I-Spring yithuba lokutshala izityalo ezintsha, izityalo kunye nemithi engadini yakho. Akukho into engaqhelekanga ukuba abantu abaninzi banemibuzo emininzi kwesi sihloko. Umzekelo: njani ngokufanelekileyo ukutshala izithombo? Indlela yokufumana ukuba iziphi izitishi ezincinci zihlanganisiwe: i-dwarfish, i-dwarfish okanye iphakamileyo? Akunakuphi na ukuphosakela ekukhetheni kwezityalo? Yonke le mibuzo iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ifuna ingqwalasela efanele kunye noxanduva olufanelekileyo, kuba kuya kuba nemfesane ukuba ulinde iminyaka emininzi kwisityalo esinye, kwaye ufumana oko ufuna ngako.
Iintambo
Kukhona i-clonal and seminal stock. Abalimi bezona zimveliso ezintle kakhulu bajonga iingqolowa zembewu, ezifunyenwe ngenxa yokuhlwayelwa kwembewu, eziye zahlukana neziqhamo zemithi yehlathi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwi-nurseriesuse imbewu ye-antonovok yezimbewu ezingaphezulu. Amava enkcazo akhula izityalo zembewu okanye imikhosi. Imithi ye-apula ekhulile ikhulile kwimbewu yehlathi le-apula yasendle, i-semi-dwarf - kwiintlobo zeemikhomo zaseTshayina, kunye neentyatyambo zezityalo ze-apple zeShedekker. Ukuba ufuna ukukhulisa ipeyari, ke izityalo ezikhulile kwiimbewu zinyuka kwihlathi elimnyama, kwaye ezilwanyana zikhulile kwiintlobo ze-quince.
I-clone rootstocks isakazwa ngeendlela zokuhlala, kungekhona imbewu. Iimpahla ezinjalo zithandwa ngababelethi abaneendawo ezikhethekileyo ze-agrotechnics kunye neemeko ezikhethekileyo zokukhula kwintsimi. Kwiingcambu ze-clonal, imithi ayikhuli ixesha elide, kuphela iminyaka eyi-12-14. Ngeminyaka elilishumi, iziqu ziqala ukuphazamiseka kwaye zigula kakhulu. Ukuba ukufika okunjalo kwishishini, ngoko kuhluthwa.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo?
Zama ukufumana izithombo ezivela kubalimi abanegama elihle, owaziyo ishishini labo ngokugqibeleleyo, wazi kakuhle ubuchule kwaye uyazi ukuba zeziphi izichumisi ezisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo zakho zemozulu kunye nomhlaba. Ukuba izityalo zakhula kwiindawo ezincinci, zizama ukuziphepha, kuba iisoloko zikhethwa ngokuthe tye. Xa uqala ukukhetha izityalo eziyimfuneko, kufuneka unikwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwiingcambu: ukuba ingcambu isekwe kumbala omnyama, ke le mbewu ayikho kuwe. Wagcinwa ixesha elide waza walahlekelwa ngamandla akhe bonke ubomi. Ezinye iifom ezinqumlekileyo zeengcambu ziba neengcambu zeengcambu. Ukuba ingcambu igqitywe nge-lobe ekhula kwi-axis central central, ke le yintsika ye-clone okanye i-root-owning seedling (ezininzi zezi zityalo zingatholakala kwi-plums kunye ne-cherries). Ukuba ingcambu inamagatsha amaninzi, kwaye ixabiso le-lobe lincinci, ke le yintsimi yembewu.
Ukongeza, kufuneka ukhangele kakuhle amahlumela. Ukuba ukhetha ipeyari, qiniseka ukuba akukho namachashazi amnyama kunye nokuvuvukala kwi-bark - oku kubonisa ukuba isapilisi sikhula isikhala. Ukuba uye waya kukhetha izithombo ze-aple, ngoko awuvumelekanga ukuba ugxobhe izilonda ezincinci kunye nokudaka kwamnyama, ngaphandle koko uthenge umhlaza we-sagenetszarzhenny. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, ukuba imbewu ayikho ukukhula okuqinileyo, kubangelwa ukuba ininzi yezichumisi zafakwa kwii-nursery. Kukho nezinye iimpawu, ngokubonga ukuba ungalindela ukuthatha umbala kunye nombala wezityalo ezizayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba ii-apula zinemibala enombala obomvu, amahlumela aluhlaza, ngoko ke banabanikazi bezityalo eziluhlaza kunye nohlobo oluphuzi, kodwa ukuba inzala inomthunzi obomvu we-bark, oku kubonisa ukuba umbala uya kubomvu. Ukuba ukhetha iplamu, qaphela umbala wamahlumela ayo. Umthunzi omnyama obomvu ubonisa ukuba iziqhamo ziya kuba mnyama okomnyama xa amahlumela ephuzi, i-gray or greenish, oku kuthetha ukuba iziqhamo ziya kuba ne-shades elula. Ukuba ukhetha ipeyari, kuya kuba lula kuwe ukunquma umbala wezityalo ezizayo. Ukuba inzala inomtsalane obomvu okanye umbala omnyama obomvu, ngoko ke isiqhamo siza kuluphuzi, ukuba izihluma ziluhlaza-luhlaza okanye luhlaza, iziqhamo ziya kuba luhlaza, kwaye, ukuba iifotshini zibomvu, iipereyiti ziya kuba nebala eliqaqambileyo.
Njengokuba sele sigqibe isigqibo sokukhetha izityalo, lixesha lokuya ngqo ekutyaleni. Yilona xesha lifanelekileyo lokuxoxa ngembandela yokucoca izithombo kunye nokuthetha ngokucwangciswa komyezo.
