Ngaba ufuna ukukholisa wena kunye neentsapho zakho kunye nemifuno enomdla olutsha ngaphandle kwimiyezo? Qaphela ukukhula kwabo kwintsimi yakho! Kodwa, njengoko kwaziwa, ukuze uqokelele isivuno esihle ehlobo nasekwindla, kubalulekile ukuba usebenze engadini lonke unyaka wonke. Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ebusika, entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla?
Ubusika: ukulungiselela ixesha elizayo
Ekuqaleni konyaka, kuyafaneleka ukuzalisa iimpahla ze-agrochemicals kunye nokulungiselela imbewu yokuhlwayela. Imbewu kufuneka ihlelwe ngokugcinwa kunye nobukhulu, ifakwe i-disinfected. Ukuba awukwazi ukuba bahlala behluma, kubalulekile ukuhlola.
Xa ukhetha ukudibanisa ivenkile kwiimbewu, gcinani engqondweni ukuba iyona nto ibhetele kwaye ibiza kakhulu ngumxube we-peat ne-perlite. Ukuba kuyabiza, unokulungiselela umhlaba omnyama, apho i-50% yomxube ifakwa. Kwakhona udinga ukuthenga izitya zokutshala izityalo: ezi ziza kuzalisa iikomityi, iipilisi, ii-cassette. Konke oku kuya kuyimfuneko ekuqaleni kukaMatshi.
Spring: ukuhlwayela emhlabathini kunye nokusebenza kunye nezityalo
Iibhedi zegadi kufuneka zilungiselelwe kakade ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngokukhawuleza ngo-Matshi, ukushisa kuyashintsha ngaphezu kwemida emikhulu ebusuku nobusuku. Emini, phantsi kweemvula zelanga, ikhephu liyancibilika ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngobusuku, xa iqhwa liyabamba, iindawo ezincibilikiweyo ziyaqhwa. Ukuze ususe iqhwa kwiibhedi? Unokusasaza umlotha phezu kwalo okanye ukuwugubungela ngefilimu.
Izityalo ezinjalo ezingabandezeli njengeqholi, i-anyanisi, i-parsley, i-dill - ihlwayelwa ekuqaleni kwekhefu. Musa ukulibazisa ngokuhlwayela, ingakumbi ukuba kukho intlanzi.
Ukuhlwayela iidroti, gcinani engqondweni ukuba le nkcubeko ingahlukahluka ngokwemiqathango. Ekuqaleni kukaKwindla, hlwayela iintlobo zakudala kunye nexesha elide. Iyokuqala iya kuvelisa umkhiqizo, kwaye yesibini - ngo-Agasti nangokwindla. Ukuhlwayela ngasekupheleni kuka-Epreli kwimihlobo yokuvuthwa kwexesha elide ijoliswe ukugcinwa kwexesha elide. Ukuba awunayo izakhono zokulondoloza ngokwaneleyo, khangela imbewu kwiphepha, apho ubunzima obufunekayo sele bubekwe khona.
Iibhontshi zeetyule zihlwayelwe iintsuku eziyi-10-12 emva kweeqholi, anyanisi kunye nedill kunye neparsley. Ukuba unquma ukuhlwayela ngexesha elinye kunye namanye amasiko, ngoko kuya kuphucula ngakumbi kwaye kukhawuleza phantsi kweendawo zokukhusela, kodwa akuyimfuneko.
I-saladi kunye nesipinashi banokuhlwayelwa, kungekudala ikhephu liwa. Kuhlwayelwe phantsi kwekhava, baya kunika imveliso yangaphambili, kodwa kukho ubuqili. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukhula lukhula ngokukhawuleza lukhusele phantsi kwekhuselo. Ngoko khetha iindawo ezicocekileyo kuzo okanye ufihla kwindawo yokuhlwayela nge-agrofiber emnyama, wenze kuyo imithombo yeembewu.
Unokuqala ukulima iintlobo zeetamatati, i-aubergines kunye nepelepele sele sele iqalile ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ixesha lokugqibela kwamaqabunga (ngoMeyi 25). Ukuba isityalo senziwe ngaphambi koMatshi 20, i-rootlets yezityalo ziya kuqala ukuphuma kwiiphothi sele zivele ngeeholide zikaMeyi. Ukuba awunalo i-greenhouse, ukuhlwayelwa kuqhutywe emva koMatshi 20 ukutyala izityalo kwindawo evulekileyo emva koMeyi 25.
