Uninzi lweziganeko ze-meningitis zibangelwa ziintsholongwane, kwaye isifo ngokuqhelekileyo sifumana kwifom elula. Ngentsholongwane yebhaktheriya, imeko iya kuba yingozi yokuphila kubantwana abancinane.
Rhoqo rhoqo
Iintlobo ezintathu zeebhaktheriya njengezilwanyana eziphambili zibangelwa i-75% yazo zonke iimeko ze-bacterial meningitis:
- I-Neisseria meningitidis, okanye i-meningococcus, i-pathogen echaphazelekayo echaphazela abantwana, ingakumbi phantsi kweminyaka eyi-5 kunye nabantwana abaselula.
- I-Streptococcus pneumoniae - le bhaktiriya inoxanduva lokuphuhliswa kwe-pneumonia, kwaye nayo yimbangela ye-meningitis kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emibini ubudala kunye nabantu abadala.
- I-Haemophilus influenzae - ithintela kakhulu abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5, nangona ngoku ayifani ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokugonywa kwe-universal.
Ukutyunjwa kwonyango olwaneleyo, kuyimfuneko ukucacisa i-agent engabangela isifo. Kwi-meningitis, hlola i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kunye negazi. Iimvavanyo ezifunyenwe kwisigulane zithunyelwa ukuhlalutya kwi-laboratory microbiological.
Iisampula ze-CSF
I-CSF igxotha ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomgogodla, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo yinkcitho engenambala, ebonakalayo. Ukuba ukrokrelwa ukuba ne-meningitis, isampuli ye-CSF ifumaneka ngokugqithiswa kwe-lumbar, apho inaliti eyinyumba ifakwe kwisithuba esiphantsi komgca wesigxina kumqolo osezantsi. I-Smooth CSF iqinisa ukukhankanywa kwe-bacteria meningitis. Isampuli ithunyelwe kwibhubhoratri.
Iimpawu zeGazi
Kwi-meningitis ye-bhakteria, ukusuleleka kukungena kwigazi kunye nophuhliso lwe-septicemia, ngoko igazi legulane lijoliswe kwi-microbiological examination. Emva kokungahlanjululwa kwesikhumba, igazi lihoxiswa kwi-vein. Igazi lijojowe kwiphubhu yokuvavanya ngesisombululo sesondlo sokutsalwa kweebhaktheriya. Ukuxilongwa kwe-bacteria meningitis kusekelwe ekuchongwa kwezifo eziphilayo kwiisampula ze-CSF. Kubalulekile ngokukhawuleza ukufumana isiphumo sohlalutyo lokuqeshwa okwenziwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kwi-laboratory ye-microbiological, abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekileyo bafumana iisampuli kwaye baqalisa ngokukhawuleza isifundo ukwenzela ukuba banikeze umphumo ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Ucwaningo lwe-CSF
I-tube ene-CSF ifakwa kwi-centrifuge-i-apparatus ejikelezayo ngokukhawuleza, okuqulethwe kuyo yi-centrifugal force. Oku kubangela ukuba iiseli kunye neebhaktheriya ziqokelela ngaphantsi kwebhubhu njengobuncwane.
Microscopy
Isampuli se-sediment ihlolwa phantsi kwe-microscope ngokubala inani lama-leukocytes. Kwi-meningitis yebhakteria, kukho ukwanda kwenani lala maseli kwi-CSF. Ukufumanisa ibhaktheriya kwisilayidi, idayi ekhethekileyo (i-Gram staining) isetyenziswa. Ukuba isampuli iqulethe izifo ezivela kwiintlobo ezi-3 eziphambili, ziyakwazi ukufunyanwa yi-stainistic bacteria. Umphumo we-microscopy kunye necaza yeGra ixelwa ngokukhawuleza kugqirha ukuze anikeze unyango olufanelekileyo.
Ukulima kwe-CSF
Intsalela ye-CSF isasazwa kwiintlanzi ezininzi zePetri kunye nenkcubeko yendawo yokulima ibhaktheriya. I-CSF iqhelekile yinyumba, ngoko ukufunyanwa kwanoma yiyiphi ibhaktheriya ibalulekile. Ukwahlula oku okanye ezinye izilwanyana ezincinci, izandi ezahlukeneyo zezondlo kunye neemeko zokulima ziyafuneka. Izitya zikaPetri zifakwa ubusuku obuninzi kwi-thermostat kwaye zihlolisisa kusasa olulandelayo. Ukukhula kwama-colonies amabhaktheriya kutyunjwe yiGrama. Ngamanye amaxesha uthabatha ukuhlakulela okuqhubekayo okukhulayo kwamancinci. Isampuli yegazi efunyenwe kwisigulane, ochwepheshe bebhanki abasabalalisa kwiibhubhu zokuvavanya ezimbini zokulima. Kwelinye lazo, iimeko ze-aerobic zokukhula koloni (phambi kooksijini) ziya kugcinwa, kwenye - i-anaerobic (kwindawo engcolileyo). Emva kweeyure ezingama-24 zokufakelwa, i-sampuli encinane yezinto eziphathekayo isuswa kwiphubhu nganye kwaye ikhutshwe ngakumbi phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo njenge-CSF. Nayiphi na iibhaktheriya ezikhoyo ziya kubonwa, zibala kunye zichongwe. Isiphumo senziwa ngokukhawuleza kugqirha. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iindlela ziye zaphuhliswa ukuba zibone ukusuleleka kwaye zichonge i-pathogen ngqo kwi-CSF okanye kwigazi.
Iziphumo ezikhawulezayo
Uvavanyo lwe-latex agglutination lusekelwe kwisabela-antigen-antibody reaction. Ukuqhuba olu vavanyo luncedo ngakumbi xa isigulane sinikwe i-antibiotics ngaphambi kokubanjwa kwento. Izindlela zamasiko zinika umphumo kuphela ngosuku, kanti olu vavanyo lwangoku lunika ulwazi ngokukhawuleza. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwikhosi ephuthumayo ye-meningitis, enokuphelisa ukufa.