Ezine iindlela
Xa ubhaliswe kunye nokubonisana kwamabhinqa, ugqirha uya kukuthumela kwiimvavanyo eziliqela, kubandakanya ukuzimisela kwegazi kunye ne-Rh factor. Xa sele ufumene iziphumo, ugqirha uya kucela ukubiza iqela kunye ne-rhesus yengomntwana wengomso. Xa sele eqokelele idatha ndawonye, uya kuthi malunga nokungqubana kokungqubana phakathi kwakho kunye nomntwana. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba igazi labantu ababini abasondeleyo, wena kunye nomntwana, unako "ukuxabana"? Ngelishwa, ewe. Emva kwayo yonke into, inemisebenzi yayo-ukuxhasa umsebenzi obalulekileyo wendalo kwaye ungayivumeli "kwikhaya" labantu abangabaziyo, eziyizixhobo zegazi ezahlukileyo kwiqela kunye ne-rhesus. Kukho amaqela amane egazi ukwenzela ukuhlalutya ngexesha lokukhulelwa, enezi zilandelayo: I = 0 (zero), II = A, lll = B, IV = AB.
Ngoko, uneziphumo zohlalutyo olwenziweyo. Ngoku unokubala ukuba yiliphi iqela elingazalwa ngalo. Yenza kube lula. Mhlawumbi unayo iqela le-IV (AB), kwaye umyeni wakho unam (00). Siyombulula ingxaki elula: AB + 00 - AO (II), AO (II), BO (III), BO (III). Ngoku kuyacaca ukuba umntwana uza kuzalwa ngeqela lesibini okanye lesithathu legazi.
Kodwa ngaba yile njongo kuphela ukuba iqela legazi lomama ozayo lizimisele? Akunjalo. Isizathu esiyinhloko - ukufumana ukuba yeyiphi igazi legazi elingxamisekileyo lingathululelwa. Ukongezelela, ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo, kungenzeka ukuba kukho ukuxabana phakathi koomama kunye nomntwana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukungahambelani kweqela legazi livela phambi koMama mna, kunye neqela le-II okanye III (ngokulandelanayo, utata womntwana kufuneka abe liqela lesibini, lesithathu okanye lesine). Kodwa ingxabano enjalo ayidlangalaleni. Ngokuqhelekileyo akunakwenzeka ukuba "wenze abahlobo" ngegazi le-rhesus ukuhlalutya ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Ukulingana okulula
I-Rhesus factor yinye isalathisi segazi. Ukuba likhona, kuthiwa lihle (iR Rh +). Akafunyanwanga egazini? Emva koko kuthiwa yi-negative (Rh-). Ngokomgaqo, ayichaphazeli ubomi kunye nempilo yomntu omdala. Kodwa uqala ukuhlawula ngokukhethekileyo ukuba umfazi okhulelwe unama-Rh, kunye noyise womntwana - uRh +. Kule meko, umntwana unokuzuza i-rhesus enhle kayise, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho inkohlakalo yokulwa ne-rhesus kunye nonina. Yintoni ebonakalayo? Njengokuba kungahambelani kwiqela legazi, ukuphuhliswa kwama-antibodies okukwazi ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu ze-fetus kuqala emzimbeni womama. Siphuthuma ukuqinisekisa! Ukwazi oku, oogqirha bafunde ukuthintela ukwakheka kwamagciwane. Ngaloo ndlela, onke amaRhesus angabinamabhinqa abangenayo i-anti-Rh anti-abdombodies kwiveki yama-28 yokukhulelwa abonisa ukufakwa kwe-immunoglobulin engavumelaniyo phakathi kwe-28 kunye neveki yama-34. E-Ukraine, iyakuthengwa kwiitishi zokumpontshelwa igazi (zasekhaya) okanye kwi-pharmacy (ngaphandle, umgangatho ophezulu).
Ngaba kukho ukungquzulana?
Masithi unakho ukuxabana kwiqela legazi okanye kwi-rhesus (kwaye mhlawumbi kwizibonakaliso ezimbini kanye!). Ngokuqhelekileyo impikiswano eqhubekayo ayichaphazeli isimo sempilo yowesifazane.
Unokuyifumanisa njani ukuba inkqubo engalunganga yaqala egazini ukuhlalutya ngexesha lokukhulelwa? Nika rhoqo igazi ukuze uqinisekise inani (titer) lama-antibodies egazini, oko kukuthi: ngaphambi kweveki ye-32 - kanye ngenyanga; ukususela kwi-32 ukuya kwe-35-kabini ngenyanga; emva kwe-35-nganye ngeveki. Ukuba ama-antibodies egazini atholakala kumanani amancinci, kuya kufuneka utyelele ibhubhoratri kaninzi (ukulandelelanisa i-dynamics). Ngaba i-titer ephezulu? Inokwenzeka ukuba, ibhinqa liza kufakwa esibhedlele, apho kwindawo yokuqala iza kwenziwa i-ultrasound ecacileyo. Kwiimeko ezizodwa, oogqirha banokwenza i-amniocentesis (ukuqokelela i-amniotic fluid ukusuka kwintsholongwane ye-fetal ngaphantsi kolawulo lwe-ultrasound study). Ewe, le nkqubo ayimnandi kwaye ingakhuselekanga, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka kuphela ngale ndlela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunyaniseka kwamanzi, i-titer ye-antibodies kwi-rhesus, kunye nohlobo lwegazi lomntwana. Ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-amniotic fluid, olubonisa ukubola kweeseli ezibomvu ze-fetus, sinqume indlela yokukhulelwa. Kunokwenzeka ukuqhuba i-cordocentesis (ukuthatha igazi kwi-veillical vein phantsi kwe-ultrasound).
Cwangciso so ku sebenza
Awunayo ukukhulelwa kokuqala kunye nephepha eliphezulu le-antibody elibizwa ngegazi? Ezinye izifundo ziqinisekisile ukuba kukho ukuxabana? Kufuneka siqale unyango! Ngokuqhelekileyo iqukethe ukunyuka kwamanzi amavithamini, isisombululo se-glucose. Ukunciphisa inani lama-antibodies egazini likaMama, ugqirha uya kunika umjovo we-immunoglobulin. Ixesha lokuthoba lincinci, kodwa inqaku likhula ngokukhawuleza?
Okukuphela kwezinto: ukusika intambo ikhuthazwa ngokukhawuleza, ngaphandle kokulinda ukupheliswa kwe-pulsation. Ingxabano yabonakala kungekudala ngaphambi kokuzalwa? Umama ukhulelwe esibhedlele ukuze aqaphele rhoqo ubungakanani be-antibodies. Ukuba ukunyuka kubalulekile, kwaye imimiselo yeemvuthu iyaba nzima, ngoko kukhuthazwa kwezabasebenzi okanye icandelo lesahara liya kuboniswa. Emva kokuzalwa komntwana, i-neonatologist iya kuqhutywa ngokukhawuleza. Uphando oluyimfuneko luya kwenziwa kwaye unyango luya kumiselwa ukuphelisa i-anemia, icterus, i-edema. Unethuba lokuphikisana, kodwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, akukho zixhobo eziza kutholakala? Emva kokubeleka kwiiyure ezingama-48, kufuneka unikwe ijojo ye-immunoglobulin ukukhusela ingxabano ekukhulelweni okulandelayo!
Abazali abanengxaki yokukhulelwa, kubonakala ngathi oku kungenxa yokuxabana kwigazi. Kodwa oku akunjalo.