I-Autism yintlupheko eyenzekayo xa kukho ukungaqhelekanga ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo. Ubonakaliswe ngokunqongophala ngokubanzi kolonxibelelwano loluntu kunye nokusebenzisana, kunye nokuthambekela kokuphindaphinda izenzo kunye nokukhawulelana kwemfuno. Kwiimeko ezininzi, zonke iimpawu zingentla zibonakala nangaphambi kweminyaka emithathu. Iimeko ezininzi okanye ezingafaniyo ne-autism, kodwa ngokubonakalisa ngamandla, zithunyelwa kumayeza njengeqela leengxaki ze-autistic.
Kwangexesha elide kwakukholelwa ukuba impawu ezintathu ze-autism zibangelwa esinye sezizathu eziqhelekileyo kuzo zonke, ezinokuchaphazela amazinga okuqonda, ama-genetic ne-neuronal. Ngoku kutshanje, abaphandi banokugxininisa ekucingeni ukuba i-autism yintlupheko yeentlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezibangelwa ziziintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokuthi zidibanisane kunye ngexesha elinye.
Izifundo eziye zenziwa ukuze zichane izizathu zobuntwana be-autism ziye zahamba ezininzi. Iimvavanyo zokuqala zabantwana abane-autism abazange banike naluphi na ubungqina bokuba inkqubo yabo yeentlanzi yonakaliswe. Ngexesha elifanayo, uDkt. Kanner, owazisa igama elithi "autism" kwiyeza, waqaphela ukufana okuninzi kwabazali babantwana abanjalo, njengendlela yokuqulunqwa komntwana, inqanaba eliphezulu lolwazi. Ngenxa yoko, phakathi kwekhulu lokugqibela i-hypothesis iphakanyisiwe ukuba i-autism yintliziyo yengqondo (oko kukuthi, ivela ngenxa yeengxaki zengqondo). Omnye wabameli abanobuchule beli ngcamango ngu-psychotherapist wase-Austria, uDkt. B. Bettelheim, owasekela ikliniki yakhe kubantwana baseMelika. I-Pathology ekuphuhliseni ubudlelwane bezentlalo nabanye, ukuphulwa komsebenzi ngokubhekiselele kwihlabathi, wadibanisa nelokuba abazali babechatha kakubi umntwana wabo, bamphatha njengomntu. Okokutsho, ngokutsho kwalo mbono, yonke imbopheleleko yokuphuhliswa kwe-autism kumntwana ibekwe kubazali, abadla ngokuba yinto ebangela ukuba bangabandezeleka kakhulu ngengqondo.
Ucwaningo oluthelekisayo, nangona kunjalo, lubonise ukuba abantwana abahamba nge-autistic abazange baphumelele kwiimeko ezinokubangela ubuhlungu kunabantwana abasempilweni, kwaye abazali bomntwana abane-autism babehlala bezinikezele kwaye banenkathalo kunabanye abazali. Ngaloo ndlela, iingcamango zesimo sengqondo sale sifo kwakufuneka zilibaleke.
Ngaphezu koko, abaninzi abaphandi banamhlanje bathi iimpawu ezininzi zeenkqubo zesistim esingekho ngokwaneleyo kubantwana abaphethwe yi-autism baye babonwa. Kungenxa yesi sizathu kubabhali benamhlanje ukuba ukuqala kwe-autism kukholwa ukuba kunempilo ekhethekileyo yokuzalwa, apho inkqubo ye-nervous central ihamba khona. Kukho ezininzi iingcamango malunga nokuba kufikeleleka phi ukungafihliyo kwaye kuvela phi.
Ngoku zifundo ziqhubekile ziza kuhlolisisa izibonelelo eziphambili zale ngcamango, kodwa izigqibo ezingenangqiqo azange zenziwe. Kukho ubungqina bokuba abantwana be-autistic bahlala benempawu zobunzima bobuchopho, kunye neentsholongwane ze-biochemical metabolism. Ezi zifo zingabangelwa ziintlobo ezinobangela, ezifana ne-chromosomal engafanelekiyo, i-genetic predisposition, izifo ezibangelwa ngumntwana. Kwakhona, ukungaphumeleli kwenkqubo yesifo kunokuvela ngenxa yomonakalo kwinkqubo yesantya ephakathi, eyona nto ibangelwa ukuzalwa okunzima okanye ukukhulelwa, inkqubo yokuphuhlisa i-schizophrenic okanye imiphumo ye-neuroinfection.
Inzululwazi yaseMelika uEnnitz iphenye ngaphezu kweengu-20 ezahlukahlukeneyo izinto ezinokubangela ukuqala kwe-Kanner's syndrome. Ukuvela kwe-autism kungakhokelela kwizifo ezininzi, ezifana ne-tuberous sclerosis okanye i-rubella ye-congenital. Ukucwaninga zonke ezi zingentla, iingcali ezininzi namhlanje zithetha ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwezizathu zokuvela (polytheology) ye-syndrome yobuntwaneni bokuba yi-autism yangaphambili kunye nendlela ibonakalisa ngayo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-pathologies kunye ne-polynozology yayo.