Esinye sezihlandlo ezilinde ixesha elide ebomini babo bonke abesifazana kukuqala kokukhulelwa. Akumangalisi ukuba oomama abaninzi abazayo baya kudibanisa ukuvakalelwa ngokuvuma into efunwa njengenyaniso. Kukho imiqondiso emininzi yokukhulelwa:
- Sitshintsha kwiintlobo ezithandwayo kunye neentlobo zentombazana,
- isicaphuko kunye nokuhlanza,
- ukulahleka kwesidlo.
Ukusuka kwinkqubo yeentlanzi - ukulala, ukuguquka rhoqo kwemizwelo, utshintsho kwimvelaphi yomzwelo. Kucacile ukuba, le miqondiso ayikwazi ukubonisa ubungqina obuchanekileyo bokuthi ukhulelwe. Ukupheliswa kwexesha lokunyuka, ukunyuka nokunyameka kweengcambu zentsikazi, ukwabiwa kwebala. Iimpawu ezinjalo zikwazi ukubonisa ukukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, akuyiyo isiqinisekiso, kuba ziyakwenzeka ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwe-hormone emzimbeni. Ukubonakaliswa kweqanda le-fetal kwisigxina se-uterine, ukunyakaza kwe-fetal, ukuphulaphula izitho zentliziyo. Yiyo le miqondiso echanekileyo kukuvumela ukuba ufumane ukukhulelwa, ngoko kuthiwa kuthiwa yinyani. Ukuba iimpawu ezingathandabuzekiyo zingavela kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa, ezinokuthenjelwa zivela emva kweeveki ezi-4 ukuya ku-6 kwaye zichongwa ngoncedo lwe-ultrasound. Kucacile ukuba, kuluhlaza ukuxilonga ukuqala kokukhulelwa kwiimpawu ezingathandabuzekiyo. Yaye ukuba awunakuze ulinde ixesha elide, kwaye ufuna ukukhawuleza ukuba uqiniseke ukuba umcimbi osalindelwe ixesha elide uye wafika, sebenzisa iindlela zamanje zokuxilonga ukukhulelwa.
- Ukulinganiswa kobushushu obushushu
I-thermometer ifakwe kwi-rectum ye-5-7 imizuzu. Iqondo lokushisa lilinganiswa emva kokuvuka, kwaye awukwazi ukuphuma ebhedeni. Ukuba ukushisa kwe-basal iintsuku eziliqela kuneeyure ezingama-37 °, oko kuthetha ukuba ukhulelwe.
- Uvavanyo lokuxilongwa kwangaphambili
Ilinganiselwa kwiintsuku ezingama-1-2 emva kokulibaziseka kokuya esikhathini, nangaliphi ixesha lomhla (ngokukhethekileyo kusasa). Uvavanyo luyancitshiswa kwisitya kunye nomchamo, kwaye ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwama-reagents kunye ne-hCG hormone (eveliswa ngexesha lokukhulelwa), iifayile zibonakalisa. Ukuchaneka kwempendulo kuya kuba phezulu xa uqhuba uvavanyo kathathu. Ngexesha leveki zokuqala ezingama-9 ukuya ku-12, ukuxilongwa kwe-hormone hCG kwanda. Ngoko, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, uvavanyo lokuqala alusebenzanga, ukuvavanywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukhulelwe. Omnye umgca umgca wokulawula, uthi uvavanyo lusebenza. Umgca wesibini ubonisa ukuqala kokukhulelwa. Nangona ulwahlulo lwangaphandle kwiimvavanyo, umgaqo wabo wokusebenza ufana. Isiseko sisabela kumntu othile we-hormone ye-chorionic gonadotropin-hCG. Iqala ukuphuhliswa kwabasetyhini ngexesha lokukhulelwa ukususela kumzuzu nje xa iqanda elichumayo lifakwe eludongeni lwesisu. Le nkunkuma isebenza ekukhuseleni iqanda elichumayo kunye nezimpendulo ze-immune. I-gonadotropin ye-Chorionic idityaniswa kunye nomchamo. I-plate plate yokuhlolwa iyabandakanywa kunye neziganeko ezizikhethekileyo ze-antibody. Badibanisa nehomoni, kwaye ukubola kubonakala kwindawo yendawo. Ubuninzi bovavanyo luphantse ku-100%.
Ziziphi iintlobo zeemvavanyo
- Umgca wovavanyo
Uvavanyo kufuneka lufakwe kwisitya kunye nomchamo, ngokuthe ngqo ukuya kumakethi athile ngexesha eliboniswe kumyalelo. Ukuba awuhambanga imigaqo echazwe kwimigaqo, isibonakaliso asikwazi ukuzaliswa ngokwaneleyo. Ngenxa yoko, uvavanyo luya kunika ulwazi olungalunganga. Ixabiso lentengo yokuvavanya: ixabiso elincinci kuzo zonke iintlobo zeemvavanyo.
