I-Flu 2016-2017: luhlobo luni lwegciwane elindelwe kulindeleke (i-WHO isalathiso). Iimpawu kunye nokunyangwa kwe-influenza kubantwana nakubantu abadala

Inani elikhulu labantu abadala kunye nezingane zineengxaki zegciwane lesifo sengculaza minyaka yonke. KwiRashiya kunye namazwe amaninzi aseNyakatho yeNtlabathi, ibhubhane ngokuqhelekileyo lwenzeka ngexesha lokubanda, xa umzimba womntu uncinci ukhuselwe kwizifo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokweziganeko ze-epidemiologists, umkhuhlane we-2016-2017 uza kubonakalisa ngokubonakalayo ngoNovemba-Disemba walo nyaka, nangona iimpawu zesifo kubantu abane-immunity zingabonwa kuze kube yintsasa. Kwimeko nayiphi na, musa ukukwesaba. Ukuthintela ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nokunyanga okufanelekileyo kuya kuvumela ukudlulisa esi sifo ngemiphumo emininzi kubemi abadala nabantwana belizwe lethu.

Isibikezelo se-Flu sika-2016-2017 - zeziphi iintlobo zegciwane elindelekileyo

Ukulungiselela isifo sengculazi kwindawo ethile ethile, le ngxaki ingqwalaselwa kwangaphambili. Njengomthetho, intlanganiso yekhomishoni yococeko kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho iqhutyelwa ekupheleni kwehlobo, xa kusekho ulwazi malunga nentsholongwane kunye nendlela yokwenza unyango olunikezwa yiingcali ze-World Health Organization.

Ubungakanani kunye nemvelo yesibhubhane ichongiwe ngokusekelwe kwisifundo sesifo kunye nokubeka esweni ukusabalala kwiplanethi. Ngokutsho kwe-WHO ebikezela ekwindla nasebusika ngo-2016-2017 kumazwe aseNyakatho yeNtlabathi, iindidi ezilandelayo zentsholongwane ye-influenza kulindeleke:

• I-A / H1N1 (eCalifornia 04/2009) Le yimiba eqhelekileyo yentsholongwane, eyenza izifo ezinzima zezifo. Emva ko-2009, xa eso sifo sabetha abaninzi abemi baseMntla Melika, intsholongwane yabizwa ngokuba yi "California 04/2009". Ukongeza kwixesha lezonyango, i-H1N1 ibizwa nangokuthi "umkhuhlane weengulube" kuba ayithinti abantu kuphela, kodwa nezilwanyana ezininzi, ingakumbi iigorha zasekhaya. Kwinkoliso yabantu, i-H1N1 ivela ngaphandle kweengxaki, nangona kungabikho unyango olunzulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukungayinaki le ntsholongwane nayiphi na imeko akunakwenzeka. Ifom ephezulu yesifo ibonakaliswe ngokukhawuleza kwintsholongwane ye-viral pneumonia, engakhokelela ekufeni ngokungabikho konyango olufanelekileyo kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokuqala emva kokuqala kweempawu.
• I-H3N2 (A / Hong Kong) Olu bunzima be-influenza lwaluqhelile ngo-2014 ngexesha lobulwelwe obuninzi eHong Kong phakathi kwabantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Ingozi eyona nto ikhona "ekuqhelweni okungazi kakuhle" kwindlela yokuzivikela komzimba kunye nale ntsholongwane. Ngokutsho kophando lwezokwelapha, i-H3N2 ibonakale ngenxa yokuguquka kwemiba eyahlukeneyo yegciwane, ikakhulukazi iintaka ezilimazayo. Ekubeni ukukhusela kwesi sifo kubantu abaphantse kubakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugonywa ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Oku kusebenza ngokukodwa kwiqela elijongene nobungozi - abantwana kunye nabantu beminyaka yobudala. Phakathi kweengxaki ezibangelwa ngumkhuhlane weH3N2, izifo ezifana ne-bronchitis kunye ne-pneumonia, ezifuna unyango oluphuthumayo. Kwakhona, kunokubakho ukwanda kwe-asthma ne-cardiovascular diseases.
• B / Brisbane Le ntsho longwane yi-subtype ye-influenza B. Kwakuqala ukufunyanwa ngo-2008 kwisixeko sase-Australia saseBrisbane kwaye sisengowesimo esingafundanga kakuhle. Ukufumanisa ukuba lolu sulelo lunzima ngenxa yeempawu ezipheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, akufanelekile ukukhathazeka, kuba i-influenza B iyingozi kakhulu kuneengxaki zeqela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, olu hlobo lwesifo luyanyanzeliswa ngokubanzi ngabadala kunye nabantwana, alufunanga unyango olunzulu, kwaye, ngakumbi, ibonakala ngeengxaki ezinzima.

