Umgquba.
I-Peat yenye yezona zongezelelo eziqhelekileyo ekhaya. Kodwa uvimba lwawo luyancipha unyaka ngonyaka, kwaye amaxabiso akhula ngokufanayo. Kulo nxu lumano, kuyimfuneko ukukhangela amafanane angabizi. Enye indlela yokusombulula ingxaki kukusebenzisa ezinye izinto eziphilayo. Umzekelo - umquba. Ingcambu yeentyantyambo ezivela kumgquba ayikwazi ukubeka indawo yendawo yokutshintsha. Kodwa oku akudingeki. Ngomquba, unokunciphisa i-peat filler ngo-20%. Kwaye ke, kwinqanaba elifanayo lokunciphisa iindleko, ukulungiswa kweemeko zokukhula kwezityalo zeentyatyambo.
Ukongezelela ekulondolozeni imali, ukusetyenziswa kwe-substrate ukusuka kumgquba kulungisa iingxaki ezininzi kubahlali behlobo kunye nabanini bezindlu zangasese. Umzekelo, kunceda ukulahla inkunkuma engcolileyo kwisayithi kunye nenzuzo yezoshishino kunye ne-ecology. Ukuhlaziywa kwee-composting ngaphandle kweendleko ezongezelelweyo kuqinisekisa ukutshintshwa kwengca, amaqabunga aweleyo, iintsikelelo zemifuno kunye neziqhamo zigawulwe zibe ziinqununu kwaye zilahla ngendlela ifumaneka kwizityalo ezizayo.
Ukongezwa komgquba kunemiphumo emihle kwimizi yamachiza kunye nomzimba we-substrate yezolimo kunye nezityalo. Inkqubo yokulungiswa kwayo idibene nomsebenzi we-aerobic microorganisms, otshabalalisa izinto ezinobungozi kwizinto ezilula. Ezi mpendulo ze-redox zixhomekeka kakhulu kwiimeko ezingqongqo zendalo, ezifana nokushisa kunye nobukho be-oxygen, ngoko kunzima ukulawula.
Ukuba akukho nto okanye umnqweno wokuquba umquba, unokuthenga ngokulungele. Ngokomzekelo, umquba, ofunyenwe ngenxa yomsebenzi weempethu, ngokugqithiseleyo imbungu ebomvu yaseCalifornia. I-vermicompost efunyenwe ngoncedo lweempethu, ngokungafaniyo ngokuqhelekileyo, luzinzile ngakumbi kwaye lu "lukulungele" ngokukhawuleza. Iqela lezenzululwazi kwiYunivesithi yase-Ohio (iU.SA) liye labonisa ukuba i-vermicompost ithonya kakuhle ukukhula kwezityalo, ngakumbi izityalo zeentyatyambo. Ngaphantsi kwayo, i-biomass iyanda, umgangatho uphuculo. Ukubonakala kwentengiso yeentyatyambo kugcinwa nangemva kokuhamba ixesha elide. Iziphumo ezifanelekileyo zifumaneka ngokufaka i-10-20% ye-vermicompost kwi-substrate. Ngelo xesha, kwakungekho mfuneko yokuququzela iintyatyambo ekhaya kunye nezichumisi zamaminerali.
Eli nyathelo linokuchazwa ngezondlo ezongezelelweyo ezenziwe nge-vermicompost. Izilwanyana kwi-substrate kunye ne-vermicompost ziphucula ngakumbi kunokuba zingekho phantsi kwe-substrate ngaphandle kwayo, kodwa ngezinga elifanayo lezondlo. Ukongeza, isiphumo sinyamalalala xa sterilizing the vermicompost kwaye ingabuyiswanga kunye nokudibaniswa kweebhetri ezongezelelweyo.
Ibala.
Ilayini yidwala leplastiki. Sekude kusetyenziswa kwi-substrates substrates, nangona oku akuyona into efanelekileyo kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Umkhwa unamathela kakhulu, kunzima ukuwahambisa ngokulinganayo kumxube we-substrate. Ngako oko, udongwe owomileyo luphantsi komhlaba kwaye emva koko luxutywe kunye ne-peat emhlophe ehlanjulweyo ukukhusela i-particles of particles. Lo mveliso ogqityiwe ngokugqithiseleyo usetyenziselwa kwimifuziselo yomhlaba ye-cyclamen, i-chrysanthemums encinci, i-chrysanthemums njl. Xa kuphela u-5% wodongwe obongeziweyo, ukuxhamla kwamanzi kuphindwe kabini. Kodwa ngelixa lifumana amanzi angaphantsi kunomxube we-peat.
