I-avovoc: iintlobo.
Invocado "i-American Perseus". NgesiLatin, igama liyi: Pesea gratissima Gaertn okanye Pesea americana Miil. Izilwanyana zezilwanyana zifikelela ubude beemitha ezingama-20. Amagqabi anama-oval, ehlangene onke, avela phezulu asemthunzi omnyama ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwaye avela ngaphantsi kwe-blue bluish. Amaqabunga amaqabunga ama-10 cm ubude. Iintyatyambo zokukhusela ziqokelelwa kwi-inflorescences-panicle, zivela kwiintyatyambo zesini: i-stigma kunye ne-anthers abavuthanga ngexesha elinye. Iziqhamo zolu hlobo lwe-avocado zihlobene nezidakamizwa. Zikhulu, ubude bawo buba malunga no-20 cm. Umbala wabo unobuntsundu, obumnyama obomvu okanye obomvu. I-peduncle ye-avocado ifinyelela ngamasentimitha angama-35. Inyama yesiqhamo imnandi kakhulu, inqabileyo, ioli, i-yellowy-yellow-color.
Olu hlobo lwe-avocado lukhula kwiindawo ezinesimo sezulu esinyakazelayo, isityalo singatholakala kwiintaba zeentaba nakwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezingama-2400 kummandla wolwandle phakathi kweMelika naseMexico.
I-avovoc isitshixo esibalulekileyo kakhulu somthi. I-pulp yamathambo ye-avocado iqulethe malunga ne-30% yebhotela, ezininzi iivithamini, iiprotheni, iishukela. Inkcubeko inokufunyanwa kumazwe anesimo sezulu esezantsi. Iintlobo ze-avocado zikhulu kakhulu.
Kwimihlaba, ii-Antilles, i-Guatemala kunye neentlobo zaseMexico okanye iintlanga ziyahluka.
Umncintiswano ngama-antilles. Iintyatyambo zineziqhamo eziqhakaza ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya kuJuni, kunye no-Oktobha noNovemba. Amaqabunga akavumba i-anise. Isiqhamo sikhulu, sifinyelela kuma-gram ayi-600, imilo yazo ifana neyolanga, isikhumba saso siqhamo sincinci. Iziqhamo, ngokuyisiseko, zivuthwa ngeenyanga ezili-8. Unesitshixo esifutshane. Ezi zityalo zifumaneka kwiindawo ezishushu kwi-Central America.
Uhlanga lweGuatemala. Izityalo nazo azivumba i-anise. Isityalo siqhakaza ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi ukuya phakathi koJuni. Kwi-avocado kule ngqungquthela, iziqhamo nazo zinkulu, ubukhulu bayo bufikelela kuma-gram ayi-600. Ubuso babo bunzima. I-avocado yaseGuatemala ikhula eMzantsi Melika naseGuatemala. Kwiindawo zayo ezinqanda ukubandayo, isityalo sibini kuphela kwi-avocado yohlanga lwaseMexico.
Uhlanga luseMexico. Lo mqhudelwano ubonakaliswe ngemithi ephantsi, ukuphakama kwawo kukuphela kweemitha ezili-12, ngokungafanekiyo 18. Amaqabunga, xa ehluthwe, anesilwanyana esinamandla. Isityalo siqhakaza ukususela kwimini yokugqibela kaMatshi ukuya kwiintsuku zokuqala zikaJuni. Isiqhamo sinobubele besikhumba, sinama-12 cm ubude kunye no-7 cm ububanzi. Ubunzima bawo bu malunga ne-300 g. I-peduncle yinto emfutshane-ukusuka kwi-3 cm. Iziqhamo zivuthwa kwiinyanga ezimbini zokuqala zekwindla. I-avocado yaseMexico ibizwa ngokuba yizityalo eziphantsi komhlaba. Zifumaneka kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zaseMelika naseMexico.
I-avovoc: ukushiya.
I-avovocos (isityalo ngokwalo) kunzima ukuthenga kwiindawo ezizodwa, kodwa iyakhula ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwithambo elula.
Isityalo sifuna ukukhanya okupheleleyo ukukhula kwayo ngokugcwele, kodwa akufanele kuvezwe ngokucacileyo kwimisebe yelanga, ngoko kufuneka kube yinto emfutshane.