Isibikezelo somkhuhlane we-2016-2017 kwiingxaki ze-epidemiologists sikhombisa ukuba izifo ezibangelwa yi-epidemics ayikulindelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, oku akungenzi nto isidingo sokuqina nokuvuselela isistim somzimba, ngokukodwa ngokuqwalasela ukuguquka rhoqo kwintsholongwane kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isiphumo esingalindelekanga sonyango lesi sifo.

I-Flu 2017: iimpawu eziphambili kubantu abadala

Ukumisela uhlobo oluthile lwe-influenza ngeempawu akunakwenzeka, kuba imimandla eyahlukileyo, njengomthetho, inempawu ezifanayo. Ukongezelela, ubunzima bezinto okanye ezinye iimpawu azixhomekekanga kuphela kwiintsholongwane, kodwa nakwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zomntu. Ezinye zeempawu zomkhuhlane ziphantse zifana nezifo eziphefumulayo eziqhelekileyo kubantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa le ntsholongwane kwi-ARVI ne-ARI. Iimpawu eziphambili zomkhuhlane kubantu abadala zi:

• umkhuhlane ophezulu (39-40 degrees) kunye nomkhuhlane;
• intlungu ebuhlungu kwimisipha kunye namalungu;
• ezintle iintloko;
• ubuthathaka jikelele, ukungakwazi ukugxila kwiingcamango ezithile nezenzo;
• ukuvuvukala kwe-eye mucosa;
• ukukhwehlela owomileyo kuhamba kunye nentlungu emfubeni;
• coryza okanye pharyngitis.

Intloko kunye nomkhuhlane ophezulu zibonakalisa iimpawu zomkhuhlane kubantu abadala

Ukungena emzimbeni, okokuqala intsholongwane ayibonakali. Ixesha lokuxubusha liqhelekile kwiintsuku ezingama-3-5, ngexesha apho kungekho zibonakaliso. Esi sifo sihlala malunga neveki, kodwa nangona emva kokuphela kokonyango umntu uziva ecebile kwaye ediniwe, kwaye ngelo xesha ulungele ezinye izifo. Kubantu abadala kuba luphawu olukhethekileyo, ekubeni ngokukhulile iimpawu ezinzima kakhulu zentsholongwane zivame ukuvela, ngamanye amaxesha zihamba kunye neentlanzi kunye nokuhlanza.

Iimpawu ze-influenza kunye ne-ARVI kubantwana

Ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga ngengqondo, umntu omdala ufumana ukugula kwakhe ngokulula ngaphezu kokugula kwabantwana bakhe. Ekubeni kwindlela yokukhula kwimizimba yabantwana kuya kwenzeka nayiphi na into yokuhlaselwa kwezifo zentsholongwane, kubaluleke kakhulu ngeli xesha ukuba lihlale lizolile kwaye lenze unyango ngokungqinelana nezigqibo zogqirha. Kule meko, abazali kufuneka bazi indlela yokuzimela ngokwahlukileyo iimpawu zomkhuhlane kunye ne-SARS elula kubantwana. Impawu zeBantwana zeSARS:

• ukushisa komzimba ukuya kuma-38 ° C (phezulu kunqabile ukuphakama);
• Ukuxhatshazwa komzimba kubuthakathaka;
• uluntu jikelele luyanelisayo;
• ukukhwehlela okucuthayo, kubonakale ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqala kwesi sifo;
• Impumlo ebonakalayo ebonakalayo, iipumpu zasoloko zihamba;
• ukubomvu komqala (enye yeempawu eziphambili).

