Iinyanga ezilisithoba, apho umntwana ekhula ngaphakathi kwakho, akahlali nje enomdla, kodwa egcwele umdla. Ziziphi iimfuno zophando ezifunekayo? Kuthetha ukuthini igama elithi "placenta previa"? Ngaba i-ultrasound iphephile? Ukuphosa umxhelo ongafunekiyo, uzinciphe. Kule nqaku uhanjiswa ngemibuzo efunwa kakhulu ngokukhulelwa.
Utywala buchaphazela njani ukukhulelwa?
Ukusela okanye ukungaphuzi ngumbuzo. Kakade ke, ukutywala ngokwexilongwe akunakulinganiswa - oku kuqondakalayo. Ewe, kuthekani ngeglasi yewayini okanye ubhiya? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukusela kancinci kwiholide okanye njengaye, ngokuthanda? Oogqirha baphendula - ewe, unako. Kuphela ukuba awukhulelwe. Igrlasi yewayini ebomvu okanye iglasi yebhiya, nokuba yinto efanelekileyo kakhulu neyindleko, kulo mzekelo, yingozi ngokufanayo. Yaye ukuba ulinda umntwana kwaye uya kuqhubeka ukulincelisa - ungabandakanyi naluphi utywala kuze kube sekupheleni kokutya. Ngenxa yokuba yonke into oyiphuzayo, ingena egazini nakwi-placenta. Ezi ziko aziyingozi kuwe, kwaye umzimba womntwana awukwazi ukujamelana nawo. Isibindi sakhe asinakuphuhliswa (ukuba kukho konke kuphuhlisiwe) ukuhlambulula igazi. Bonke utywala bahlala naye, bethonya zonke izitho kunye neenkqubo. Oku kusongelwa kukuba umntwana unokuzalwa ngokukhawuleza, ukuba uya kuba neengxaki ngokuphuhliswa kwempilo yengqondo nangokwengqondo, ukuba intliziyo yakhe ayiyi kusebenza ngendlela efanele. Ngaba uthathe utywala xa ungayazi ngokukhulelwa? Oku akuntle kakhulu, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ngexesha leveki zokuqala ezimbini, imbungu ikhuselekile.
Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezilindele ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Uya kunikwa uvavanyo lwe-cytology kunye nencazelo yeqela legazi-oku kuyimfuneko kubo bonke abantu. Ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, ugqirha uya kunika kwakhona uhlalutyo lokuxinwa kwe-glucose egazini. Uya kugqiba ukuba unesifo sikashukela, kwaye uyasebenza ekufumaneni i-syphilis ne-hepatitis. Njalo inyanga kufuneka ukhangele indlela iinjongo ezisebenza ngayo. Uhlalutyo lwe-Urine luza kubonakalisa umzila we-urinary kunye nokusuleleka kwegazi-umzekelo, i-anemia. Uvavanyo lwe-toxoplasmosis luya kugqiba ukuba unayo i-antibodies malunga ne-parasites ebangela isifo. Kuyingozi kakhulu kubafazi abakhulelweyo, kodwa banokuphiliswa.
Isifo sikashukela nokukhulelwa - kuyingozi?
Xa umzimba awukwazi ukuhlangabezana nemveliso ye-insulin eyaneleyo-ngexesha lokukhulelwa, inqanaba leshukela legazi liphuma. Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuba kukho isongelo seswekile, kunokuba nobukho beshukela kumchamo. Inokufumaneka ngexesha lokuvavanya, okwenzeka phakathi kweveki ye-24 neye-28 yokukhulelwa. Udinga ukhathazeka ngaphezu kwanini na, ukuba uhlala uziva unxaniwe kwaye uhlala uye endlwini yangasese. Musa ukuthobela le miqondiso - isifo sikashukela sinengozi kumntwana. Ugqirha wakho mhlawumbi uya kuncomeka ukutya okufanelekileyo, ukulawula ubunzima, ukuzivocavoca, ukuhlolwa kwegazi rhoqo (i-glucometer ingabhalwa) kunye nokuphathwa kwe-insulin.
