Phantse wonke umntu oneminyaka engama-50 ubudala unesifo esithile sokulahlekelwa kwememori. Ngamanye amaxesha ukulibala kokuqala, xa ngokukhawuleza igama lomculi othandwayo okanye igama lefilimu lilibalekile. Kodwa oku kusekude nesifo. Ezi ndlela zokulibala zifumaneka phantse bonke abantu. Ukugula okwenene okuhambelana nokulahlekelwa kwememori, njengomthetho, kuza emva kwexesha elizayo. Kwaye ubizwa ngokuba yi-Alzheimer's disease.
Ukuguga, ukuguga ngokugqithiseleyo kwengqondo kuqala ngokuqulunqwa kwamathala amancinci kunye neengqungquthela kwiminyaka emininzi ngaphambi kokubonakaliswa kokuqala kwesi sifo. Umsebenzi wememori oqhelekileyo uquka inkqubo yokufunda nokukhumbula. Oku kufuna ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwemimandla emininzi yengqondo kunye neeseli zengqondo (neurons) ngaphakathi kwazo. Inqwelana nganye yesisombululo yengqondo yethu ine-axon eyenza njengomnxeba wefowuni ohambisa intshukumo yesibindi kwi-neurons engumakhelwane. I-Neurons ithatha iinjongo ezingenakubalwa ngama-dendrites - iifayili ezinqabileyo ezijikelezayo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo. Ii-neurons zolwazi lokutshintshwa kwengqondo kunye namawaka amasebe aquka ama-axon kunye ne-dendrites, ekupheleni kwawo ngamnye kukho i-synapse ekwazisa ulwazi oluthile. I-neuron nganye inama-synapses ayikhulu lamawaka.
Ukukhipha le nkcazelo kwaye ubuyisela kwakhona kubizwa ngokuba ukhumbula. Le nqubo yenzeka ngokuncediswa kwiprotheyini ekhethekileyo, ekhoyo kwi-cortex yecerebral - uluhlu lwangaphandle oluqulethe ingubo ebomvu. Kwexesha elithile, ulwazi lugcinwe kwi-hippocampus-isakhiwo esikhethekileyo ngendlela yolo lwama-seahorse e-lobe yesikhashana yengqondo. Isebenza njenge-RAM yecomputer, kunye nenkqubo yokuhambisa ulwazi kwimemori engapheliyo, ngexesha apho i-hippocampus idibanisa ne-cortex yengqondo, iyafana nokubhala idatha kwi-drive drive.
Kwimeko nayiphi na imeko, iingqondo zethu zichaphazelekayo ngemifanekiso ebonakalayo, izandi ezidlula kwimemori yethu yangoku, kwaye ziwela kwingingqi yememiselo yesikhashana. Kuphela inkqubo encinci yolwazi kwimemori yesikhashana, sikhumbula. Indlela engcono yokukhumbula ulwazi ixesha elide kukuliphinda, ukuyihambisa ngokukrakra kwingingqi yememori ende. Ukuba ulwazi luhlehlisiwe kwimemori yexesha elide, luya kuba lugqithise ngakumbi kwaye lunokusetyenziswa iminyaka emininzi.
Xa uneminyaka yobudala, imemori yolwazi ihlahloka. Ngeemvakalelo ezinxulumene neminyaka ubudala, kunzima kumntu ukuba akhumbule imicimbi yamva nje kuneziganeko ezidlulileyo. Ukukhubazeka kwememori kubonakala ngakumbi emva kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu. Ukuba ixesha lingaqalisi ukugcina impilo yengqondo, ukutshabalalisa okunxulumene nobudala kwimemori kungahlawulela kwisilinganiso esiphakathi kokukhubazeka kwemisebenzi yengqondo. Utshintsho kwingqondo yethu kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwememori kwenzeka kancane kancane kwaye luqala ngokukhawuleza. Abantu abanengqondo ephantsi bafumana i-Alzheimer's disease rhoqo. Nangona uphando olutshanje lufakazela ukuba oku akusiyo kuphela isizathu. Kuphawula ukuba ingqondo yengqondo kunye neengcinezelo eziqhelekileyo nazo zinempembelelo enkulu ekugugeni kwengqondo. Akukho nto ibaluleke kakhulu ukuba i-genetic predisposition. Ngethuba lokuguga kwengqondo, ukubola kweemveliso kuhlanganiswa, ingqondo idibanisa ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-atrophies.
Ingqondo yomntu ilinganisa i-1.3 kg. Ingqondo yomfazi ingaphezu kwe-1.2 kg. Kukholelwa ukuba nangona ingqondo yowesifazane kwaye ingaphantsi, isebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ubuchule beengqondo zabameli bezesondo ezahlukeneyo zilingana. Ingqondo yesibini i-55% igrey, kunye nendoda - kuphela i-50%. Oku kuchaza ubuchule obuphezulu beelwimi nokuthetha kwabasetyhini, kunye nokukwazi ukuhamba kwindawo kunye nokubona ulwazi olubonakalayo - kumadoda.
Namhlanje, oogqirha banolwazi kunye nekhnoloji evumela ukuba bafumane utshintsho kwingqondo ngexesha lokuqala. Kodwa ngamnye wethu makabe esicinga ngokukhawuleza ngeengxaki zethu ngenkumbulo ukususela kwiminyaka emncinci, kungekhona ukucinga ukuba uyayikhohlwa. Enye yeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokugcina impilo yengqondo kunye nokwenza ngcono imemori yendlela yokusebenza yimbonakalo ye-California neurologist ye-California, uGary Small. Kulabo bafuna ukugcina ingqondo ekhuselekileyo kunye nenkumbulo ebalaseleyo, uDkt. Small unikeza ubuchule bakhe, obubandakanya amaphuzu amathathu.
- Iyokuqala kukubona, apho umntu kufuneka aqonde ngokucacileyo ulwazi.
- Iyesibini ifoto, apho kufuneka udale imifanekiso engqondweni.
- Okwesithathu kubumbano, oko kukuthi, ukubopha imifanekiso yengqondo ibe yinye.