Ukuze ufumane izithombo, gcwalisa iakhasethi kunye nomxube womhlaba kwaye uphuthule imbewu kwi-2 cm e-depth - enye ngeseli nganye. Xa kuhluma kwenzeka rhoqo iintsuku ezingama-2-3, zijikeleze zona 90 ° ukwenzela ukuba isithombo singaphenduli ekukhanyeni. Ngelo xesha, iqondo lokushisa kufuneka linciphise ukuya ku-16-18 ° C, ukuze isitampu se-subcampus ayilula. Ngokuphathelele ukubonakala kweqabunga le-1-2-"yinyani", tshintshela amahlumela ibe yimbiza ye-peat-humus nge-0.5 liters, ukulahla iifomimandla ezibuthathaka kunye nokungapheliyo.
Ukuba une-agrofiber okanye indawo yokukhusela ifilimu, ukususela phakathi no-Apreli unokuhlwayela iifloni kunye nemigodi-ithanga, isikwashi, isikwashi. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba izimpande ezimhlophe zivela kwindawo ephantsi kwembhobho yeplastiki, izityalo zingahlonyelwa phantsi kwekhava. Khumbula ukuba i-melon ayiyikunyamezela ukulimala kweengcambu, ngoko ukufakelwa kufuneka kwenziwe kwangoko kunokwenzeka ukugcina i-coma, apho iintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuphuma kwehla ukuyeka ukunisela.
Ngo-Ephreli, ukutyala izithombo kwiindawo ezivulekile ziqala ngeklabishi ekupheleni. Ngexesha elifanayo kunye, iintlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa ziza kutsalwa phantsi kwesikolo, ngaphandle koko ziya kukhula ngokukhawuleza, zilahlekelwe yimpawu ezixabisekileyo. Izityalo ezinothando ezitshatywayo zihlonyelwe emhlabathini ekupheleni kwesithwathwa (ngoMeyi 25).
Ihlobo: ukondla, ukukhusela kunye nokuhlwayela kwakhona
Eyokuqala kwintsimi yakha iklabishi yokuqala, engasongela i-slugs. Nciphisa isityalo ngokumelene nabo naphakathi kwemigca ye-sawdust kunye ne-chaki. Kwiklabishi ephakathi kunye neyokugqibela, ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kukho ukusilela kwezinto ezinkulu kunye nezidibeneyo, amaqabunga abe yi-violet, ebonisa ukungabikho kwe-phosphorus. Apha, ukuxiliswa okongeziweyo kunye nezichumisi ezixakekileyo kuya kusebenza.
Ingxaki ebalulekileyo eyenzekayo xa kukhula iitamatisi kukukhawuleza. Okokuqala kubonakalisa ngendlela yokutshiza kwamaqabunga aphantsi, kwaye onke amaqabunga ehlathini ahlanganiswe ngamanqaku ahlaza kunye nebalaphu. Ukukhawulela okunokwenzeka kwamagqabha enamatamatya kungenxa yokungabikho kobhedu, izityalo zokutya kunye nezinto ezilandelwayo.
Ngokudibanisa iziqu zentamatyambo kwi-twine, uya kuphephelela ukuxhoma iinqonga, eziza kwenza kube lula kuwe ukulwa nokhula, i-pasynkovanie kunye nokuvuna, kunye nokuphucula ukukhanya kwesityalo. Unako ukususa amabhodlela ama-2-3 kwiitatatriya ukukhusela ukunyuka kwemoya kwindawo ephantsi. Kwisiqingatha sesibini sasehlotyeni unokuhlwayela i-Peking iklabishi, iintlobo zezityalo zekwindla. Okokuqala, izityalo zifuna ukuthambisa rhoqo kwaye zibukeka zibuthathaka, kodwa ngo-Agasti-Septemba ukukhula kwabo kuya kuba namandla ngakumbi.
Musa ukulibala ukususa ama-apidi kwizityalo. Ingabonakala ekukhuleni okubuthathaka kwamasiko kunye ne-blanching yamacembe. Khangela ngaphantsi kwamagqabantshintshi, ukuba ufumana ama-colonies of aphids apho, zama ukuchoboza iinambuzane ngeminwe yakho kuqala. Kwiindawo ezinkulu, sebenzisa i-biologics kunye neengwele.
