Emva kokuqala kokutshiza i-succha (saccharin) yasungulwa ngokukhawuleza ngo-1879, ukutshatyalaliswa kwayo kokuqala "kokuthandwa" kwafika kuphela ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala, xa ukuveliswa kweshukela evamile kwakungekho okwaneleyo. Ngoku ke ingqalelo yethu inikezelwa kwiintlobo ezininzi zeentlobo zamnandi, zombini zendalo kunye nokwenziwa. Ukuvumba kwamanzi kubandakanya: sorbitol, xylitol, stevia, fructose. Isakhiwo sawo sifana nesakhiwo seswekile, ziqulethe iikhalori, zithathwa ngumzimba kwaye zisinike amandla. I-sweeteners yamanyathelo ibandakanya: i-saccharin, i-aspartame, i-cyclamate, i-sucrasite kunye ne-acesulfame i-potassium. Ezi zithuba zengxube ayinakunyulwa ngumzimba, akanako amandla, kwaye zinemiphumo emibi xa zisetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo. Ngoko ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo kunye nokutshintsha iswekile ekudleni kwakho kunye ne-sweetener, kufuneka uqonde ngokucophelela yonke le "iindidi ezintle."
Ubuninzi bemvelo be-sweeteners yi-fructose - itholakala kuzo zonke iziqhamo, amajikijolo, iindidi zentyantyambo, ubusi, ziqhenqele kune-sucrose kumaxesha ama-1,7, kwaye ngelo xesha ziqulethe i-calories engaphantsi kweyesithathu. Ingasetyenziselwa ekubhaka, xa ulungiselela ukudibanisa kunye ne-jam, kucetyiswa ukuba uyisebenzise kwizigulane ezinesifo sikashukela. Kodwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-fructose inomnye ubuhle obukhulu-ihamba ngokukhawulelana kotywala egazini, kwaye inceda ukususa. Phakathi kwezinto ezinobungozi ekusebenziseni i-fructose ekudleni kuyingozi yokunyuka kwesifo senhliziyo.
Lo mnandi, onjenge xylitol, othandwa kakhulu ngabavelisi bezinkumba kunye nezinye iinambuzane, atholakala kwii-cobs zeekhonksi kunye neengqayi zembewu yekotoni. Umxholo weekhalori kunye nobumnandi obupheleleyo bulingana noshukela oqhelekileyo, kodwa kwiimilinganiselo ezinkulu zingabonakalisa njenge-laxative eqinile.
U-Stevia, lo mbusi wesityalo ushukela, awukho amaxesha angama-25 kuphela amnandi kunoko, kodwa uncedo kakhulu kwimpilo. Inokungeniswa ngokukhuselekileyo nasiphi na isidlo, apho iswekile idlalwa khona-kwiiyo, ikhofi, i-yogurts, i-confectionery. Akukhona nje kuphela into engeyona inetyhefu, kodwa ekusebenziseni ixesha elide linciphisa amazinga egazi le-glucose, lichaphazela ngokuqinisekileyo i-pancreas nesibindi, lunceda ekupheliseni i-diathesis ye-diagrisi yezilwanyana, kuphucula ubuthongo, kwandisa ukusebenza komntu-kokubili ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
Okugqibela kumgca we-sweeteners yemvelo yi-sorbitol, eninzi kakhulu kwiipulo, i-apricots kunye nomlotha weentaba. Kodwa ingcamango yayo iyancipha ngaphezu kweswekile kathathu, ngelixa i-caloric ingqungquthela idlula ishukela ishukela ngo-53% (ngokungafani nezinye i-sweeteners), nangona isetyenziselwa nokulondolozwa kweebhisi kunye neziphuzo ezicokisekileyo kunye nokucetyiswa ukusetyenziswa kwisondlo sesondlo seswekile. Xa usebenzisa i-sorbitol emzimbeni, ukusetyenziswa kwamavithamini kunciphisa, i-microflora yesigxina sesisu sinokuphucula. Kwimeko yokugqithisa kwe-sorbitol, ukunyanzelisa, ukubhubhisa, kunye neengcamango ziyabonwa.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, njengoko ubonayo, kunye nezidaka zendalo zineziphumo zecala. Yintoni imeko kunye nabalingani babo bokufakelwa?
