Ukungabi naluphi na isivakalisi. Kucingelwa ukuba omnye kwabafazi abahlanu abaceba ukufumana umntwana banengxaki ngokuqala kokukhulelwa. Kodwa ininzi yabo ekugqibeleni iphumelela. Ukuchonga ukuxilongwa kwanamhlanje kunye nokunyangwa ngonyango kunceda ukuxazulula ingxaki enjalo njengento engafanelekanga yokuzala kunye nokungabikho komntwana.
Lilixesha lokuya kudokotela?
Njengomthetho, umfazi ukhulelwe ngaphakathi konyaka emva kokuqala kwesondo ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwemithi yokukhusela. Ukuba ixesha alisebenzelanga (uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 ubudala kwaye awuzange ukhulelwe, uye waba neengxaki zobunzima okanye izenzo zangaphambili), emva kolu xesha, ungazolisi ukutyelela i-gynecologist ekhethekileyo kunyango lokungabikho. Kwimeko yabasetyhini abaselula, ukutyelelwa okunjalo kunokuhlehliselwa unyaka omnye. Uninzi lwabantwana ababa ngabazali bengenawo uncedo lwezonyango kunyaka wesibini wokuzama ukufumana umntwana.
Khumbula ukuba ubomi budibene kunye, ngoko ugqirha kufuneka uhambe kunye neqabane. Ukuba umyeni wakho unxusa ukuba uqale udibanise nawe-umkhombise ngenye indlela. Amadoda amaninzi anquma ukuya kugqirha kakhulu. Bacinga malunga nokuxilongwa, becinga ukuba le ngcamango eyingozi. Ngokweengcali, ukuya kwi-15% yezibini ezitshatileyo zijongene nobunzima abathile bokukhulelwa. Kukho izizathu ezininzi zezi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha izizathu zontsebenziswano zombini. Isizathu esiqhelekileyo sokungaphumeleli kwonyango sigxile kwingxaki enye. Kodwa kufuneka uhlale ujonga izisombululo ezintsha ngaphandle kokufumana iziphumo emva kokuba unyango. Ixesha lihamba, kwaye amathuba omzimba ayinakuphela.
Ukungazalwanga kwabantwana kungesiqingatha sezibini, kwaye ngokweengcali, ezi zikhombisi ziyaqhubeka zikhula. Ukuxilongwa kwamaqabane kufuneka kwenziwe ngokukodwa. Ukuphila okungalunganga, indlela engafanelekanga yokuphila kubangela ukuba iimeko zokungabikho zonyango zikhula kubameli beesini zesibini.
Ndingafumana phi uncedo?
Unokuya kwintlobo yesifo somzimba kwikliniki, kwaye uya kuthi, xa kunyanzelekile, akukhokele phambili. Isigqibo sokufumanisa nokunyanga intsholongwane ngokuqhelekileyo sithathwa ngumjobi wezilwanyana kunye ne-endocrinologist, kunye neengcali zeengxaki ze-hormonal kwi-andrologist yamadoda (ingcali kwizifo zesithwaba sokuzala) okanye i-urologist (oyingcali kwizifo ze-genitourinary system).
Ukuba unethuba (kubandakanywa nemali) - kungcono ukuba ufumane unyango olungenasiphelo kulonyango kwiklinikhi. Kukho abacebisi beengcali, iingcali zezobugcisa kunye nezihlalutyo, zonke zazo kwindawo enye. Uxilongo kunye nonyango kuya kwenziwa ngokucokisekileyo kwaye uza kusindisa ixesha elide. Xa ufumanisa ukuba umsebenzi wakho awunqabile, mhlawumbi uza kugqiba ngokuhambela omnye okanye ezimbini kwiindleko eziphantsi zeenkonzo. Xa kukho inkxalabo enzulu, mhlawumbi ugqirha othembekileyo uya kukukhokela kuzo zonke izigaba zonyango ukuya ekupheleni.
Umbuzo wokuba uncedo lokuxhaswa yinxalenye yophando kunye nonyango luya kuqhutyelwa ingqalelo kumaziko abucala phantsi kwezivumelwano ezifanelekileyo kunye ne-fund. Uninzi olunolwazi olunolwazi, olubandakanya ngamagumbi amaziko angcono ekunyango kwintsholongwane kwindawo yakho kunye nemibono yoogqirha onokuyifumana kuMbutho weNyango yokuThathaka.
Khumbula ukuba umcimbi onjalo obunzima njengonyango lokungabikho kwengqondo, kubalulekile ukuthembela kuphela ugqirha ofanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, yonke into ibalulekile apha - kunye nempendulo yezinye izigulane, kunye nokucinga kwakho kokuqala. Unganqikazi ukucela ugqirha ukuqinisekiswa kweemfundo zakhe-oku kukunene.
Yintoni ukuxilongwa komfazi kubandakanya?