Iifowuni kunye neentso
Ukuba imbewu ye-apula inemifuno ekhulayo kunye nemikhosi emifutshane, ngoko, mhlawumbi, lo mthi uya kukhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa izityalo ezinamaqabunga adibeneyo kunye ne-internodes ezide ziqala ukuvelisa iziqhamo ngokukhawuleza. Iimbewu, eziye zavuna ukungahlanjululwa kwemifuno, zihlala ziqala ukuvelisa iziqhamo ngokukhawuleza. Ukongezelela, izityalo zamapheya, ezivela kwiintlobo ezinokukhula ngokukhawuleza, nangona ubudala sele sele zibe namasebe kwinqanaba elingaphantsi kwesityalo. Iintlobo, eziye zize zize zize zihluthe iiflethi ezincinci, zize ziqale ukuvelisa iziqhamo emva kwexesha.
Ukufika
Xa ufumene izityalo, kufuneka uhlume ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokwemvelo, abaninzi abalimi bayazi ukuba xa batyala imithi kwiindawo apho kungakaze kube khona umthi weziqhamo, izityalo ezincinane ziya kuqala ukuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ziza kuzisa izityalo ezinkulu, ezicocekileyo nezicolileyo. Kodwa ukuba, ngokuchaseneyo, ukutyala imithi kwindawo apho imithi ihlala ikhula khona, kuya kuba nokuphakama okuphezulu ukuba imithi iza kukhula kakubi, qala ukulimaza kwaye kungenzeka ukuba baya kufa.
Konke oku kungenxa yokuzityhefuza komhlaba: ubomi bemihla ngemihla bulahla izinto ezahlukeneyo emhlabeni ezingaqhelanga, ziqokelela i-atoll. Konke oku kusebenza kwizityalo zeentlobo ezifanayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba iminyaka emininzi kwimigangatho ye-apula ikhula kwindawo enye kwaye idliwa ngenxa yoko, kwaye izityalo ezintsha ze-aple ziya kutsalwa kwisayithi enye, abayi kuba nempilo. Izityalo ziya kuhluma kwaye ziqale ukuphuka, kodwa ukuba utshayela iplamu kweli lizwe, liya kukhula kwaye luphucule ngakumbi. Ukuba indawo yomthi we-apula ityalwe ipau okanye i-cherry, iya kuziva ingcono ngakumbi kule mhlaba kunokuba yinto ecocekileyo. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuhlala rhoqo kwiindawo zemiyezo.
Kumele uqaphele ixesha lokufika. Iziqhamo zemithi kunye nemithi ingaqala ukutyala indawo engunaphakade emhlabeni ukususela ngomhla we-10-15 kuSeptemba kwaye uqhubeke nokutshala kungakabikho ukuqala ukuqalisa. Xa sitshala imithi ekwindla, ngokuqhelekileyo abacwangcisi basenamagqabhagqabha okumelwe anqunywe ngekisi kwaye kuphela i-petioles kufuneka isuswe. Kule mimandla apho umhlaba ukhululeka khona kwaye ungabonakali kakhulu ebusika, ngeli xesha kunokwenzeka ukutshala imithi, baya kuphila. Ngethuba lentwasahlobo, sele kusenokwenzeka ukuqala ukutshala izithombo ukusuka ekupheleni kweFebruwari, ewe, ukuba umhlaba awunqabile kwaye unokuqhubeka nokutshala de kube sekupheleni kuka-Epreli. Kufanelekile ukuthobela ingqalelo ukuba ekutsalweni kwentwasahlobo kwizityalo akufuneki kubekho iifama ezihluma. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna ukutyala umthi ngo-Meyi, gxuma imbewu phambi kwangaphambili kwaye uyithumele kwindawo ebanda apho iya kuba khona ngokuthula.
Umanyolo
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ngaphambi kokutshala okanye kwinkqubo yayo, umyezo wokutshala kufuneka uzaliswe ngamaminerali kunye nezichumiso eziphilayo. Abalimi abanolwazi bathi xa kutyalwe, akukho nto inokuthi ifakwe kwisichumiso, ngenxa yokuba oku kunokuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwemithi. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba xa ukutyala kungabalulekanga ukukhula ngokukhawuleza komthi, kodwa ukuba isityalo simisiwe kakuhle. Kwaye ukuze umthi uthathe ingcambu ayifuni nayiphi na isichumiso, ngenxa yale njongo kuphela ukunyusa komhlaba kunye neendawo zangaphakathi zokugcina iimfuno eziyimfuneko. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba kukho izondlo emhlabathini, iingcambu zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Iifomthi aziyi kuthintela kuphela umthi ukuba uzijwayele, kodwa ziya kuqala ukudweba emgodini wokutshala, i-slugs, i-moles kunye ne-wireworms, kwaye zingonakalisa iingcambu.
Uhlobo lomyezo
Imithi kufuneka ityalwe kumgama othile, kuxhomekeke kwisithintelo, iindidi kunye nommandla wegadi ehleliweyo.
Ininzi imithi kufuneka ityalwe kumgama wama-3-4 wamitha ukusuka kwelinye.
Iipayari kunye nemipula, imitha eyi-1 imitha yokungena ejulile kufuneka ilungiselelwe; ukujika, iplamu, i-ash ash, cherry kunye ne-sea-buckthorn - 0.6 m; i-gooseberries, i-quince yaseJapan, i-currants kunye neempawu-0,5 m.