Ukuphendula ngokuqhelekileyo
Amasosha omzimba phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo akhusela umzimba kwiibhaktheriya, ii-virus, i-toxins kunye neeseli zesifo. Ukuqhagamshelana kokuqala kunye nenye yeenkunkuma ezinobungozi (i-antigen) kubangela ukuveliswa kwee-antibodies eziqaphelayo nokutshabalalisa ama-antigens kumnxeba ngamnye olandelayo. Le ndlela iyaziwa ngokuba yi-antigen-antibody reaction.
Indlela yokuphendula
Ngendlela yokusabela, iimeko ezifanayo zivela:
- Ukuqhagamshelana kokuqala (ukusondeza) kunye ne-allergen (antigen), umzekelo we-pollen;
- ukuveliswa kwee-antibodies;
- ukuqaliswa kweeseli zamathambo ngokukhululwa kwe-histamine;
- Impendulo ye-histamine eyenza ukuvuvukala nokuphuhliswa kweempawu zokungabikho komzimba.
Atopy
Ngamanye amaxesha akunakwenzeka ukuseka isizathu esona siphumo esiphezulu. Kwamanye abantu, ukungabikho komzimba kunganyaniswa neemeko ezahlukeneyo zesifo. Kule meko, thetha nge-atony, enxulumene nesimo esiza kukufa. Ukongezelela kwimiba eninzi yeempendulo, i-atopics ihlala ihlanjululwa yi-bronchial asthma kunye / okanye i-eczema. Njengoko i-allergen ingenza izityalo zepollen, uthuli, ukutya kunye namayeza, iinwele zezilwanyana, izilwanyana ezinambuzane, izimonyo kunye nelanga. Izindlela zokungena kwi-allergen: inhalation, ingestion, ukubonakala ngokucacileyo kwesikhumba okanye phezulu kweso. Iimpawu zixhomekeke kwicandelo elichaphazelekayo lomzimba.
Iintlobo zemvelo
Inhalation ukungabikho komzimba okubangelwa ukuvuthwa kwe-pollen okanye uthuli kubangela ukudibanisa kwamanzi kunye nokubamba, ukukrazula nokukhwehlela. Ukutya okubangela ukutya kubangela i-colic kwisisu, ukuhlanza kunye nehudo, ezinokufana nokutyhelwa kokutya. Ukuxhatshazwa kwezidakamizwa kubonakala kwiimpawu ezininzi; Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho intlungu esiswini, isifo sohudo kunye nokugqithisa kwesikhumba. Ukuqhagamshelana ngqo kunye ne-allergen kunye nesikhumba kunokukhokelela ekubonakaleni kwe-urticaria (ezinye izityalo) okanye ukuphendula emva kwexesha elizayo (izinto zokugqoka kunye nezinto ezivela kwi-nickel). Ukutshatyalaliswa kwingozi ebomini - ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-anaphylactic - kuhamba nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kwezicubu, ngakumbi ubuso, imilomo nolwimi. Le meko ingagqiba ekuhleni. I-Anamnesis yentuthuko kunye neempawu zokungabikho komzimba ziyimzuzu oyimfuneko yokuxilongwa. Isihluthulelo sokumisela imbangela yempendulo yokumelana nokuqhelana nokuchonga ubudlelwane bezinto ezinjengoku:
- ixesha lonyaka;
- ezifuywayo;
- uhlobo lwesondlo;
- usapho olunamanzi olunezilwanyana.
Ukwahlula ukutya okunesifo sokutya okubangelwa ukutyhefuza, ukufumana iimpawu ezifanayo, iimvavanyo ezithile ziya kunceda.
Uvavanyo lwezilwanyana
Ukuphendula okuthe tye kungaboniswa ngamanqanaba aphezulu e-antibodies egazini. Kukwazisa kakhulu ukuqhuba iimvavanyo zesikhumba. Uvavanyo lomthwalo luquka ukujova inani elincinci lezinto ezinokumangalisa emzimbeni nokujonga ukuphendula. Indlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokuthintela iimpawu zokungabikho komzimba kukuphepha ukuthintana ne-allergen. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunakwenzeka njalo, ngokukodwa kwimeko ye-pollen allergies. Xa kusekwa i-agent echasayo, iziphakamiso ezilandelayo kufuneka zilandelwe:
- ukuba kunokwenzeka, thintela ukunxibelelana ne-allergen;
- kunye ne-hay fever, landela ikhalenda yezimila zezimbali kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okukhusela ngexesha elifanelekileyo;
- soloko unamayeza kunye nawe xa unxibelelwano olungalindelekanga kunye ne-allergen;
- Sebenzisa iimpumelelo zamachiza anamhlanje kunyango lwe-allergies.
Unyango lwezonyango, njengomthetho, lujoliswe ekunciphiseni iimpawu kunye nokuthintela ukuphendula okungakumbi. Ngokubhekiselele kwiprophylaxis yexesha elide, kulungile ukuphepha ukudibanisa ne-allergen, ngokukhethekileyo ukutya kunye neyeza, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka njalo.
Izinyango zokwelapha
Kukho uluhlu oluninzi lwamachiza unyango. I-Antihistamines ivimba ukuveliswa kwe-histamine. I-Steroids inqanda ukuphendula komzimba, okwenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela nokunciphisa ubunzima be-asthma. I-otyment e-steroid isetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimpawu zesikhumba. Ngeempawu zokuqala zokutshatyalaliswa kwe-anaphylactic, isigulane sisinyazwa ngokukhawuleza nge-adrenaline. Kwixesha lokunciphisa unyango, isigulane sinikwa amanani amancinci we-allergen ixesha elithile. Le ndlela isetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yobude benkqubo kunye neengxaki ezinokwenzeka, kubandakanya i-anaphylaxis. Ukuguqulwa kwezilwanyana kwizinto ezinokubakho kwintlungu kunokuqhubeka nokuphila, kwaye iimpawu zayo - ziqinisa. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisithintela kakhulu kwi-allergen emva kwexesha. Ngoku siyazi ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zesifo esingaba nayo.