I-Jaundice: izizathu, iintlobo, iindlela zokuphuhlisa

Kwinqaku elithi "I-jaundice, izizathu, iintlobo, iindlela zophuhliso" uya kufumana ulwazi oluncedo kakhulu kuwe. I-jaundice iyimpawu eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinokubonakalisa izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Kule meko, ulusu kunye nabamhlophe bamehlo bafumana i-hue ephuzi ngenxa yezinto ezingaqhelekanga kwi-bilirubin pigment egazini. I-Bilirubin ngumveliso oqhelekileyo wokutshintshiselwa kwe-heme-iron ingxenye ye-hemoglobin erythrocytes. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-jaundice: i-hepatic-cell, i-hemolytic kunye nokuphazamiseka. Iimpawu zemiqathango kufuneka zihlolwe ngenyameko ukuseka ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Hemolytic jaundice

I-hemolytic jaundice yimbangela yokutshatyalaliswa kwe-erythrocytes. I-Urine kwezi zigulane ngumbala oqhelekileyo, kuba ngale ndlela ifom, i-bilirubin ifumaneka kwigazi. Ubuninzi be-urobilinogen kumanzi (umsebenzi wesibindi aphukiweyo) ubanika umbala oqhelekileyo.

I-jaundice yokuvalela

I-jaundice evimbelayo iyavela phambi kokuphazamiseka kokuphuma kwe-bile. Kwizigulane, udonga obomdaka lomchamo luboniswa ngenxa yexinaniso ephezulu ye-bilirubin, kunye nokuguqulwa kwamathambo. Amanqanaba aphakamileyo e-bilirubin egazini abangela ukugquma okukhulu. Umqondiso wokubandezeleka kweengqungquthela ze-bhedhepatic ibinomkhuhlane. Umgangatho ophezulu we-bilirubin kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, i-jaundice ingahlakulela ngenxa yeenkqubo ezintathu eziphambili:

Hemolytic jaundice

Ukutshatyalaliswa kokunyuka kwama-erythrocytes kwenzeka:

• kubantwana abasanda kuzalwa abanamaqondo obomvu obomvu;

• kwizigulane ezine-malaria; kwizigulane ezine-anemia yesalente yesigulo;

• kunye ne-inheritance spherocytosis (ubukho bendlela engavumelekanga kwigazi le-erythrocyte).

I-hepatic-cellular jaundice

I-hepatic-cell jaundice ikhula kwiintsholongwane zentsholongwane, ngakumbi kwi-hepatitis A, B, C, D kunye no-E. IJundice nayo ihamba ne-cirrhosis kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamachiza athile. Ubomi be-erythrocytes buninzi malunga neentsuku ezili-120, emva koko zitshabalaliswa ngepeni. Kule meko, i-bilirubin ayikho i-insoluble ekhutshwayo, engagqithwanga yizintso. Ngegazi, lithunyelwa kwisibindi, apho liba yifom echithwa ngamanzi. Ukususela esibindi, ininzi ye-bilirubin inqabileyo idlulela kwi-bin ducts kwi-gallbladder, kwaye ukusuka apho kuya emathunjini. Kwi-gut lumen, i-bilirubin i-soluble iqhutywe ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kweebhaktheriya ukwenza i-substance eveza umbala ophawulekayo kumatshini. I-Urobilinogen - ifomu ye-bilirubin-isetshenziswe kwi-bloodstream kwaye igxothwe yizintso kunye nesibindi.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukucacisa imbangela ye-jaundice.

• Ubuninzi beentlobo zesifo kunye ne-jaundice ephakathi nendawo kunokubonakalisa i-gallstones.

• Ukunyuka kwesantya kwenyana kunye kunye nokulahleka kwesisindo kungabonakalisa umhlaza womhlaza. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala okanye ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwimbali kubonisa ukulimala kwesibindi.

Iimvavanyo zokuxilonga

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuchonga uhlobo kunye nobukhulu be-jaundice. Nge-jaundice ephazamisayo, izinga le-enzyme ye-alkaline phosphatase landa ngokukhawuleza. Ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli zesibindi kuhambelana nokunyuka kwiinkcazo ze-transaminases. Nge-anemia, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuya kufumanisa ukuncipha kwinani lamaseli obomvu kunye nobukho beeseli okanye i-spherocytes. I-Ultrasound kunye nezinye iindlela zobugcisa ziyakhumbula ukucacisa uhlobo lokuthintela. Ukufumanisa i-hepatitis engapheliyo, i-biopsy yesibindi ingadingeka. Iicawa zonyango zixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nesibindi se-jaundice, I-Hepatitis A ayifuni unyango olululo oluchanekileyo. Izigulane zikwacetyiswa ukuba zilandele ukutya kwaye ziphephe ukusela utywala. I-hepatitis engapheliyo ayikwazi ukuphathwa ngamachiza antiviral. I-jaundice engavumelaniyo ingadinga ukuhlinzwa ngokuxhomekeka kwimbangela yokukhutshwa kunye nokuhlala kwayo. Ukugxekwa kwiimeko ezininzi ze-jaundice kulungile. Ukusola kwesifo esingumhlala-mpilo esiyingozi esingapheliyo kwenzeka xa:

I-hepatitis engapheliyo kwaye ngokukodwa i-cirrhosis yinkathazo enzima kwaye inokubangela iingxaki ezinjenge:

Uphuhliso lwe-jaundice - uphawu lwesifo ezininzi sesibindi - kunokuthintelwa. Ukukhusela i-hepatitis esithathelwanayo nge-fecal-oral transmission mechanism (A kunye no-E) xa uhamba kwiindawo ezikude, imigaqo elandelayo kufuneka ilandelwe:

Ukuthintela i-hepatitis, isasazwa ngegazi nangokwezesondo (B, C, D), inika: