaka. Ehlotyeni, ukwenzela ukwandisa ubuqaqawuli bamasebe, izicatshulwa kufuneka zihluthwe ngamaxesha amaninzi. AmaBakala kunye nokukhula okucothayo kwinqanaba ngo-Agasti.
Imbewu yokuvelisa ifunyenwe emva kokuvumba imveliso. Nge-pollination yokufakelwa kwemveliso yezityalo kunye nemibala eyahlukileyo, i-hybri entsha inokufunyanwa kwaye imibala eyahlukeneyo yezilwanyana ezifuywayo inganwetshwa.
Ubunzima obunokwenzeka
Ukuze i-fuchsia ngexesha lezityalo kunye neentyantyambo, kuyimfuneko ukuba uhlale uvuselela igumbi.
Xa kubusika izityalo kwindawo yokufudumala kunye nokunyusa okunamandla, kwaye xa ihlobo azincedi ukuchumisa nokuncincila, okanye izityalo zifumana ukukhanya okuncinci, ixesha lembali liyanciphisa kakhulu.
Ebusika, i-fuchsia iyalahla yonke into okanye inxalenye yamahlamvu. Ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kwamahlamvu, isityalo kufuneka sigcinwe ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo. Ukuba iifuno zivela ebusika, kufuneka zicatshulwe.
Amaqabunga awela xa kwenzeka ukungabikho kokukhanya, ukuthambisa okanye ukukhupha umoya omile.
Ukuba kukho ubuninzi bomoya ofudumeleyo, obuninzi okanye ongeyaneleyo ukuthambisa nokukhanya okuphantsi, ke i-buds ingawa.
Ngenxa yobuninzi bomswakama emhlabathini ebusika, iintlobo ezimdaka kunye neengqimba eziphuzi zingabonakala kwiifishi.
Awukwazi ukutshintsha indawo ye-fuchsia ngethuba lokuqhafaza kunye nokuqulunqa, kunye nokutshala isityalo kwiprogram, konke oku kunokubangela ukuwa kweentyatyambo kunye neziqhamo.
I-Fuchsia inokusuleleka nge-whitefly ne-spider mite.