Ufuna njani abazali ukuba bavelele emntwaneni wabo abanomdla "mama" no "uba"? Kodwa into yokuba uphuphaza ngamazwi yileli gama, nokuba ngaba kuphela abasondelene nabo.
"Amanqanaba endlela ende"
Ukuze kube lula ekuhloleni iimpumelelo zentsana, oogqirha bahlula unyaka wokuqala wokuphila zibe zigaba ezine: ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu, ukusuka kwi-ezine ukuya kweyesithandathu, ukususela kwi-7 ukuya kweyesi-9 ukuya kwiinyanga ezilishumi ukuya kunyaka. Ukususela kwimbono yokuphuhliswa kwentetho, ezimbini zokuqala zilungelelaniso: ngeli xesha, ukunxibelelana kwengqondo nomntu omdala kukhula. Ngalolu hlobo, ukukhulumisana kwentetho kuya kuphuhliswa kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezizayo.
Iinyanga ezintathu zokuqala
Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa, umntwana akanako ukuthetha kunye nomnqweno wokuthetha. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuthe ngcembe uyasetyenziselwa ukuva ngexesha lokutya kunye nokuvuka kwezwi elinoxolo, elinomdla lomama. Kule nto, ekubonweni kokuqala, ukunxibelelana okungahambisani, ubuqhetseba obunomlingo bokuthintana nomama wengqondo yomntwana kusekho.
Ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala yobomi, umntwana uqala ukubamba ubuso bomama ngexesha elifutshane. Kwiinyanga ezi-1-2 uyaphendula ngokumomotheka ukuba uthethe naye kwaye ulinde umdlalo ohambayo, uphulaphula isandi sakhe okanye ilizwi lomntu omdala.
Kwiinyanga ezi-1-1,5 umntwana "ubonisa" kunye nezwi lakhe. Ukuba izandi yokuqala baba elirhabaxa, kwingqula (into efana "ki", "gee"), ke ngoku indawo ecaphukile ngoncuthu yaye "ah-ah", "oh-oh-oh." Ezi mpendulo zibizwa ngokuba zihamba.
Kwiinyanga ezi-2-3, intombazana ibonakala kunye neempawu zokufuna ukunxibelelana: ngexesha loqhagamshelwano nomntu omdala, uyashukumisa izibonda kunye nemilenze, uyamemeza, yenza izandi ezahlukeneyo. Ukusebenza okunjalo kwemoto kunye nokuphendula ngezwi kubizwa ngokuba yi-"revitalization complex". Ubukho bakhe bubonakaliso olungileyo: kunye nophuhliso lomntwana, konke kulungelelaniswa!
Iinyanga ezintathu ukuya ezintandathu
Umntwana phantse imihla ngemihla uthabatha intsapho yakhe ngempumelelo emitsha: uhleka ngokukhawuleza ekunxibelelaneni, ehlala ehleka, ephendulela intloko yakhe emthonjeni wesandi kwaye uyifumana ngamehlo akhe, uyazibona unina. Kodwa ke, ixesha elide uhlabelela: "al-le-e-ly-ay-ay" ... Le ndlela yokuzivocavoca ibizwa ngokuba ngumbhobho.
Kwiinyanga ezi-4 i-bble ibonakala: intsana ihamba ukusuka ekusetyenzisweni kwezikhenksi ekubhaliweni kwezilwimi ezibandakanya izandi ezinononophelo kunye nezithulu ezizithulu. Ekuqaleni oku kunene kuphela ngama-syllables ahlukeneyo: "ba", "ma", kodwa ke baphindaphindiwe kaninzi: "ma-ma", "ma-ma", "ba-ba", "ba-ba-ba".
ULepet akukhona nje ukubonakaliswa kwengqondo yomntwana (ukhuselekile, uyondla, uyomile kwaye ufudumala), oku kukuqeqeshwa kweefayili, izwi lokuphefumula kunye nelizwi. Ngako-ke, ukubethelwa kufuneka kugcinwe kwaye kuphuhliswe, ukufundisa umntwana ukuba axelise izandi ezahlukeneyo kunye nokudibanisa izandi. "Isifundo sokubamba" sisona sigqithise ixesha elide emva kokuba umntwana evuke.
Kwiinyanga ezi-5 umntwana uyayibona ilizwi lomntu othandekayo, uqonda intetho kunye nesigxina esiqinileyo, ubuso bomntu oqhelekileyo nolungaqhelekanga.
