Ukuqhawulwa kweeurotransmitters
I-calcium ion yenza i-vesicles (iincinci ezincinci-ezijikelezwe ngeembombo eziqukethe imichiza-i-neurotransmitters) yesiphelo se-nerve esondela kumlenze we-presynaptic kwaye idibanise nayo, ikhulule i-gap. Iimodoka ze-neurotransmitter zifakela (zingene). Emva kokusebenzisana kwe-neurotransmitter kunye ne-receptor ethile kwi-membrane ye-postsynaptic, ikhutshwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye isithuba sayo esiphezulu sibini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunokwenzeka ukuba ulichithe ngokupheleleyo phantsi kwezenzo zee-enzymes ezisecaleni lokutshintshanisa, ngakwelinye icala - ukutshintshela ukutshintshwa ekupheleni kwe-presynaptic kunye nokwakhiwa kwee vesicle ezintsha. Le ndlela iqinisekisa isenzo esifutshane se-neurotransmitter kwi-molecule ye-receptor. Ezinye iziyobisi ezinqatshelwe, ezifana ne-cocaine, kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswe kumachiza, ukuthintela i-neurotransmitter ukuba ithathwe kwakhona (kwimeko ye-dopamine cocaine). Ngexesha elifanayo, ixesha lokuthatha isenzo saloo mva kwi-postsynaptic membrane receptors lide, elibangela ukuba kubekho umphumo onamandla ngakumbi.
Umsebenzi weMiscular
Ukulawulwa komsebenzi we-muscle kuqhutyelwa ngamagqabhagqabhagqabhagqabhagqabha, ahamba awayuka kumgca wesipelini aze agqitywe ngumbutho we-neuromuscular. Xa i-nerve impulse ifika, i-acetylcholine ikhululwe ekupheleni kweentsholongwane ze-neurotransmitter. Ingena kwi-synaptic cleft kwaye ibophelela kwi-receptors yezicubu ze-muscle. Oku kubangela ukuba i-cascade yeempendulo ezikhokelela ekunciphiseni imicu ye-muscle. Ngaloo ndlela, inkqubo ye-nervous central ilawula ukutyunjwa kwezihlunu ezithile ngasiphi na ixesha. Le ndlela igxininisa ukulawulwa kwezinto ezinjengeenkomfa ezifana nokuhamba. Ingqondo ingummiselo onzima kakhulu; nganye ye-neurons yayo idibanisa namanye amawaka ahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yesantya. Ekubeni iimpembelelo zentsholongwane azifani ngokwamandla, ulwazi kwingqondo lukhokhwa ngesiseko sobunzima babo, oko kukuthi, inani lezenzo ezinokuthi zenzeke ngomzuzwana lubalulekile. Ngandlela-thile, le khowudi ifana nekhowudi ye-Morse. Enye yemisebenzi enzima kakhulu namhlanje ejongene neengcali zeengcali zehlabathi ezizungezeyo iinjongo zokuqonda indlela le nkqubo elula ngayo yokwenza ikhowudi; umzekelo indlela yokuchaza iimvakalelo zomntu ekufeni kwesihlobo okanye umhlobo okanye ukukwazi ukuphosa ibhola ngokuchanekileyo kangangokuthi uhlasele ijolise ukusuka kumgama weemitha ezingama-20. Okwangoku, kuyacaca ukuba ulwazi aludluliswanga ngokukodwa ngokususela kwiselinye yesitya ukuya kwesinye. Ngokuchasene noko, enye i-neuron ingakwazi ukubona ngokufanayo izibonakaliso zentsholongwane kwabanye abaninzi (le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-convergence) kwaye iyakwazi ukuchaphazela inani elikhulu leeseli zesisindo, ukuhlukana.
Synapses
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-synapses: kwezinye, ukusetyenziswa kwe-neuron postsynaptic kwenzeka, kwezinye - ukuvinjelwa kwayo (kuxhomekeke kakhulu kuhlobo lomthumeli olukhutshwayo). I-neuron ikhupha i-nerve impulse xa inani le-stimuli eshukumisayo lidlula inani le-stimuli engavimbelayo.
Amandla ase-synapses
I-neuron nganye ifumana umlinganiselo omkhulu wezinto ezimbini ezinomdla kunye nezivimbelayo. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-synapse nganye inefuthe elikhulu okanye elingaphantsi kwimeko enokwenzeka yokwenza okuthile. I-synapses eneempembelelo ezinkulu zihlala zifumaneka kufuphi nommandla we-nerve impulse kumzimba weselingo senzwa.