Iingcali zibonisa: akukho sizathu sokuvandlakanywa komsebenzi wakho wokuzala ukuhlala ixesha elide kuneenyanga ezintathu. Ngelo xesha, xa ujongana nabaqeqeshi, unokwenene ubone yonke into uze wenze isigqibo sokuba wenze ntoni. Oogqirha abanobuchule abaninzi banomxholo ococekileyo kunye nomama wabo wesikhathi esizayo ukuze babe neengcamango ezinengxaki malunga neengxaki. Oku akutshintshi ukuba intuition ayanele. Oku kuyimfuneko ukugqiba iinqanaba eziphambili zokuxilongwa.
Kuyabasetyhini, ukuxilongwa kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwe-gynecological, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ngobuninzi bee-tublopian tubes, uvavanyo lwe-laparoscopic. Okukugqibela kukuvumela ukuba ukhangele ukuba ngaba isizathu sokungabikho kwemvelo sisifo esithile sokutshatyalaliswa kwesifo-i-spikes okanye i-endometriosis. Ukuba ugqirha ubona iingxaki kwi-uterine cavity, njenge-polyps, unokuncoma i-sonography okanye i-ultrasound emva kokufaka i-saline nge-catheter. Olu phando lusezantsi kwaye luba buhlungu.
Into ebalulekileyo yokuxilongwa yinkcazo yexesha lokuvuthwa kunye nomgangatho wayo. Ezi zifundo zivumile kakhulu, kodwa akukho nto ibaluleke kakhulu ukuvavanya kwesikhova somlomo wesibeleko. Ngenxa yale njongo, akukho kuphela umgangatho ophezulu owenziwa, kodwa, ngaphezu kwayo yonke, uchungechunge lweemvavanyo ze-hormonal ukuvavanya umsebenzi we-thyroid gland. Amanqanaba ama-androgens, umsebenzi we-adrenal kunye nomsebenzi we-ovarian umsebenzi we-ovarian nawo uyavavanywa.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-bacteriological kuyadingeka. Ukusuleleka kwebhaktheriya yimbangela yezihlandlo zokungabikho komntwana, kodwa kusenziwa phantsi kwelizwe lethu. Kubalulekile ukukhuphela izifo ezifana ne-chlamydia. Isiqhelo esithi "smear" alaneleyo - iimvavanyo ezizodwa zifunekayo, okwenza kube lula ukuphonononga ukuchaswa kweziyobisi zamachiza.
Kunqabile kakhulu, zonke ezi zifundo aziphenduli malunga nezizathu zokungapheli. Ukuba wena kunye neqabane lakho niphilile ngaphandle, oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha bayancoma ukuba bafunde ngokuqhubekayo iimvavanyo zezofuzo kunye ne-immunological. Iingxaki ezinjalo zivela ngezikhathi, ukufikelela kwiziphumo zophando kunzima, kwaye iindleko zazo ziphezulu. Kodwa umphumo ufanelekile.
Iimbangela eziqhelekileyo zokusweleka kwabantwana
Ngokuqhelekileyo i-ultrasound kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi kunokunceda ukufumanisa imbangela yokungasebenzi. Kwi-30-35% yamatyala, ukungabikho kwabantwana abasetyhini kunxulumene ne-tubal occlusion, kwaye enye i-25% idibene neengxaki ze-hormonal. Isizathu sentsholongwane ka-tubal, njengomyalo, ziyi-microorganisms ezibangelwa zizifo ze-venereal, ezifana ne-chlamydia okanye i-gonorrhea. Ukuvutha komlomo okanye okungahambiyo kungakhokelela ekwakheni ukonakala, ukubunjwa kwe-abscess kunye ne-tubal atresia.
Iziphazamiso zeHormon zokuzala abantwana ezinxulumene nokungabikho kwe-ovulation okanye i-ovulation engafanelekiyo (i-follicle ayiqhubi, iqanda ayikhululwa ngexesha le-ovulation). Kukho neempawu zesifo esizalwe njengefa esibizwa ngokuba yi-polycystic ovary syndrome. Kwii-ovari, kukho i-hormone yamadoda engaphezulu, okukhokelela ekufeni kwezinto eziyintliziyo kunye nokwenziwa kwama-cysts. Enye ingxaki i-hyperprolactinemia (inqanaba eliphezulu leprolactin), elingaholela ekutheni i-amenorrhea. Inokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo i-glands, ukunciphisa ukugcinwa kweprogesterone kubasetyhini, ukukhusela ukuphuhliswa kwembungu.
Ukungalingani kwe-hormonal kukhokelela kwiimeko ezininzi, ngokuqhelekileyo zidibaniswa nendlela yokuphila. Ukungondleki, ukunyamezela, ukunyamezela okungapheliyo, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kunye nemidlalo yezobugcisa banakho "ukuchitha" iinzame ezintsha zokuba nomntwana. Imiphumo engebiyo ibangela ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwe-thyroid gland, i-pituitary gland kunye neengqungquthela ze-adrenal.