I-Saccharin, eyona yokuqala phakathi kwezitshizi zentshukela, iyamnandi ngaphezu kweshukela ngaphezu kwamaxesha angama-300, kwaye ngelo xesha ayixhaswanga ngokupheleleyo ngumzimba. Ngokwezinye iingcali, iqukethe izinto ezinokubangela ukugqithisa kwe-cholelithiasis. Akukhuthazwa ukuba udle kwisisu esingenalutho, ngaphandle kokuthatha imveliso eline-hydrocarbon kunye nexabiso elingaphezu kwe-0.2 g ngosuku.
U-Aspartame, othandwa kakhulu ngabavelisi bazo zonke iintlobo zeziphuzo zoluhlu lwe "Ukukhanya" kunye nemveliso ye-confectionery, ngexesha elifanayo lona liyingozi kakhulu kwiindawo zentshukela. Emva kwakho konke, xa iqondo lokushisa lingama-degrees angama-30 kuphela, iqala ukubola kwiinkalo zonke zezinto, ezivaliwe yi-formaldehyde ye-carcinogen. Ngomhla angathathi ngaphezu kwe-3.5 g.
Olunye uthakazelisayo olungumgubo - luhlaza, luvunyelwe ngokusemthethweni ukuba lusebenziswe kwi-EU kunye ne-US, kodwa luye lwasasazeka kwintsimi yaseRashiya (ayikho inxaxheba encinci kule nto ingabizi). Ukudibanisa ngokukhawuleza kudibanisa emanzini, amaxesha angama-30-50 amnandi ngaphezu kweshukela, kwaye ithathwa njengobangela wokungaphumeleli kwindlala. Ngosuku alukwazi ukuthatha ngaphezu kwe-0.8g.
I-Sukrasit, nangona i-sweetener, kodwa ivela kwi-sucrose, ayithathi inxaxheba kwi-carbohydrates metabolism, ayichaphazeli inqanaba leshukela egazini. Xa isetyenziswe, isikhumba sempembelelo esiphumeleleyo sinokwenzeka. Usuku aluvumelekanga ngaphezu kwe-0.7 g.
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, isiphunga esinjengesiphunga se-potassium acesulfame, njengamanye ama-sweeteners engenziwayo, ayinakunyulwa ngumzimba, isuswa ngokukhawuleza kuyo, kwaye iphindwe ngokukhawuleza ngama-200 ngaphezu kweshukela. Ngexesha elifanayo, kucetyiswa kakhulu ukuba ukhulelwe, unesi kunye nabantwana. Iphelisa kakubi, kwaye iphazamise inkqubo ye-cardiovascular system. I-dose ekhuselekileyo ayikho ngaphezu kwe-1 g ngosuku.
Abangcamli kunye nabathathi beeshukela-bungozi okanye bazuze? Nangona kunjalo sininzi ukuzama ukulawula oko sikudlayo yonke imihla, kodwa ekudleni kwethu, ngandlela-thile, bonke aba bafake isirayi bafika kuthi kwimveliso egqityiweyo. Ngamnye wabo unemiba emihle, kodwa ezimbi azikho ngaphezulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba unquma ukubeka iliso kwimpilo yakho, kwisilinganisi sakho, kwaye uzinciphise kwi-sweet by replacing sugar sugar substitutes - ungcono ungayenzi. Unomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kumfanekiso wakho, kunye nempilo yakho, kuya kubakho ukutshintshela kwiipesele zendalo ngokwemveliso yeziqhamo, izithelo ezomileyo kunye namajikijolo. Musa "ukukhohlisa" umzimba wakho, uyinyamekele - kwaye uya kuphendula kuwe ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo kunye nenhlalakahle.