I-Hepatitis B ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-virus ye-viral hepatitis kwenzeka kumaxesha amaninzi esemncinci. Yingakho imeko xa i-hepatitis B ngexesha lokukhulelwa ifunyanwe kwintokazi yokuqala, ayiqhelekanga. Ewe, imeko efanelekileyo kukuba uvavanyo lweempawu ze-viral hepatitis livela kwisigaba sokucwangcisa ukukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ebomini bobubomi, ukuxilongwa kwe-virus ye-virus ye-virus ye-virus ye-virus (hepatitis) idlalwa ngokumalunga nemvelaphi yokukhulelwa. Kule meko, ugqirha wesigqirha-gynecologist, ugqirha wezifo ezithathelwanayo kunye nesibini esitshatileyo kufuneka sixoxe ngolu hlobo kunye nokuxazulula imiba emininzi.

Ukuba i-hepatitis iye yachongwa nakwizinga lokucwangcisa intsapho, imfuno kunye nokukhawuleza kwonyango lokuqala lwe-hepatitis yentsholongwane ixutyushwa ngakumbi ngeengcali. Ngelo xesha, umntu kufuneka aqhubeke namathuba okunyanga, okwenzeka ngokwenene kwimiphumo emihle yonyango ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa konke oku kunye nesidingo sokulibaziseka ukukhulelwa ixesha elide - unyaka emva kokuphela kokuphela kweyeza.

Impembelelo ye-hepatitis ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Enye yeengozi eziphambili ze-hepatitis B ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngumngcipheko wosulelo lwe-intrauterine lomntwana. Ukudluliselwa kwintsholongwane (ukusasazeka kwintsholongwane kumama ukuya kumntwana) kunokwenzeka ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hepatitis kwi-etiology kwaye zihluka ngokubanzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusuleleka kwe-hepatitis B kuyenzeka kwaye kwinqanaba elingaphantsi C. Ukukhulelwa komntwana nge-virus ye-viral hepatitis A okanye ye-E kunokwenzeka ukuba yenzeke kuphela kwixesha lokuzalwa ngokwaso phambi kohlobo olunefuthe lwe-hepatitis kumama. Ukuba ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-fetus kwenzeka kumanqanaba okuqala okukhulelwa, phantse kukhokelela ekuphumeni komzimba. Akunakwenzeka ukuphazamisa le nkqubo. Ngoko umzimba uyaqhawula umntwana ongenakulinganiswa. Xa umntwana ekhulelwe ngamayeza emva kokukhulelwa, umfazi ubeletha umntwana ophilayo kodwa osulelekileyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha sele sele evele nemiphumo yokhuseleko oluye lwaphuhliswa. Kulinganiselwa ukuba malunga ne-10% yabantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa abavela kumama abanesifo se-hepatitis B abanokusuleleka kwi-utero. Ekubeni kubakho i-hepatitis ekhulelwe esebenzayo, umntu osulelekileyo usenokuba sele engama-90% ezintsana. Yingakho inkcazo yamanqaku okuzaliswa kwintsholongwane kunye nenani layo egazini (umthamo wentsholongwane) ibaluleke kakhulu. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwi-trimester yesibini yokukhulelwa, okwenza ukuba uhlolisise umngcipheko wokuphuhliswa kwe-hepatitis kwintsana esanda kuzalwa. Uninzi lwamaxesha amaninzi, ukusuleleka kwenzeka ngokuthe ngqo ngexesha lokunikezelwa okanye kwixesha elisemva kwexesha lokugqibela, xa igazi likaMama elisulelekileyo lidlula emzimbeni wokuzala ngokusasaza kwesikhumba. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kwenzeka xa umntwana egawula igazi kunye ne-amniotic fluid yomama ngexesha lokunikezelwa.

