I-genus ye-nightshade yonyaka, utshani obungapheliyo, izihlahla, izitshalo ezinqamlekileyo, okungafanekiyo imithi ephakamileyo okanye ekukhuphukeni. Amagqabi apheleleyo, adibene okanye aqhelekileyo, aphephe okanye aphephe. Izimbali ezininzi zichanekile, ziintlobo zesini, zodwa okanye zizintlu, zizintlanu. Isiqhamo solu hlobo lwesityalo sisiqhamo esinezilwanyana ezimbini. I-Nightshade ngendlela yayo inezityalo ezixabisekileyo - i-eggplants, iitapile, ngamanye amaxesha utamatisi.
Iintlobo.
E-Rashiya, kukho iintlobo ezingamashumi amabini ezikhulayo zasendle.
Ngokomzekelo, i-nightshade enobubabayo (S. dulcamara) iyisiqingatha-shrub kunye neentambo zokunyuka, iintyatyambo ziyi-lilac, kwaye amajikijolo abomvu. Ikhula kwingxenye esezantsi yeNtshona Siberia kwaye ngokubanzi kwiindawo zaseYurophu kwiimithombo ezimanzi, imifula, amahlathi, kunye neenxweme zamanxweme.
I-Black nightshade (S. nigrum) - isityalo sonyaka kunye neentyantyambo ezimhlophe kakhulu, kunye namajikizi amnyama (ngamanye amaxesha kukho amajikijolo ombala ohlaza). Ngendlela yokhula ukhula kufuphi nezindlu, kwimiyezo kunye nemifuno yezityalo.
Zombini iintlobo ekubunjweni kwazo ziqulethe into enetyhefu - alkaloid solanine, engabangela ubuthi.
I-nightshade ebomthiweyo (S. laciniatum). Ilizwe lale ntlobo yi-Australia. Ngokwakheko luneglycoalkaloids (solamargin kunye nelasonsonin), esetyenziselwa ukufumana i-hormone enjalo njenge-cortisone kunye neprogesterone. Ezi hormone zisetyenziswe kwiyeza. Ngendlela yesityalo sonyaka esakhula kwi-Krasnodar Territory.
Uninzi lweentlobo ze-nightshade zikhulile njengezityalo zokuhlobisa kwiintsimi. Nazi ezinye zazo: i-nightshade emnyama emnyama, i-fringed nightshade. Kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo kunye negumbi leemeko zepupper nightshade ikhulile.
Kwiimeko zegumbi, i-nightshade idinga ukunakekelwa okunye: ukutshiza rhoqo, ukusika izikhatho ngexesha, ukushisa okupholileyo ebusika. Ukuba oko kungenziwanga, isityalo siya kuphelelwa lixesha ngokukhawuleza.
Ukunyamekela kwendawo yokuhlala.
I-Nightshade isityalo esinezithombe ezibonakalayo, ngoko ke ngokuqhelekileyo umsebenzi oqhelekileyo umbane oqhekekileyo oqhekekileyo ufunekayo. Imizila eqhelekileyo yelanga ilinzima. Ikhula kakuhle kufuphi nefestile yentshona kunye nefestile yempuma. Ngasemva kwewindow eseningizimu, i-nightshade kufuneka ibe yi-pritenyat.
Ehlotyeni, indawo yesityalo ilungele ukukhupha i-nightshade kwisitrato, kodwa kufuneka ikhuselwe kungekuphela kwimizila yelanga (ukugwema ukushisa kwelanga), kodwa ukusuka kwiimpawu kunye neempuphu. Kwizitrato kwindawo yokuvulela emoyeni izakuzisa iziqhamo ezininzi, kunokuba zikhulile kwigumbi.
Ebusika, kufuneka ucinge ngokukhanya okungeziwe. Ukungabikho kokukhanyisa kubangela ukuba isityalo siqhakaza kakuhle, sivuno kwaye kukho amacembe ambalwa kuwo.
I-plant nightshade kungekhona nje entwasahlobo, kodwa nakwihlobo likwacetyiswa ukuba lihlale kuma-18-25 degrees. Kwaye ekwindla nasebusika isityalo siza kuba neziqhamo kwi-12-15 degrees. Ukuba ukushisa ebusika kungaphezu kwe-18 о С, ngoko amaqabunga aqala ukujika kwaye aphephe, kwaye amajikijolo aqhaqhawule aze aqale ukunyuka. Ukongeza, ngeli xesha, isityalo sidinga umoya omtsha, kodwa asiyi kuqulunqwa.