Umntu ongenamdla (okanye enye into ekunciphiseni ukuzala) ngamanye amaxesha i-endometriosis. Esi sifo sidibene nokufakelwa kweziqwenga ze-endometrium (umlenze we-mucous of uterus) kwizitho zesigxina esiswini. I-Endometrium ikhona kuloo ndawo kwaye ngendlela efanayo neenguqu ze-cyclic kwi-uterus. Iyakwandisa, ibangele ukuvuvukala kunye nokukhawulwa. Kunzima kakhulu ukukhulelwa ukuba iingxaki zihambelana nokusebenza kwama-ovari okanye iibhulophe.
Ngamanye amaxesha isisombululo sokusweleka kwesikhashana sisistim e-pharmacological ezahlukeneyo esetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezininzi, ingakumbi izidalwa zokudambisa iingxaki, i-hormone, kunye ne-antibiotics kunye nama-analgesics. Phakathi kwabo yilezo ezifumaneka ngaphandle kwemithi (njenge-aspirin kunye ne-ibuprofen, ukuba ithathwa phakathi kwe-ovulation). Ngamanye amaxesha ukungabikho kwengqondo kubangelwa unyango lwe-radiation kunye neziyobisi ezichasayo ezingonakalisa iifollic.
Esinye isizathu sokungabikho kwabantwana abasetyhini, njengombandela, zikhona iingxaki ekuvelweni kwezitho zokuzala. Ezi ziquka iziphoso zomntwana zesisu kunye nesisu, kunye nazo zonke iintlobo ze-fibroids kunye nokubambelela kwangemva kwesikhumba nesisu. Ngokuqinisekileyo ufanele ukujonga ngokuthe kratya kwi-cervix. Into ebizwa ngokuba yi-infertility kubasetyhini idla ngokubandakanya utshintsho emzimbeni wesibeleko. Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo zihambelana nesimo somlomo wesibeleko. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ijoliswe kwindonga yangasemva yomfazi. Utshintsho kwisimo sikwenza kube nzima ukuqhagamshelana nomdoda wesilisa wesibeleko.
Isizathu sokungabi nantoni ngamanye amaxesha kuthungwa komlomo wesibeleko. Ichaphazela iipropathi ze-mucus yomlomo, okwenza "utshaba" lokwenene lwesidoda. Oku kudla ukuquka utshintsho kwi-asidi kunye nobukho beentlobo ezahlukeneyo zababulali besilisa. Ngenxa yoko, abanalo ithuba lokufeza injongo yabo.
Ubude bonyango
Ingqungquthela yokuba oogqirha basoloko banika abantwana kwi-tube test. Le ndlela ithathwa njengesingqinisiso. Iipilisi eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukususa izifo ezibangelwa yi-hormonal disorders, okanye ukulwa nesifo. Ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko yokunyangwa ngonyango: ngokuqhelekileyo i-laparoscopic, ivumela ukuba iphilise i-ovarian okanye i-cysts, i-cancer ye-endometrial, okanye isuse omnye umqobo kwindlela yokuzala.
Xa ukuxilongwa "kokukhubazeka komsebenzi wokubeletha" akunakubonakalisa izizathu ezibonakalayo zokungabikho komntwana, kwaye uhlobo lwenkxaso luyimfuneko (umzekelo, xa ukuzala kwangomso kuyancitshiswa ngokwemvelo ngenxa yokuguga) - kwaye kufuneka amanyathelo akhethekileyo. Umele utyelele ugqirha ukuba ukhangele ukuphumelela kwonyango. Ukuba akukho nto inceda, iindleko ezixabisekileyo zinamandla - ungathetha ngesidingo se-IVF.
Kule nqanaba, abanye oogqirha bacebisa indlela yokuchithwa kwempahla. Injoza ye-Sperm yomlingani yenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-catheter ekhethekileyo, ngqo kwi-uterus. Ixabiso elincinci ngaphezu kwe-vitro, kwaye lichanekile xa kukho iingxaki zomlomo wesibeleko kunye nesidoda somlingane. Ngexesha elifanayo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukusebenza kwayo, nangakumbi kwizifundo ezintle kakhulu, akudluli kwi-15%.
Indlela ye-IVF
Isigqibo sokusebenzisa i-vitro fertilization kufuneka sisekelwe kwi-diagnostic eyiyo. Ukuba ixesha leyonyango lidlulile umda owamkelekileyo kumaqabane, kunye nakwiimeko kunye nabasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-35, besongela ukulahleka kokuzala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, indlela ye-IVF ayikhuthazwa kwabasetyhini abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35 abanokukhubazeka nokuzala.
Le ndlela isekelwe ekukhetheni kwibhubhoratri yama-ovules angeniswe ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokufakwa kwawo kwisibeletho. Ngoko i-embryo eyenziwe ngokulungelelweyo ifakwe kwisibeleko, ngokugqithisa zonke izigaba zokuqumba komzimba. Ukusebenza kwendlela kuqikelelwa ku-30% xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yendabuko yokukhulelwa.