I-Strawberries yintsimi ekhule kakhulu kwaye ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwimiyezo yethu. Akuyona nje into enhle kakhulu, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu njengemveliso yokutya kunye neyokutya. Indlela yokukhulisa i-strawberries engadini yakho? Unokwenza njani ukuba uvelise ukususela entwasahlobo ukuya kwiqhwa? Konke kuxhomekeke ekuhambeni kokuchanekileyo. Le nkcubeko inokukhula kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Ukutyala ama-strawberries
Ukutshala i-strawberries ekwindla okanye entwasahlobo kufuneka ususe indawo emnyama yamacembe, kwaye ushiye kuphela umncinci omncinane nomncinci. Ukuba oku kungenziwanga, izityalo ziya kutshabalala - ziya kumile. Le yona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye isasazeka ngokufa kwembewu.
Xa kutyalwe, ukuba ukufudumala kwemoya kuncinci, ukuphefumula kokunyamezeka kukuncinci. Ngalesi sikhathi, makususwe kuphela amaqabunga owomileyo, abonakalisiweyo kunye nezifo. Phakathi komhlaba kunye nendawo engaphantsi komhlaba yenkcubeko kukho ukutshintshisiswa kwezinto ezinomsoco kwaye ezinomsebenzi, ezo izityalo zifuna kakhulu, nangona ziqhwala. Ukuba vyvyvazhivaet i-strawberries ngasekupheleni kwekwindla, musa ukususa onke amaqabunga, enye iya kufa.
Kuzo naziphi na izityalo zengcambu zingavalwa kwaye zivule. Iinkqubo zengcambu ezivaliweyo (kunye nenca yomhlaba, kwiibhotile, iikomityi) inezinga lokusinda kwi-100%. I-Strawberries eneenkqubo ezinzileyo ezincinci, ezichaphazeleka zizifo, ziqheleke ngakumbi, ndiyidla enamandla kwaye iphilile. Ukutshala ngekwindla yokuqala kuncono kunokutshala entwasahlobo. Ekwindla, izithombo zinamandla kakhulu, zikhula kakuhle, ngoko ukuvuna kuphakama ngaphambili nangaphambili.
Ukutshala okufanelekileyo kwe-strawberry
I-teknoloji efanelekileyo yezolimo inendima enkulu ekutyaleni. Ingcambu ye-cervix ifanele ibekwe kumgangatho nomhlaba. Ukuba uyitshala ngokujulile, ngoko xa utyisa izithixo, intliziyo (ukukhula kwinqanaba) iya kukhukhula, kwaye ukuba uthela enye encinane, iya kukhula ingcambu. Kuzo zombini imeko, isityalo sinokufa. Ngenxa yoko, kuyimfuneko ukucubungela umhlaba (ukumba, ukulima) kwiiveki ezingama-2-3 ngaphambi kokufika, ukuze umhlaba uhlanganiswe, kwaye kwakunokwenzeka ukubala ubunzulu bokutyala. Ukuba umhlaba ukhululekile, ngoko ngaphambi kokutyala kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa, ngoko unciphisa ingozi yokuphuka kweengcambu ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa komhlaba.
Emva koko, kufuneka uqikelele ukuba ukuze uphumelele kakuhle kwezityalo, ukunyusa kuyimfuneko. Ekuqaleni (10-15-15), umswakama womhlaba kufuneka ube ngu-100%. Kule nto kufuneka uhlale uyipolisa. Kuya kuba lula xa ufaka inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela. Xa amaqabunga aqala ukwandisa ngamandla, ukucwiliswa kuncitshiswa, kodwa omnye akufanele avumele umhlaba ukuba wome.
Indlela yokuququzelela ukusinda kwezithombo ngepropati evulekile?
Kubaqalayo, azinalimi kwindawo ehleliweyo, kodwa isikolo esikolweni, isicwangciso sakhe si-5-15 cm ngokulandelana kunye no-20-30 cm phakathi kwemigca. Emva koko, setha isakhelo uze ugobe ngefilimu. Ewe, ukuba indawo ilanga ilanga, ukwenzela ukuba izityalo zingapheli kwilanga. Ngendawo enjalo, kulula ukunyamekela. Kulesi sikolo, izityalo kufuneka zihlale iiveki ezingama-2-3. Ngeli xesha iingcambu zabo ziya kuhlaziywa kwaye amaqabunga amasha aya kubonakala. Emva koko bemba nge-clod yomhlaba kwaye batyalwe kwindawo ehleliweyo ecwangcisiweyo. Emva kokutshala, kufuneka uncede izityalo ziphuhlise kakuhle kwaye zivelise isivuno. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukunyamekela - ukuthambisa, ukukhulula umhlaba, ukondla nokulwa kunye nezibilini nezifo.
Ukucoca ama-strawberries
Xa isityalo sikhula kuphela kwaye sikhula amajikijolo kufuneka sitshulwe, kodwa xa amaqabunga avuthwa ukuba amanzi awanqweneli, kuba ngenxa yobuncutheko obuninzi amajikijolo abe ngamanzi kwaye alahlekelwe yintliziyo. NgoJuni, ama-strawberries afinyelela ekuphakeni kobubele bawo, bavame ukuvuthela umoya omile kwaye ukushisa komoya kuphezulu. Ngoko iiveki ezimbalwa iingcawa zinomileyo, ngoko isivuno siya kuncipha. Kule meko, kufuneka usebenzise amanzi emva kokuvuna. Iintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba kubanjwe ukuqokelela amajikijolo kufumana umxholo wabo ushukela.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-strawberry
Ubume obaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso ephezulu yondlo lomhlaba. Ngokuxhomekeke kumhlobo womhlaba wokumba, i-60-70 g ye-superphosphate, i-25-30 ye-gheeel fertilizer, i-7-9 kg ye-compost okanye i-peregrivshego umgquba ngamnye kumitha eyi-1 ingeniswa. Kubalulekile ukwenza le nyanga 2.5-3 ngaphambi kokutyala ama-strawberries.
