Sonke siye sabona umlotha, ohlala emva komthi ovuthayo. Uninzi lwabafazi, ukukhula kwezityalo zangaphakathi kunye nezadini, sebenzisa umlotha njengamaminerali. Kwaye akumangalisi, kuba umlotha ngowona manzi ohlaza. Kodwa ngaba uthuli lomthi lwezityalo luncedo?
Ukubunjwa kunye nexabiso le-ash
I-Ashi yinxalenye engeyiyo ifuthayo ye-mineral almixtures zezityalo ezinobisi okanye imithi ngexesha lokutsha. Kule nxu lumene, umlotha uhlukaniswe ngothixo kunye nomlotha wemifuno. Eyona nto ibhetele ithathwa njengothuli lomthi. I-ash ithathwa njengento efanelekileyo ye-alkaline-potassium-phosphorus. Ukwakhiwa komlotha kubandakanya i-potassium carbonate, i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-zinc, ithusi, isulfure kunye ne-nitrogen. Umyinge wezinto ezincedo zixhomekeke kwizinto ezibonakalayo: kumlotha womdiliya, izityalo zepatata kunye neziqu zelanga lafikelela kwi-40% ye potassium. Kwi-ash ash of species, malunga ne-30% ye-calcium, kwi-conifer yomlotha, ukuya kwi-7% ye-phosphorus. Khumbula: kumlotha wezityalo ze-potassium ezinomsoco, ngaphezu kweenkuni, kodwa i-phosphorus e-ash ash ingaphantsi kwe-potassium. Kwi-ash ash peat kukho ininzi ye-lime kunye ne-potassium encinane kakhulu. Umlo onjalo ungasetyenziselwa nje njengesichumisi sokubala ukwenzela ukunciphisa u-asidi.
Inzuzo yomlotha wezityalo zasendlini kunye negadi yilapho i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium ezikuyo zixutywa kakuhle yizityalo. Kwakhona, akukho chlorine kwi-ash. Ngenxa yoko, ingasetyenziselwa izityalo ezibuhlungu kakhulu kule nxalenye kwaye ziphendule kakubi kuyo. Ezi zizityalo ezinjengama-raspberries, i-currants, i-strawberries, iidiliya, izithelo ze-citrus, ii-litate kunye nabanye.
Kuba yintoni umhlabathi owusizo owusizo
I-ash ihle kakhulu kwi-acidic, ne-neutral, i-sod-podzolic, i-gray grey, i-bog-podzolic kunye nenhlabathi. Izimo ezifanelekileyo zidalwa ukukhula kunye nophuhliso lwezityalo: ngokukhawuleza zithatha ingcambu ngexesha lokutshintshwa kwaye zigula. Ngaloo xesha, umlotha awugcini nje ukuzisa i-micronutrients efanelekileyo kumhlaba, kodwa uphinde uthuthukise isakhiwo sawo, unciphisa ubudibene bawo. Kufuneka ifakwe kwihlabathi elinzima ekwindla nakusentwasahlobo, kunye nasemiphungeni (isanti kunye nesihlabathi esinesihlabathi) - kuphela entwasahlobo. Fundisa malunga nama-200 amagremu nganye kwisilinganisi semitha.
Ungafaki umlotha ngomhlaba nge-pH ye-7 okanye ngaphezulu: umlotha ukhuthaza ukuphendula kwe-alkaline yesigcawu. Khumbula: ukuba umhlaba uqukethe i-lime, kodwa i-potassium encinci kunye ne-phosphorus, akunakwenzeka ukwenza umlotha ngobuninzi. Ekubeni kulo mhlaba umhlaba uza kuphuculwa ngakumbi kunye ne-lime. Impembelelo yomlotha emva kokufaka isicelo emhlabathini uhlala kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwe-4.
Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kwifom eyomileyo
Gcina umlotha kwiingxowa zeplastiki kwindawo eyomileyo, ngoko kuya kugcina zonke izinto eziwusizo. Ukuze ukwandise iinzuzo zokhuni lomthi, kufuneka ulungise kakuhle. I-teaspoon e-1 iqulethe i-2 g yomlotha, 6 g kwisipuni 1, i-100 g kwi-1 iglasi, i-250 g kwisitya se-litre-lita, i-500 g kwisitya se-1-litre.