Ngaba usebenzise ingozi ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Nantsi kukho umgaqo olula: ukuba usebenze kwimidlalo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, qhubeka uyenza, kwaye ukuba awuzange uyenze, akufanele uqale. Musa ukuphelisa umzimba ngenxa yokuba ukhulelwe. Ukuyeka imfundo yenyama, kufuneka kubekho izizathu ezifanelekileyo zezempilo. Ewe. Kukho imidlalo ethile enqatshelwe kubafazi abakhulelweyo. Oku kukhwela, ukukhwela, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili, kunye ne-tennis kunye ne-marathon ehambayo. Kodwa kunconywa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukubhukuda, ukuhamba, i-yoga, ukuzilolonga kwi-ole-ole kunye nokudansa! I-Gymnastics ayikusizi nje ukulawula ubunzima. Kwakhona luncedo ngexesha lokubeletha. Nceda nceda! Xa uvakalelwa intlungu ngexesha lokuzivocavoca umzimba kwisisu esezantsi okanye ukuqala kokuphuma kwamanzi - kha wuleza udibane nodokotela.
Ngaba kuyimfuneko ukuba owesifazane okhulelwe aye kwidokotela wamazinyo?
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ewe! Kwaye, ukuba uvumelane kwintlanganiso kunye nodokotela wamazinyo kubhetele kumanyathelo okuqala okukhulelwa. Ukunyanga kwamazinyo, ukususa i-plaque kuyimfuneko nje ngeli xesha. Xa ulindele umntwana, ukubola kwezinyo kuyinkathazo enkulu. Amazinyo angabonakali ngamasango avulekileyo emzimbeni wengane ngenxa yezifo ezahlukeneyo. Baya kuye ngegazi kwaye kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo ebuhlungu. Ngethuba lokukhulelwa, i-gum ihlala iphuma egazini, leyo ayisoloko isifo. Kungcono ukubona ugqirha.
Umbala wezinwele uthinte njani ukukhulelwa?
Konke kuxhomekeke kwimbala oyisebenzisayo. Kukho iipalini ezingenayo i-ammonia kunye nezinga eliphezulu lokukhusela. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuya kwi-trimester yesithathu. Nangona kunjalo, isacetyiswa ukuba ubaleke nayiphi na inkunkuma ukuya kwiveki ye-12 yokukhulelwa kunye nexesha lokukhulelwa.
Ukutshintsha kwemizimba rhoqo
Ewe, nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo oku kwenzeka njalo. Uvuyo, usizi, iinyembezi kunye novuyo kwakhona - nguloo mzekelo wesifazane okhulelweyo. Okuqhelekileyo! Gweba konke - i-hormone. Ngokuchanekileyo, ukungafani kwabo emzimbeni. Inqanaba lokunyuka kwamanye, ngelixa abanye - behla kakhulu. Kwaye konke oku kwenzeka kwijubane elinjalo kangangokuthi akumangalisi ukuba iimvakalelo zihamba phambili. Ukuguquguquka kwemoya kuthethwa kakhulu ngexesha lekota yokuqala. Okwesibini uya kuba yincinci - umzimba usetyenziswa kwimephu entsha ye-hormonal.
Ungaziqonda njani kwisifo sengqondo ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Ngeli xesha, i-mucus eninzi ikhutshwa ngaphandle kweqhelekileyo. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yale mfihlelo kubalulekile ukuba ungaphuthelwa kwesi sifo. Ukuba azinamanzi, i-milk, ngefowuni ephosakeleyo, ebonakala ngathi ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini - yonke into iyahlelwa. Ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, ezi zikhutshwayo zigcinwa ngobuninzi kangangokuba akukho namaphini angasinceda. Ukuba ukukhutshwa kwi-vagina kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye nokuvumba okumnandi (kunye nokutshisa, ukutshaya) - konke oku kuyimpawu yokuba unobungozi obushushu okanye ubhaktheriya bentsholongwane. Unganqikazi ukutyelela ugqirha. Unyango kufuneka lwenziwe ngokukhawuleza.