Uhluthwa luhlwayelwa ngoAgasti. Ukunciphisa usuku lokukhanya kwakhona ludala izimo zokukhula kwalo, kuphela ngoku kulungele ukusetyenziswa kwezi ntlobo zokugqibela. Ekubeni uya kufumana israsi ekhangeleka njengama-carrots. Iindidi ezincinci zikhulu, zinamandla kwaye zinamnandi kunezo zakuqala.
Unokuhlwayela kunye nerkkola. Ngethuba lokushisa kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo okushisa, i-arugula yenza ngokukhawuleza iintolo, amaqabunga abe kakhulu kwaye anomsindo kwintetho. Ngo-Agasti, ngobusuku obubandayo, ezi ngxaki ziqala ukuphela. Kodwa nangona ufumana amaqabunga ngokukrakra, kanciphisa ngokufutshane amanzi abilayo, kwaye iya kutshabalala.
Kwindla: podzimnii ukuhlwayela kunye nokucoca kwesiza
Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutshala i-garlic yasebusika-ngoSeptemba 25, kodwa kungekudala ukukhawuleza ukwenza njalo ekuqaleni kuka-Oktobha. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwamaqabunga, uya kuba nexesha lokuthatha ingcambu. Ngaphambi kokutyala, hlela amazinyo zibe ngamaqhezu ukuze ufumane amahlumela ahambelana.
Ekupheleni kukaOktobha okanye ngasekuqaleni kukaNovemba, sebenzisa ukutsalwa kwebusika kwezityalo ezichithwe kubanda - iidroti, i-parsley, i-dill, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, i-anyanisi. Izityalo ezinjalo zifuna ubunzulu be 2-3 cm, kunye nokwanda kwama-1.5 amazinga okuhluma. Kulungile ukuhlwayela, ukulala ngokulala kwe-striae ububanzi be-4-5 cm akusiyo umhlaba okhuniweyo, kodwa i-humus isanti okanye i-peat. Khetha ixesha lembewu ukwenzela ukuba imbewu ikhule, kodwa ungayi kuhluma. Kungcono ukuhlwayela izityalo kwiinqanaba eziliqela, ngoko uya kuqonda ukuba yeyiphi ixesha eliphumelele kakhulu kwezi zilimo kwindawo ohlala kuyo.
Kwi-greenhouse, ehlanganiswe ifilimu, ixesha livaliwe ngo-Oktobha, xa ubushushu buhlahla ngezantsi + 3 ° С ebusuku. Ngamatamatati, unqumle zonke iziqhamo uze ubeke eceleni ngokwahlukileyo, obomdaka, obomvu kunye noqhekekileyo. Ukuba iitamatato zisalokhu ziluhlaza, kodwa sele zibonakalisa iimpawu zokugula, kungcono ukuba ulahleke ngokukhawuleza iifomim zizo - ziya kubola ngokukhawuleza kunokuvuthwa. Kungcono ukubeka utamatisi obomvu kunye obomvu kwindawo epholileyo, kunye nezinto eziluhlaza kwindawo efudumeleyo. Ngoko ufumana utamatisi olutsha kuze kube sekwindla. Cima izityalo kwi-twine, kungcono ukuba ungayishiyi iindlalifa zemifuno, kodwa ukuwufaka okanye ukuwushisa.
I-greenhouse engenanto ifanele ikhutshelwe i-disinfected ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-3-4, ifunwe ngeibhomu ze-sulfur. Kukwafanelekile ukwenza i-humus nokumba umhlaba kwi-greenhouse. Ungakulibala ukususa i-compound disinfactory, umzekelo we-soda kunye nokongezwa kwe-calcium okanye amanzi atyhidiweyo, izinto zangaphakathi zesakhelo. Ngokucokisekileyo ngokucokisekileyo kuyimfuneko ukususa kwiindawo ezihlala kwindawo yengca ezikufutshane nezilwanyana ezigulayo. Musa ukulibala ukususa ifilimu kwi-greenhouse ngexesha. Ukulibaziseka kungaba ngumzimba wesidumbu, xa iqhwa liwela ngokungalindelekanga.