Ukuthintela ukuthintela njani intsholongwane yomntwana

Ukuthintela ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane, inxaxheba ebalulekileyo idlalwe ngamaqhinga okunikezelwa. Ngelishwa, akukho ncamango yokujonga ngokubeleka kwabafazi abakhulelwe abanesifo sengqondo sokugula kwesifo se-hepatitis B. Kukho idatha yokuba amathuba okusuleleka komntwana ayancipha ngexesha locwangco olucwangcisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, eli qiniso akusiyo imbono yokubamkela yonke indawo. Nangona kunqongophala kwezibonakaliso ezicacileyo zendlela yokusebenza kwabasetyhini abanentsholongwane ye-hepatitis, ukuhanjiswa kwinqanaba le-caesarean linconywa kuphela kwizinga eliphezulu le-viral load. Kwakhona kunyanzelekile xa ibhinqa elinye lichaphazela iintsholongwane ezininzi ze-hepatitis. Ukususela ngexesha lokukhulelwa, i-hepatitis B inokuthintela ngokugonywa kunye nokulawulwa kolawulo lwe-immunoglobulin, ulawulo lwabasebenzi kwintombazana ene-viral hepatitis ichazwa njengomama ongenakukhulelwa xa ebeletha. Ukungabikho kwimeko epheleleyo yokukhusela umntwana ekusulelekeni kwe-hepatitis ngexesha lokubeletha kwenza i-prophylaxis emva kokubeletha. Ukuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwe-hepatitis kwiintsana, i-vaccination yenziwa, kudala ithuba lokwenene lokukhusela intsholongwane kunye nentsholongwane ye-hepatitis B nezinye iintlobo. Abantwana abasuka kumaqela obungozi bayagonywa ngexesha elifanayo, oko kukuthi, bajojowe nge-gamma globulin ngokudibanisa nokugonywa kwintsholongwane ye-hepatitis B. Ukugonywa okungahambiyo kunye ne-anti-globulin kuqhutyelwa kwigumbi lokuhambisa. Inyolo yokulwa ne-hepatitis yenziwa ngosuku lokuqala emva kokuzalwa kwaye emva kweenyanga ezili-6, ezinika inqanaba elikhuselekileyo le-antibodies kwi-95% yabantwana abatsha.

Ukusombulula ingxaki yokusuleleka kwintsholongwane yomntwana evela kumama oye waba ne-hepatitis ngexesha lokuthotyelwa, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuqhutywe uvavanyo lwegazi lwebhubhoratri ngenxa yobuninzi be-antibodies. Ukuba ama-antibodies ezisandul 'ukuzalwa sele abonwa kwiinyanga zokuqala ezintathu zokuphila, oku kubonisa ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane. Ukunyanga kweziphumo zovavanyo lomntwana kwi-virus ye-hepatitis kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuqaphela okukhulu, kuba ngokuqhelekileyo uninzi lwamanqindi omama lunokufumaneka kwiinyanga ezili-15-18. Oku kwenza umfanekiso wamanga wengxaki yomntwana kwaye ukhokelela kumanyathelo angenangqiqo yokumphilisa.

Ngaba ndiyakwazi ukudlulisa intsholongwane ngokuncelisa?

Ubunokwenzeka bokuncelisa ixhomekeke kwi-etiology ye-viral hepatitis. Kukholelwa ukuba inzuzo yokuncelisa naluphi na uhlobo luphezulu kunomngcipheko obalulekileyo wokudluliselwa kwegciwane kumntwana. Kakade, isigqibo malunga nokutya okanye ukungasondli umntwana usathathwa kuphela ngumama. Eminye imingcipheko yongcinezelo yimiba emininzi ejikeleze iinjunu okanye utshintsho lwe-aphthous kwisigodlo somlomo sesana esandula. Abantwana abazalelwe ngumama, abathwali be-hepatitis B, banokunyangwa ngokwemvelo ukuba bayagonyelwa ngentsholongwane ngexesha. Kwimeko nayiphi na imeko, ukubelesa kunye nobukho begciwane lesifo se-hepatitis kumfazi kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokugcinwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwemimiselo yonke yobungqina kunye nokungabikho kokuxiliswa komzimba kumama.