I-ash ash ehlobo lomshanga, ikakhulukazi i-birch kunye ne-aspen, yinto ebalulekileyo kakhulu kulabo ababandakanyekayo kwi-floriculture. Amacandelo amalahle kunye nobubanzi be-0.8 - 1 cm anconywa ukuba afakwe kwi-substrate ye-orchids, i-aroids, i-cacti kunye ne-succulents (u-3 ukuya ku-8% womthamo we-substrate). Kusuka kumalahle, i-substrate iya kukhululeka kwaye amanzi angaphepheka. Kwakhona, amalahle yi-antiseptic ephezulu kakhulu, ikhusela iingcambu ekuhleni. Ubuncwane bamalahle angasetyenziselwa ukuphatha amanxeba ezityalo.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izityalo zendlu, kucetyiswa ukuba ungeze i-ash emgceni kunye nokudibanisa kakuhle nomhlaba. I-Ashi iyimpompo efanelekileyo kwixesha elikhulayo. Ezinye iziphakamiso zokusetyenziswa:
• Ukulungiselela iikomkom, umlotha kufuneka udibaniswe rhoqo iintsuku ezili-10 ukusuka kwiimvula, ukufefa umhlaba ngomlinganiselo we-1 iglasi nganye nge-1 sq.m.
• Beka iipunipoli ze-1 - 2 zomlotha we-seedling okanye 1 iglasi nganye nge-1 sq. M phantsi kwe-zucchini kunye ne-squash. xa umba umbhede.
• Kwiitamatato, umlotha uqaliswa entwasahlobo ngexesha lokulungiselelwa komhlaba ngomlinganiselo wee-2/3 zeekhephe kwi-1 sq.m. Phakathi koJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, isiqingatha seglasi ye-ash ngomitha wesikwere sisetyenziselwa umhlaba.
• Yenza umlotha wepilisi xa udibanisa iziqhamo, ufefe umhlaba ngomlinganiselo we-1 iglasi nganye nge-1 sq.m.
• Iipilisi zepatato zicetyiswa iintsuku ezingama-30 ngaphambi kokutyala umlotha othuliweyo, kwaye xa zityalwe emingxeni, zityhala emanzini amaninzi.
• 1 isipuni se-ash nge 1 sq.m.
• I-100 - 200 g ye-ash nge-1 sq. M. Ifakwe kwi-beet, turnip and radish.
• I-strawberry, i-raspberries kunye neentyantyambo, i-100 g yomlotha nge-1 sq.m.
I-Ashi iyakunceda kakhulu iireries kunye neepum. Kule nto, kanye emva kweminyaka emine, kufuneka uyondle ngomlotha. Ngomlinganiselo wesithsaba, imithi ivaliwe ngodonga malunga no-15 cm, umlotha uphelelwe kuwo, okanye uthululwa ngomlotha. Yilungiselelwe ngalolu hlobo lulandelayo: 2 iikomityi zomlotha zityhala elinye ibhakethi lamanzi. Idibaniso ngokukhawuleza lifafazwe ngomhlaba. Umthi omdala udinga malunga no-2 kg we-ash. "Uthande" umlotha kunye nemifudo ye-currant emnyama. Kunconywa ukwenza ezintathu iikomityi zomlotha phantsi kwelinye iqela kwaye unqabise ngokukhawuleza emhlabathini. Ngendlela, i-ash ivuna i-slugs kunye nemiski. Ukwenza oku, usasaze umlotha owomileyo kwiimpawu kunye neenxa zonke zezityalo apho zihlala khona. Ukuba kukho iifubhi, kubalulekile ukufefa umhlaba phantsi kweentlobo ze-gooseberries kunye ne-currants ngomlotha.
I-Ash infusions
I-ash infusion isetyenziselwa ukutshala izityalo. Lungisa ukunyuswa komlotha ukuze: i-100 - 150 g yomlotha kufuneka ithululelwe ngebhakethi enye yamanzi kwaye igxininise malunga neveki, ukuxubusha ngezihlandlo: izinto ezincedo ezisuka kwi-ash ziyakudlula kalula emanzini. Ukukhulelwa kwamanzi kwandiselela izityalo, kusetyenziswa njengesichumisi. Isisombululo kufuneka sihlale sishukunyiswa, sityhala kwi-grooves for tomatoes, ukhukhamba, iklabishi. Isiqhelo sinombitha wesiqingatha somxube ngamnye kwisityalo. Emva koko, kuyimfuneko ukuyizalisa ngokukhawuleza ngomhlaba.