Ungadla njani ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Lo ngumbuzo ovame ukusizwa ngokuphathelele ukukhulelwa, okuxhalabisa phantse bonke abafazi. Into efunekayo ukuthobela - ukutya kufuneka kube nempilo kwaye igcwele. Ukutya rhoqo, kodwa kwiincinci ezincinci - isiseko sempilo yakho. Iziqhamo kunye nemifuno (850 amagremu ngosuku), iintlobo ezincinci zenyama, iinkukhu okanye intlanzi, ingakumbi olwandle. Qiniseka ukuba udla amaqanda (ama-3-5 ngeveki), zonke iintlobo zesonka seengqolowa, okusanhlamvu, ubisi kunye nemveliso yobisi (ezintathu iinkonzo ngosuku). Gwema ushizi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukutya kwezilwanyana zasolwandle kunye nentlanzi, inyama eluhlaza, i-ayisikrifi, ikhofi (kubandakanywa ngenxa yengozi ye caffeine).
Ziziphi iyeza ezingenakuthathwa ngabafazi abakhulelweyo?
Umgaqo obalulekileyo: ungathathi naluphi na iyeza ngokwengqiqo yakho ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha, kunye namavithamini. Kufuneka uthathe: i-folic acid, insimbi (ukuba unako ukukhulelwa kwegazi), iivithamini (ukuba uyidla ngokufanelekileyo, mhlawumbi awuyi kuyidinga). Kodwa khumbula - ezinye zazo maziziphephe! Ezi zi-vithamini A, D, E ne-K. Ukuba unesifo sikashukela, usulelo lwe-urinary okanye ugalelo lomfazi, uxinzelelo lwegazi-lumkele nayiphi na imithi. Ezi zifo ziyingozi kumama nomntwana. Ngaba unobunzima beentloko, iingxaki zokulala, ubanda, ukutshaya? Nangona kunjalo, zama ukwenza ngaphandle kokuthatha unyango. Aphephile, nantoni na ekuthethayo kwiintengiso. Masizivumele okanye uzame ukuphendulela kwizigulane ezingenangxaki zabantu.
Yintoni i- placenta previa? Kunokuba kuyingozi?
Le mibuzo yimibuzo edlalwa ngabafazi abaninzi. Kwenzeka ukuba i-placenta ifumaneke ngokungaqhelekanga - kwicandelo elingaphantsi lombelethi kwaye ke lugubungela intamo. Le ngenye yezizathu zokuphaphaza kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Ugqirha ngokuqhelekileyo ugqiba oku ngexesha le-ultrasound, kwaye ngoku oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka wenze icandelo lesajaji. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka ukhuphe ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba kwaye ngokubanzi nayiphi na imithwalo. Ngamanye amaxesha ubulili buchasene. Ngokuqwalasela rhoqo kunye nokunyanga okunyamekileyo, ukukhulelwa kungagqitywa ngokupheleleyo kwaye kunikezelwe ngokuzalwa (nangona uncedo lwe-cearean) lomntwana ophilileyo.
Ngaba ubunzima obunzima obuyingozi ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Ewe, kwaye, wena nomntwana. Ukufumana ubunzima obukhuselekileyo kuphakathi kwe-10 ne-17 kg. Ngokutsho koogqirha. Isisindo sanda kakhulu ngenxa yobunzima bomntwana ngokwawo, i-placenta, i-amniotic fluid, i-uterus, isifuba, isisu kunye neyanda yegazi. Ngexesha elifanayo, kufuneka ufumane ubunzima ngokuvisisana. Ukuba ubunzima bakho buyaphambukela kwisiqhelo esamkelekileyo - dibana nodokotela. Ngethuba lokukhulelwa, naluphi na ukutya okunciphisa umzimba kuphikisana!