I-Clay inehlawulo elincinci, ngoko ke, ngokugqoka okuphezulu kwamaminerali, ikhangisa ions ions ammonium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus. Ezi zinto ziphantse zihlanjwe ngamanzi kwaye zisetyenziswe izityalo ngokukhawuleza, njengoko kuyimfuneko. Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuba kukho iintlobo ezithile zobumba ezifunekayo kwiintyatyambo zezimbali.
I-coconut fiber.
Iicocon fibers ziphucula kakhulu i-capillary effect ye-substrate imibala kunye nokukwazi ukufumana amanzi. Ukongezwa kweefowuni ze-coconut kunefuthe elihle phantse zonke izityalo zeentyatyambo ezivivinywayo. Okokuqala, umehluko wokumisa umgca ophezulu nangaphantsi we-substrate kwi-pot ebhodini iyancipha, echaphazela kakuhle ukuphuhliswa kweengcambu - zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umthamo. Okwesibini, ukuphuhliswa kwezityalo kukhawuleza ngenxa yoqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo lweengcambu kunye ne-substrate enomswakama, kwanokuhluthwa ngokugqithisileyo (ekugqibeleni isondlo esiphezulu sakha ngokukhawuleza, oko kukuthi, iingcambu ezincinci zikhona). Okwesithathu, ngenxa yesiphumo esihle se-capillary, ukumiswa komgca ophezulu kunciphisa kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, iziqu zibhetele kangcono emhlabeni. Okwesine, kulula ukunkcenkceshela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, kunye ne-peat eyomileyo, eyinceda ukukhulisa iintyatyambo eziphezulu. Ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuthambisa rhoqo, ii-coconut fibers zisetyenziselwa ukukhulisa izityalo kwindawo evulekile, apho umoya kunye nelanga liwomile umhlaba.
Ukukhuselwa kwe-substrate kwii-microorganisms ze-pathogenic.
Ukunciphisa ukuphuhliswa kwezifo kwiinkqubo ezingenasiphelo ngoncedo lokuqaliswa kwezilwanyana ezincinci kuyindlela esitsha ekuhlaleni izityalo kwiingqungquthela zokufakelwa, umzekelo, kwiboyile yamaminerali. Imfuno efunekayo yobuninzi be-floriculture ibilokhu ibhekwa njengento ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifo zengcambu zihlala zenzeka nokuba zonke iimeko zeentyatyambo ezikhulayo ziyabonwa. Ngokomzekelo, i-Pythium ne-Phytoftora ifanelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwimimiselo ye-hydroponics kwaye ikhule ngokugqibeleleyo kumagceke angenasiphelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zikhuselwe ngokucinywa komzimba, inzalo, kodwa oku kusebenza kuphela njengomlinganiselo wokukhusela.
Ingqwalasela eninzi ihlawulwa namhlanje kwi-microflora ekhethekileyo, ephazamisa ii-microorganisms ze-pathogenic. Kwiivenkile ezizodwa ungathenga okanye ulandele izidakamizwa ezilwa nezifo ezininzi zezityalo. Kwaye ukudibanisa iintlobo ezincinci zezilwanyana ezincinci kusebenza ngakumbi kunokusetyenziswa komnye. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela indlela yokuzisa iziyobisi zokukhusela. Ukuba i-pathogen ingena kwisityalo ngesisombululo sezondlo, ngoko ke akunakuncedo ukwenza amalungiselelo nge-microflora encedo kummandla we-substrate. Ngoko ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi inxalenye oyisebenzisayo kwiintyatyambo ekhaya, kufuneka ube nolwazi olongezelelweyo, ukufunda iincwadi ezikhethekileyo kunye nokubonisana nabavelisi beentyatyambo abanamava ukuze bakhulise iintyatyambo eziphilileyo.