Unokulungiselela isisombululo se-ash-soap. Kuthathwa njengento yonke, ukukhusela nokukhusela-izondlo. Ngenxa yoko kuyimfuneko ukucoca u-3 kg we-ash, uthele i-10 litres zamanzi ashushu, ugxininise iintsuku ezimbini. Emva koko, udibanise 40 g yesepha, ngaphambili uhlanjululwe kwincinci yamanzi ashushu. Ungongeza kwakhona izichumisi zamaminerali. Esi sisombululo kufuneka sitshathwe izityalo ngokuhlwa kusimo esomileyo. Faka izihlandlo eziliqela nganye ngexesha ngalinye kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-14.
Umlotha omanzi
Uthulo lunokuthi lube neentyantyambo eziciniweyo (i-lunaria, i-vespers, i-alissum) kunye nezinye izityalo (iklabishi, isithombo, isithombo, i-anyanisi, i-watercress). Le ndlela inceda ukuqhuba iindiza, ngokukodwa, i-khabichi fly, i-cruciferous flea i-anyanisi, ivela kwizityalo entwasahlobo. Ukuthungca ngomthunzi wokhuni kwenziwa ngale ndlela. Thatha ingenanto engenanto okanye iplastiki inokuthi, imingxuma emininzi yenziwe ngezantsi, ize ithululelwe kwintonga yomlotha kwaye, idibanise phezu kwezityalo, iwagubungele ngothuli othuliweyo. Ukunyusa kufuneka kwenziwe kwangoko ekuseni. Umthi kunye neentlobo zomlotha zihamba ngokukhawuleza kunye nokubola kwi-strawberries. Ngethuba lokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo atyhula imifuno ngesilinganiso se-10-15 amagremu we-ash nge-bush. Ukupilisa kufuneka kuphindwephindwe kabini ama-2 ukuya kwe-3, kodwa umlotha uthathwa u-5 ukuya kwi-7 g nganye. Umlotha unakho ukunyanzelwa impova ngeembhedeni zepatata: izibungu ze-Colorado beetle zibhubha ngokupheleleyo.
Ukunyuka
Kwisisombululo se-ash ash, kucetyiswa ukuba udibanise imbewu imbewu yama-5 ukuya kwi-6 iiyure. Ukuhlamba okunjalo kuya kuba luncedo kumaqabunga, ipilisi, utamatisi, ukhukhamba nezinye izityalo. 20 g ye-ash idibanisa 1 litre yamanzi kunye ne-drain.
Yintoni enokuyenza kwaye ayikwazi ukuyenza ngomlotha
I-ash ash ayiyona imxube elula, njengoko ingathi ibonakala kuqala. Kumele kusetyenziswe ngokwemiqathango yonke:
• Musa ukuxuba i-ash kunye ne-nitrogen fertilizer, i-superphosphate, i-phosphorite ufulawa, i-lime, umquba, i-nitrate i-ammonium, i-urrea kunye neentaka zeentaka. Kule meko, ukuya kwisiqingatha se-nitrogen ilahlekile. Ubuncinane inyanga kamva, iifotrogen ze-nitrojeni kufuneka zisetyenziswe emhlabathini emva kokusetyenziswa komlotha.
• Akukho ngaphaya kwe-8% yesisindo se-superphosphate sinokungeniswa kwindonga yomthi kwi-superphosphate.
• Umlotha okhuni akufanele utyhathwe njengesiqhumiso. Ngokwandisa ukuphendula kwe-alkaline yomhlaba, umlotha uya kuvimba ukufikelela kwezityalo kwizinto ezincedo emhlabeni.
• Ukuba umlotha ovela kwi-peat unomlilo, awukwazi ukuwufaka emhlabathini. Ngomthunzi onjalo kuya kuba neyinyithi eninzi, eyokunciphisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-phosphorus.
• I-Ash ingasetyenziselwa kunye ne-humus, umquba okanye i-peat.
• I-Ash ayifanele ingeniswe kwintsimi yezityalo ezikhetha u-acidity we-substrate (azaleas, camellias, i-rhododendron, iintlanga).
• Umlotha kufuneka ungcwatyelwe emhlabathini ubuncinane ubuncinane obu-8 ukuya kwi-10 cm, njengokuba ushiywe phezulu, ubumba umqolo onobungozi kwizityalo kunye nomhlaba ngokwawo.
• I-1 kg yomlotha wokhuni ithatha indawo engama-220 g we-superphosphate enegranular, i-500 g ye-lime kunye ne-240 g ye-chloride ye-potassium.
Ukulandela ezi ngcebiso, inzuzo evela kumthi womthi izityalo iya kukhuliswa.