Iintlobo.
Kwinkcubeko kukho iintlobo ezininzi zepelepele: i-angular (okanye i-Periuan S. angulosum), i-pubescent (S. S. pubescens), i-conicalum okanye iColombia (S. conicum). I-Cucicum frutescens, iCapsicum longum, isiTshayina (iCapsicum sinense), amahlamvu okanye unyaka owodwa (S. annuum), efunyenwe kakhulu. Ukuthetha ngepilisi yokuhlobisa, kudla ngokufuneka ukuba ugcine engqondweni yeKapsicum annuum. Ipepper yasekhaya ejongene nomhlaba ithathwa njengeMzantsi ne-Central America. Iintlobo ezinobungozi kunye neentlobo ezinobumnandi bepilisi ziyahlukahlukana komnye nomxholo we-capsaicin alkaloid kwi-placentas yazo. I-alkaloid capsaicin inquma ukuvutha kwesiqhamo. Iintlobo zepipper ekubunjweni kwayo zinenani elikhulu levithamini C (ngokuluhlaza malunga ne-270 mg%, ekukhuliseni malunga ne 480 mg%). Ngalolu lathisi, iipropper ziphakamileyo kuzo zonke izityalo zemifuno. Ukongezelela, ukubunjwa kwepilisi kubandakanya inani elikhulu le-carotene, i-rutin, ioli kunye ne-ushukela.
Ukunyamekelwa kwesityalo.
Zendlu? Iipilisi zokuhlobisa zithanda ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ziyakwazi ukuthwala imisebe eqinileyo yelanga, kodwa kwixesha lekwindla-ntwasahlobo, izityalo zifuna ukuthungatha ukukhusela. Ehlobo, isityalo sinokukhishwa kwi-penumbra evulekileyo.
Ekwindla nasebusika, isityalo sifuna ukukhanyisa okunzulu, ukukhanya okongeziweyo, ukuba oko kungenziwanga, isityalo siya kwandula kwaye silahlekelwe yimbonakalo yayo yokuhlobisa.
Ukukhulisa ezi zityalo zangaphakathi kufuneka zibe kwigumbi elinamaqondo atshisayo aphantsi (ama-20 ukuya kuma-25 e-degrees - oku kukushisa kwe-year-round). Igumbi apho izityalo zikhulile kufuneka zitshatyalaliswe rhoqo, njengokuba ipilisi ibekezela ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba akukho nto ekhoyo ekwindla nasebusika ukubonelela ngesityalo ngokukhanyisa okongeziweyo, ngoko kufuneka igcinwe kwiqondo lokushisa lika-15 ° C.
Ngethuba lekwindla-ntwasahlobo, isityalo kufuneka sityiliswe ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba uhla oluphezulu lomhlaba lulole. Emva koko ukuthambisa kuncitshiswa kwaye kuya kuba ngumlinganiselo. Ukunisela kuqhutywa ngamanzi ahlala elula, ukushisa okumele kufutshane neqondo lokushisa. Isityalo sithanda ukutshiza imihla ngemihla, kwaye kukho ukuphakama okukhulu. Ukutshiza kuqhutyelwa ngamanzi athobileyo rhoqo.
Ukubambisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kukuqinisekisa ukuba isityalo siya kuthwala isiqhamo esininzi. Ukuququzelela iiphelo zamasebe kwenziwa kwithuba apho i-ovari yokuqala ivela khona.
Ukuprintwa kwenziwa kuphela xa ipilisi ikhulile njengexesha elingapheliyo. Amahlumela anqunywe ubuncinci ubude obude. Ukuprining kuphucula iinkqubo zokukhula. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izityalo ezikhulayo azikhuli amagatsha, kufuneka zixhaswe.
Ukufaka umquba ngexesha lokusasa kwentwasahlobo lwenziwa ngumququzelelo olunzima, kanye emva kweentsuku ezili-14, emva kokunciphisa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko apho ipilisi yokuhlobisa igcinwa ebusika, kuya kuxhomekeka kwimizuzu emininzi ofuna ukuyifaka. Ukuba akukho nto ibonakalayo, isityalo asiyondli konke, nakwezinye iimeko, ukuba kukho ukukhanya emva kweentsuku ezingama-21.