Ukukhulelwa kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi eliphezulu - yintoni ingozi?
Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, i-preeclampsia ivame ukubonwa - uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Kungenxa yoko. Ukuba umzimba uphululiwe. Ubukho beengxaki kuboniswa kuqala kokufumaneka kweprotheni kumchamo. Khumbula: akukho unyango lwexinzelelo lomsindo luyingozi kumama nomntwana. Uxinzelelo lwe-hypertension lungancitshiswa ngamayeza, ukutya kunye nokuzilolonga. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha (kwiimeko ezinqabileyo) kuyimfuneko ukuhlala esibhedlele ukwenzela ukuhlolwa okongeziweyo okanye ukuhanjiswa kwangethuba.
Unokuthintela njani ukubonakala kwamanqaku elula ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Ngelishwa, le nkqubo ayinakupheka. Ulusu lusele, kwaye kwiindawo zokwelula liba lincinci kwaye izikhonkwane zibonakala. Ikonakala ngokubonakalayo kwisisu nangesifuba. Unokuzinciphisa kwaye ubenze zingabonakali ngaphantsi. Yonke imihla, uhlambulule isikhumba ngesandla kwisiglavu esithambileyo kwisindululo esisetyhula. Emva kokuhlamba, sebenzisa isithwathwa kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo, kunye kanye ngeveki, sebenzisa umzimba. Kwakhona ungakulibali malunga nebhasi - iyincedo xa isifuba sinzima.
Yintoni i-Rhesus Conflict?
Xa umama wesikhathi esizayo eneqela legazi le-Rh-le nto ingabangela iingxaki ezinzulu. Umntwana uvame ukuthatha iRhesus enhle, ngoko umzimba womama ongu-Rh ungachukumisi ngokukhawuleza, uvelise izikhuselo ezibhekiselele kumaseli e-fetal. Ingxabano ibangelwa, edla ngokubangela ukukhipha isisu okanye ukuzala. Ingozi encinci isoloko isongela umntwana ekukhulelweni kokuqala, kwaye emva koko kunokukhokelela kwi-anemia yomntwana. Oku kungahambelani kunokuthintelwa ngokubonelela nge-immunoglobulin kumzimba kamama. Inkqubo inzima kwaye iqhutyelwa kuphela esibhedlele phantsi kolawulo loogqirha.
Ngaba ndinokulala ngesini ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Ewe. Oku akuvumelekanga. Ukuba akukho ziphikisana (umzekelo, i-placenta previa, iingxaki zomlomo wesibeleko), ngoko unokwenza isondo ukuya kwimihla yokugqibela yokukhulelwa. Musa ukumangaliswa ukuba uziva unqwenelekayo ngokomzimba. Inkulu kakhulu kwi-trimester yesibili yokukhulelwa-oku kubangelwa kwizinga eliphezulu le-estrogens kunye neprogesterone. Into ephambili kukuba ukwazi ukulinganisela nokwenza ngokufanelekileyo. Musa ukuvumela intlungu, musa ukutshintshela kwiimeko eziphambili.
Unokubala njani umhla wokuzalwa ngokuchanekileyo?
Ukususela kumhla wokuqala wesithanga sokugqibela, thabatha iinyanga ezintathu. Ngokomzekelo, iMeyi 20 -3 inyanga = Februwari 20. Yongeza ke iintsuku ezingama-7 kumhla owamkelekileyo (Februwari 20 + 7 iintsuku = Februwari 27). Umhla wokuphela ngumhla oqikelelwayo wokubeletha. Kodwa ngokungaqhelekanga umntwana uzalelwe ngexesha elimiselweyo ukuchaneka kosuku. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kwenzeka phakathi kwe-37 no-42 ngeveki. Ukukhulelwa kuye kwahlulwa ngamagama amathathu: ukuqala ukuya kwiiveki ezingama-13, okwesibini - ukususela kwi-14 ukuya kwe-27 ngeveki, okwesithathu-ukusuka kwi-28 ukuya kwe-40 iveki.