- Uvavanyo lwethebhulethi
Le bhokisi ibini "iifestile" ezimbini. Ekuqaleni kufuneka ulahle umchamo omncinci, ukwenzela ukuba i-chemical response reaction ivele. Kungekudala kwifestile yesibini kuya kubakho umphumo. Ixabiso lentengo lovavanyo: ixabiso eliqhelekileyo.
- Vavanyo lweNkjet
Uhlobo lweemvavanyo zanamhlanje. Kudinga ukutshintshwa endaweni yomlambo kwaye emva kwemizuzu emi-5 uya kuqonda umphumo. Ukuba kukho umgca owongezelelweyo, ke ukhulelwe. Uhlobo lovavanyo lwamaxabiso: uhlobo oluthile lweemvavanyo. Ukuba kukho ithuba, akufanele ugcine imali. Okokuqala, kulula ukusebenzisa uvavanyo olunjalo. Okwesibini, luchazwe ngokubhekiselele kuma-reagents angcono kunye nobuthathaka. Iimvavanyo ezibhalwe nge-20 ml ziyabona ukuba "i-hormone yokukhulelwa", nokuba ikhoyo kwixinaniso encinci. Ngenxa yoko, uvavanyo olunjalo luya kuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo kwixesha elidlulileyo lokukhulelwa. Uvavanyo olubhalwe nge-10 mM / ml lugcinwa luncinci kwaye lunolwazi.
Khumbula elinye iphuzu elibalulekileyo. Uvavanyo luya kubonisa umphumo omhle wokuba ukhulelwe, nokuba lukhulelwe okanye lukhulelwe ectopic. Ngoko ke, ukuze uhlolisise ukukhulelwa kwesibeleko esiqhelekileyo, umfazi kufuneka aqinisekise ngogqirha. Kwaye, ke, thabatha iimvavanyo.
- Uhlalutyo lwe-Immunoenzyme
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubalwa kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Ikwazisa kwakhona izinga le-hCG egazini. Ibhinqa alikhulelwe kwizinga le-hCG elingama-unit / litre elingaphantsi kwama-5. Ukuba isibonakaliso singaphantsi kwesiqhelo, kukho isongelo sokukhulelwa kwesisu. Oku kukuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo kokukhulelwa, kuba iziphumo ziqhutywe yindlela yebhubhoratri.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi
Ukulingwa kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Inquma i-hormone ye-trophoblastic beta-globulin, enye yeeprotheyini ze-placenta, engena kwigazi lomfazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kulo hlalutyo, kuya kufuneka unikele ngegazi kwi-vein. Le yindlela yebhubhoratri, kwaye inika ulwazi olupheleleyo malunga nexesha eliqikelelweyo lokukhulelwa kwangaphambili.
- Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasound
Ilinganiselwa kwixesha eli-6-8 lokulibazisa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokuphanda, ingaba yintsholongwane (oko kukuthi, ngokusebenzisa udongeni lwangaphantsi lwangasese) okanye i-transvaginal (xa i-sensor ifakwe kwisini). Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic yeenxalenye zeplavic. Sekudlulileyo kwixesha lokuqala kwisibeleko, unokubona iqanda lomntwana wesine u-4-6 mm ububanzi. Kukho inkolelo yokuba inobungozi yokwenza i-ultrasound ngexesha langaphambili. Enyanisweni, ayikho inyanzeliso yesayensi. Le yindlela echanekileyo yokumisela ukukhulelwa. Ukususela ekuqaleni kokulibaziseka, iinyanga ezimbalwa zidlulile, ukuvavanya ukukhulelwa okanye ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwanikezela umphumo omuhle, kodwa uziva uqhelekileyo - ngaba ufanelekile ukuya kwintlobo yesifo somzimba okanye ulinde? Impendulo ayinakucacile - ngokuqinisekileyo, kubiza, kwaye kwangaphambili, kungcono.
Akukho vavanyo okanye uhlalutyo, kwanokuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa, kuya kukwazi ukuxelela ukukhulelwa okwenzekileyo-uterine okanye i-ectopic. Emva koko, yonke into kukuba ukukhulelwa kwenzekile, "ihomoni ekhulelwe" iqala ukwabiwa. Khawukhumbule nje: iqanda elichumayo kufuneka lisifike kwindawo yokufakelwa kwetayipi. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuthi kwenzeke, sabhala malunga nale nto ngasentla, ukuba ayifumani kwisigumbi sokubeletha, ngoko kuya kuba nokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ngokukhawuleza, emva kokuqinisekiswa kokukhulelwa, ukuba kubonakale kwi-gynecologist. Kwakhona, ukuba uvavanyo lunikeza umphumo ombi, kwaye unokulibaziseka kokuya esikhathini, ungalindi, uye kumgqirhazinzi kunye ne-endocrinologist ukukhawuleza ukuchonga nokuphelisa nayiphi na ingxaki. Ngoku siyazi indlela yokuqikelela ukukhulelwa kwiindawo zokuqala zophuhliso.