I-Strawberries ayinyamezeli i-chlorine, iindleko ezinkulu ze-fertilizer zamaminerali kunye nomgquba omtsha. Ukuze ufumane isivuno esihle, abaninzi abanempilo bazenza kuphela umququzeleli wokutsala kwaye bangasondli omnye umhlaba iminyaka emithathu yokusebenza.
Kwixesha ngalinye lokuphuhlisa i-strawberry idinga izondlo ezahlukeneyo. Ngentwasahlobo, i-nuzhenazot, xa ityatyambo, ifuna i-phosphorus, xa i-berries ikhula, kukho isidingo sokuqumba, kunye nokuwa.
Ngokuqhelekileyo sichitha isibini esicoca ngokucoca ngamaminerali. Impembelelo ebalulekileyo kwiintlobo ze-strawberries ze-foliar kunye neengubo zokugqoka. Umquba wokucoca uzisa umhlaba ngomgangatho owomileyo okanye kumanzi (ukuthambisa izihlahla phantsi kweengcambu). Ukuze ungatshitshisi iingcambu, umququzeleli otywala kufuneka usetyenziswe kumhlaba omanzi. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwefestile kuhlanjululwa kumaqabunga okutshala kunye nezichumisi ezichithwa ngamanzi. Amagqabi amanzi akudingeki ukuba azaliswe. Kukulungele ukupasa izityalo ngokuhlwa, ukuze isisombululo sihlale ixesha elide kumaqabunga.
Isicwangciso sokuhlaselwa komhlaba
Okubaluleke kakhulu kukuhlelwa kwezicwangciso. Konke kuxhomekeke kubukhulu besayithi, iinjongo kunye neenjongo zokulima. Ihlathi le-strawberry likhula ngokunyanisekileyo iminyaka 2-3. Emva koko akuyi kuvelisa iziqhamo ezinjalo.
Ukuba ukhula iminyaka engama-2, ke kufuneka bafakwe kwi-20-25 cm ngaphandle kohlu lwe-30 cm.
Ukuba ukhula iminyaka engama-3, umgama wokuhamba umgca kufuneka ukwandiswe ngo-10 cm, kwaye uhlu lokwahlula ngo-15 cm.
Abanye abalimi bachitha ixesha elilodwa lokukhula, ngonyaka batyala izityalo ezintsha. Ngoko unako ukutyala iifutha ezingama-50 ngeemitha ezili-1 nganye.
Ngomnye umyezo wegadi kufuneka akhululeke ukunyamekela ama-strawberries, kwaye isityalo kufuneka sibe nesithuba esaneleyo sokukhula, ukuvelisa nokutya.
Isizathu sokuguga ukukhula kukuthi unyaka ngamnye inani leentliziyo landa, kwaye ingcambu ihlala yodwa. Ngaphezu koko, umdala osekuhlaleni, ophakamileyo uphezulu ngaphezu komhlaba, kwaye oku kukhawuleza ukuguga kwaye kunciphise inkqubo yengcambu. Ukunciphisa le nkqubo, kuyimfuneko ngethuba elinye ukucoca amahlathi okuphuma kumnyaka wokuqala wokuhlahlela kude kube ngumzuzu owubuyisela kuyo imbewu entsha. Ukuqhawula i-Hilling kuvumela ukuba ingcambu ikhule kumaphuzu amatsha okukhula, kwaye inkqubo yengcambu ikhula kwaye ikhule. Inombolo kunye nobuninzi bamajikijolo ziya kwandisa ngokwemvelo, oko kuthetha ukuba isiqithi singasetyenziswa ixesha elide.
Fruiting strawberries
Indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni i-strawberries isisityalo. Ukuba enye inkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko efanayo ixesha elide likhulile kwisiqhamo esisodwa semhlaba, iintlobo ezinambuzane zihlonyelwe kuyo, izifo ziqokelelwa kwaye imvelaphi echaphazelayo iyanda. Ngenxa yoko, isityalo siya kuchitha ixesha elininzi kunye nomgudu wokulwa nezi zifo, kodwa kunokukhokelela ukuchumisa. Ngoko ke, ngezikhathi ezithile, kubalulekile ukutshintsha umhlaba kwizityalo. Ukuba ngokufanelekileyo ukunyamekela ama-strawberries, imvelaphi echaphazelayo iya kuqokelela ngokukhawuleza kwaye kuya kwenzeka ukuba ikhule ixesha elide kwindawo enye.
I-Strawberries inokukhula ixesha elide kunye nenkqubo ye "Frigo". Ukususela kwiiseli, izinto ezingenagciwane zingakhula kwaye zigcinwe kwiqrijini kuze kube yintsasa. Ngentwasahlobo ityathwa kwaye ityalwe emhlabeni. Emva kweentsuku ezingama-65-85, xa isityalo sakhula kwaye sazisa isivuno, sitshabalaliswa kwaye sahlanjwa. Ngoko ukuphumla kwentwasahlobo ezayo. Izifo kunye nezinambuzane azihlangani, ngenxa yokuba abananto ebusika, kuba akukho nto yokutya. Ukuba kunjalo ukhula i-strawberries, ngoko umhlaba uhlala ucocekile ixesha elide, kwaye izondlo zihlala zide.