Xa uneminyaka engama-6, umntwana uqala ukuphendula egameni lakhe. Ukongeza kwizandi zoqhagamshelwano, uquka ukumomotheka, ukuthetha ngokucacileyo-ukuvuya okanye ukutshatyalaliswa, mhlawumbi umsindo. Ngaloo ndlela, intsana "incokola" kwaye yona yona icela "abadibaniselwano".
Iinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwithoba
Ihlabathi lomntwana likhula ngokubanzi: amathuba akhe okuqonda kunye nobudlelwane kunye nezihlobo zakhe ziyachuma, kwaye ukunyakaza okuzimeleyo kunye nezenzo ziba nzima nakakhulu. Ngoku umntu omdala unako ukuxelela umntwana malunga nezinto ezininzi ezithakazelisayo. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukwenza oku kuphela ngolwimi lweemvakalelo, ukuphuhliswa kwindlela entsha yokunxibelelana-intetho iyadingeka. Ukunxibelelana kwentetho akukona nje ukuvakaliswa ngumntwana weelwimi, amagama, iibinzana zokuqala, kodwa nokuqonda intetho ebhekiswe kuye.
Xa uthetha nomntwana, umntu omdala udinga ukuba abize ngokucacileyo izinto aze amtsalane: "Nantsi ibhokhwe," "Nantsi indebe," "Thatha i-spoon, siya kuyidla," njl. Igama elitsha kufuneka livezwe ngelizwi, phindaphinda uze uphinde maxesha amaninzi.
Ngeenyanga ezi-7 umntwana, eva ilizwi eliqhelekileyo: "Uphi i-bunny?", "Uphi na indebe?" - uqala ukubheka into ngamehlo akhe. Ngeenyanga ezisibhozo, ngesicelo somntu omdala, wenza imisebenzi efundiweyo, umzekelo: "ndinike ipeni", "ladushki", "inzuzo", njl njl. Kwiinyanga ezili-9 uyazi kakuhle igama lakhe kwaye aphendule.
Kwiinyanga eziyi-8,5-9,5 inkunzi yodwa ayiphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ilandele iilwimi eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezingaqhelekanga. Unako ukuphindaphinda ngokuphindaphindiweyo nangokuphindaphindiweyo isandi esifanayo, isilayili.
Ukususela kwiinyanga ezilisithoba ukuya kunyaka
Eli thuba likolo langempela lezonxibelelwano. Ukususela kwiinyanga ezili-9-10 umntwana usenokuphinda abuyele kumntu omdala onke ama-syllables amatsha. Ngeenyanga ezili-10, ufunda, ngokucela komntu omdala, ukumfumana nokumnika izinto eziqhelekileyo, udlala ngokuzonwabisa "kwiSoroka-Beloboku", "Ladushki".
Ama-syllables afakwe kwi-embble yomntwana, ngeenyanga ezili-10-11, abe yinxalenye yamagama: "ma-ma-ma" - "umama", "ba-ba-ba" - "baba", "yebo-da-da" . Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wobomi, umntwana uphinda ngokuphindaphinda umntu omdala kwaye ngokwakhe uvakalisa amagama ama-5-10.
La mazwi alula kakhulu kodwa, kodwa sele esethetha iingcamango ezithile: unina, uyise, umfazi, ks-ks, am-am, njl. Kubalulekile ukuba abadala balandele amagama alula ngokuchanekileyo kwegama lomlomo. Umzekelo, ukubonisa inja, kufuneka uthi: "Inja, av-av" okanye "Umshini, bi-bi."
Ukwenza ukudibanisa okucacileyo phakathi kwegama kunye nesifundo, kuyimfuneko ukuhamba kunye nezenzo ezenziwe ngokuthetha. Umzekelo, ukubonisa umntwana ngexesha lokugqoka, ukuhlamba, ukondla izinto ezifanelekileyo kunye nezenzo. Unokuzama ukusebenzisa intetho yakhe ukuze uqondise imisebenzi yakhe: cela ukuba athathe okanye athathe umdlalo kwindawo. Kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntwana unempendulo efanelekileyo kwigama elithi "hayi" ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wobomi: awukwazi ukuthatha umsi, uthinte ukutshisa, njl njl.
Indlela yokuphuhlisa intetho yabantwana inzima. Kodwa uncedo lwakho kunye nokholo lwakho kwimpumelelo yomntwana ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kumnceda ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wobomi ukuthetha okufunayo kuwe kunye negama elibalulekileyo, "Mama!"
OLGA STEPANOVA, umlomo weelwimi, i-Cand. kuhamba. yesayensi
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