Iipilisi zokucwenga zokutshintshela entwasahlobo, ngonyaka, ngelixa zisusa umhlaba omdala kwaye zizalise enye entsha. Sakhetha i-substrate: 1 inxalenye yamagqabi kunye nomhlaba we-sod, peat, 1/4 inxalenye yesihlabathi. Umzantsi webhodini uxhotyiswe ngamanzi amaninzi. Isityalo sinokutshintshwa kunye ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umngcipheko wokulimaza kakhulu ingcambu kwinkqubo, ngoko ke le sityalo ifuna ukunakekelwa ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuzaliswa kwepepper yokuhlobisa.
Ukuveliswa kwembewu.
Imbewu ye-pepper ebabayo okanye enothekayo idibene ngeyure enye kwisisombululo esibuthathaka se-potassium permanganate. Imbewu inokuthi ifakwe ngosuku kwisicombululo se-epine (esekelwe ngamaconsi angu-4 e-epine nge-100ml yamanzi). Yaye unako ukuhluma kwendwangu emanqabileyo, kule meko imbewu ihlwayelwe emhlabeni emva nje kokuba iingcambu zivele. Emva kokugubha, ungasifaka ngokukhawuleza kwisitya, ukushisa kwigumbi kufuneka kube ubuncinane 22 o C.
Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba imbewu ikhuphuke emphakathini we-substrate, akukhuthazwa ukuba utshintshe izinga lokushisa lomoya kunye nendawo evamile, oku kunokunciphisa ukukhula kwabo. Ubomi kunye nekhwalithi yecalafuthi inokuchaphazela nokukhula kwembewu yokuhluma.
Ukuhlaliswa kwepelepele, i-substrate elandelayo ifanelekile: i-substrate ekulungeleyo i-pepper kunye netamatato ixutywe kunye ne-vermiculite kunye nesihlabathi. Olu hlobo lugcwele amandla, ngoko-substrate iyanamanzi, imbewu imiselwe kwiiseli kunye nokubunjwa komhlaba kuthululwa phezulu. Ubunzulu bokungena kufuneka bube bubungakanani obulinganayo nobubanzi bombewu.
Iipilisi zomgca zingakhula ngaphandle kokukhetha okulandelayo. Ungawahambisa, kodwa kuphela xa kukho amaqabunga angama-1-2. Xa ukhetha, gcwalisa ibhodwana nge-substrate, u-compact it, yenza i-groove emhlabathini uze ufake imbewu apho, umgudu kufuneka ube, ngaphandle kokubopha. Xa iingcambu zide kakhulu, i-pinching yenziwe. Emva koko umkhonkwane ofanayo kwingxowa kufuneka ucinezele. Emva kokutshala, isitya kunye nesityalo kufuneka sigcinwe phantsi kokukhanya kwe-fluorescent.
Ukuzaliswa ngokucinywa.
Ngethuba lehlobo lehlobo, ukuveliswa kwenzelwa ngama-cuttings atyalwe kwi-perlite okanye isanti, okanye kumxube kunye ne-peat (ithathwe ngokulinganayo). Njengoko isityalo sithathile ingcambu, kufuneka sitshintshwe kwisitya esizaliswe ngumhlaba esakhiweyo ukusuka kwelinye inxalenye yomhlaba we-turf, enye inxanxathela yesanti, iindawo ezimbini ze-humus. Xa isityalo sityalwe, kufuneka sikhutshwe. Ehlobo, isityalo kufuneka sinqunywe ngamaxesha amaninzi, ngaloo ndlela kukhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa.
Ubunzima obunokwenzeka.
- Zincinci izithelo. Kule meko, unokuzama ukuveliswa kweentyantyambo zeentyantyambo, usebenzisa ibhulashi elithambileyo.
- Isityalo sithwala izithelo kunye namaqabunga ebusika. Isizathu sifudumala nesomileyo somxholo.
- Isityalo sahlaselwa ngumsila obomvu. Isizathu somoya omile kakhulu.
- Yonakaliswe: isicangca, i-aphids, i-whitefly.