Iimpawu ze-Influenza kubantwana:

• ubushushu bomzimba ngaphezu kwe-39 ° C (lunokuhlala iintsuku ezingama-3-4, nangona unyango);
• ukuxhatshazwa komzimba, okuchazwa ngama-chills, ukujuluka, intloko, isisu, i-aches kumalungu;
• ukukhwehlela kwenzeka ngosuku lwesi-2-2, kunye nentlungu esifuba;
• impumlo egijimayo ayibonakali ngokukhawuleza kwaye ayikho into echazwe njenge-ARVI;
• ubomvu obunokwenzeka bamehlo.

Ukushisa okuphezulu kumntwana kufuneka kusebenze njengomqondiso wonyango oluphuthumayo. Ukuba umntwana udla ngokubandezela ngenxa yokubanda, umqala wakhe ubona buhlungu, kwaye ukushisa kugcinwe kwi-37-38 ° C okanye kungabikho ngokupheleleyo, ezi zibonakaliso zempawu zentsholongwane yentsholongwane yokuphefumula. Izifo eziqhelekileyo zentsholongwane zingabonakali neengxaki zesisu, esoloko zifunyanwa kubantwana kwimeko yomkhuhlane weH1N1. Olunye umehluko kwiimpawu ze-influenza kunye ne-ARVI kubantwana bubunjani besifo. Kwimeko yokuqala, ukuqala kwesi sifo kuhlale kunzima, kanti ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yokuphefumula kwintsholongwane kudla ngokukhawuleza.

Unyango lwe-influenza yentsholongwane ka-2016-2017 kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana

Njengoko kwaziwa, inqanda yonyango olungcono. Ukuzikhusela kumkhuhlane, kufuneka ulandele le ngcebiso:

1. Ngokukhawuleza ukwenza ukugonywa. Ekubeni i-antibodies yokuqala iveliswa emva kweentsuku ezingama-7-10, kungcono ukunyusa ubuncinane inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala okulindelekileyo kwesi sifo.
2. Gwema indawo zeentlanga ezinkulu. Ngokukodwa kule ndawo, iindawo ezinobungozi zangaphakathi - kwiimeko ezinjalo, intsholongwane idluliselwa ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kumntu ogulayo ukuya kwimpilo.
3. Ukuthobela kwimimiselo jikelele yobuthakathaka: hlamba izandla zakho, sebenzisa kuphela indebe yakho, isipuni, isitya kunye nethawula.
4. Ventilate igumbi kwaye wenze ukucoceka okumanzi ubuncinane amaxesha amabini ngosuku.
5. Ukuphucula imeko ebanzi yomzimba ngokusebenzisa nokuthatha i-multivitamines.

Ukugonywa ngokukhawuleza kwenza ukuba izifo zesifo zibe nzima kwaye zilula lula kakhulu unyango. Ukuba isifo sifundekile ukujamelana nokukhuselwa komzimba, ke unyango lwe-virus yesifo sengculazi kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala kufuneka kuqhutywe phantsi kolawulo oluqinileyo logqirha. Igosa kuphela liya kuba nakho ukufumanisa ukuba imishishini iya kuba yinkqubela efanelekileyo kwimeko yeklinikhi ethile, kwaye yintoni inkqubo yokunyangwa kufuneka ilandelwe. Ngethuba lomkhuhlane, kubalulekile ukuthobela ukuphumla kombhede. Mhlawumbi, kuba abantu abadala baya kubonakala kunzima, banikezele imfuneko yokuthatha ikhefu lokugula ubuncinane ngeveki. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nenye indlela yokunyangwa kwesi sifo. I-influenza echaphazelekayo inobungozi kakhulu kwiingxaki zayo, ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza komphefumlo wokuphefumula, isifo senhliziyo kunye nesistim. Kwimeko ye-H1N1, ukungahoywa kwimizuzu yokuphumla kwebhedi kungabulala. Nangona, njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, iingcali aziqapheli naluphi na izifo zesifo esingaqhelekanga ekupheleni konyaka kwaye kunyaka ozayo kunyaka ozayo, xa kukho iimpawu zokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhambelana neengcebiso zokuthintela nokunyangwa kwe-influenza yintsholongwane kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Ngengqondo ejongene nempilo kunye nolondolozo olufanelekileyo lwezempilo, umkhuhlane we-2016-2017 kwaye, ngokubaluleke kakhulu, iingxaki zawo ziyakunqumla.

Iimpawu kunye neendlela zokonyango lwe-influenza