Ukuba kukho indawo eninzi yokukhululeka kunye nokukhanya, ngoko izityalo ziya kunika ukukhenkceza, kodwa kunzima ukuqhakaza. Akunjalo kwimvelo i-avocado cishe ayifuni.
Kwi-spring avocados zidinga ukushisa okuphezulu, kufuneka kube ngaphezu kweqondo lokushisa. Ngekwindla nobusika, ukushisa okulungileyo kakhulu kuya kuba ngama-20 degrees. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa lihla ukuya kumadiresi angama-12, i-avocado ingalahla amaqabunga.
Ngentwasahlobo nehlobo, xa isityalo se-avocado siqala ixesha lokutya, kufuneka liphuze kakuhle. Ebusika nasekwindla, manzi amanzi emva kwezinto eziphezulu zomhlaba ebhodweni elomileyo elomileyo.
I-avovoc isityalo esidinga umswakama ophezulu. Kufuneka ifakelwe rhoqo, ngakumbi ngexesha lokufudumala. Amanzi akufanele abe kubanda. Ukwandisa umswakama, unokubeka ibhodlo le-avocado kwi-pallet eneentlanzi, udongwe olwandisiweyo kunye ne-moss emanzi. Kodwa umgangatho awufanele ufikelele emanzini.
Ngentwasahlobo kunye nehlobo, kufuneka kudliwe emva kweeveki ezimbalwa kunye nezichumisi ze-organic and mineral fertilizers. Ebusika nasekwindla, xa kukho ixesha lokuphumla, akufuneki ukuba londle.
Nangona isityalo sincinane, i-avocados kufuneka ifakwe rhoqo ngonyaka. Izityalo zabantu abadala ziyakhiwa, ngokuqinisekileyo, kaninzi. Umhlaba wenziwe ngomxube we-humus, i-turf nesihlabathi. Umhlaba we-sod kufuneka ube kabini mkhulu njengamanye amacandelo.
Ezi ntlobo zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ufuna iimbiza ezinkulu.
Ukunciphisa ukulungiswa kwangaphakathi kungahlonywa kwithambo, kunye ne-vegetative budding.
I-avovoc: ukuveliswa ngokusebenzisa imbewu.
Khetha kuphela imbewu entsha. Sigcwalisa ibhodwana nge-substrate yomhlaba, senza ukujulisa, sibeka imbewu, kodwa phezulu kwayo akufanele ibe ngaphantsi kwezinga lomhlaba. Gubungela phezulu ngentonga yeglasi okanye iplastiki, uyibeke ekukhanyeni, kodwa ukuze kungabikho ukukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo. Gcina izinga lokushisa malunga nama-degrees angama-21, moisten i-substrate kunye nomoya kwigumbi.
Xa kuvela amahlumela, sisusa i-cap, xa amahlumela eqina, kufuneka adibaniswe.
I-avovocado: ukuveliswa kwindlela yokuhlahlela.
Le ndlela isetyenziselwa entwasahlobo (kwiimbewu ezineminyaka emi-2 kunye neliso lokuhluma) okanye ehlobo (iliso lokulala). Izityalo azitshitshisiwe ngama-cuttings, kuba ziphantse zingathathi ingcambu.
Ezi zityalo eziye zazisakazwa yimbewu ziqala ukuqhakaza iminyaka eyi-8, kunye neengqungquthela - ezine.
Iingxaki ezinokuvela.
Ngokuqhelekileyo iingcebiso zamagqabi ziguqulwa, zize zibomvu kwaye zijikeleze. Oku kungenxa yomoya omile, ngoko kufuneka bafakwe, ikakhulukazi ngexesha lokufudumala. Isityalo singenako ukunyusa okwaneleyo, ngoko kufuneka kusetshenziswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye kuninzi.
Amaqabunga angatshintshela kwaye awele ngenxa yokulimala kwesicangci.
Amaqabunga amacwecwe, alahlekelwe ngumbala. Ngoko mhlawumbi ngenxa yokungafi. Kubalulekile ukulungiswa kwinqanaba lokukhanya. Ebusika, isityalo singadinga ukukhanyisa.