Ukunkcenkceshela okuninzi (ngo-Apreli-Septemba).
Kulo gumbi iziganeko ngexesha lokusukela ngo-Oktobha ukuya kuFebhuwari, isityalo sinyanzeliswa ngenxa yokunciphisa umswakama womoya kunye nokukhanya okuncitshiswayo, kwithuba lokuphumla. Ekuqaleni kweli xesha, i-nightshade ifakwe kwigumbi elipholileyo, apho kugcinwa khona umswakama ophezulu. Ukuxiliswa ngeli xesha kufuneka kuhlonywe kwaye kugcinwe ukuze kubekho ukutshatyalaliswa kwezihlumela ezintsha, kwaye ukunyusa kufuneka kwandiswe kancane.
Iindleko ze-humidity zithintela ixesha lokufumba, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba kugcinwe ubuncinane ama-65 ekhulwini.
I-Nightshade imele ifakwe rhoqo, ifaneleka ukuba ifake isitya kunye nesityalo kwi-pallet, esele izaliswe ngamagqabha amanzi, udongwe olunwetshiwe okanye i-peat. Umzantsi wesitya kufuneka ube ngaphezu kwamanzi, kodwa kungekhona emanzini.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyenziwa ngoMeyi-Septemba kunye nezichumisi ezikhethekileyo zezichumisi kanye ngeveki okanye kwiiveki ezimbini. Umququzelelo kufuneka uthatyathwe kwiintyatyambo zangaphakathi.
Ekupheleni kwexesha lebusika, amajikijolo ahlanjululwa kwaye amaqabunga aphendubile, kwaye emva koko i-nightshade igqitywe kwi 1/3 yokuphakama, ibe yatshintshwa ibe ngumhlaba omtsha. Ekwindla, iziphelo zezihluma ezingapheliyo kufuneka zihlulwe.
Ukutshintshwa kwe-nightshade kuyenziwa emva kokutyala iminyaka yonke ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo.
I-substrate efanelekileyo: izingxenye ezilinganayo zeqabunga kunye ne-turf, umhlaba. Okanye okunjalo: isanti (inxalenye e-1) kunye neengxenye ezimbini ze-turf, i-peat, i-humus emhlabeni. Umlambo olungileyo unyanzelekile, oku kuya kuthintela ukutshabalalisa inkqubo yeengcambu.
Ukuzaliswa.
Esi sityalo sangaphakathi sandisa ngokucoca kunye nembewu.
Imbewu iphindaphinda kaninzi entwasahlobo, kuba le mbewu ihlwayelwa emhlabeni ohlanjelweyo (ngokuqinisekileyo iqabile) kwaye ihlume ngaphantsi kweglasi ngexesha lokushisa kwama-degrees angama-20, kodwa kungabi ngaphezu kwama-degrees angama-22. Imbewu ihlwayelwa phezu komhlaba kwaye ihlanganiswe ngqongqwana elincinane lentlabathi elihlwayelweyo. Kwiiveki ezimbini kamva zivela. Emva kokutshintshwa kwezinto ezimbini, isityalo esincinci sidibene kwiibhotile kunye ne-substrate elandelayo: i-humus (iindawo ezi-2), isanti kunye nomhlaba we-turf (1 inxalenye nganye) kwaye imbopheleleko iyanqunyulwa. Ehlobo, izityalo ezincinci kufuneka zinqunywe ngamaxesha amaninzi, oku kuyimfuneko ukuvuselela i-branching.
Ukuzaliswa ngokucoca kunokwenzeka kwixesha lehlobo lasehlobo. Ngaloo nto injongo yokunqunyulwa kwe-rooting ifakelwe kwisanti enomanzi okanye i-perlite (ungathatha umxube onamalungu afana nesanti kunye nepeat). Emva kokuba isiqhamo sithintele, sitshiswa kwisitya kunye nomhlaba oqulethwe: isanti kunye nomhlaba we-turf (1 inxalenye nganye) kunye neengxenye ezimbini ze-humus, ukuxubusha kuyimfuneko. Ehlobo, izityalo ezincinci kufuneka zinqunywe ngamaxesha amaninzi, eziza kubangela ukukhuthazwa kwamashishini angcono.
Ukuqapha: amajikijolo ahamba emnandi kwaye aqaqambileyo, kodwa aqukethe izinto ezinobuthi, ngoko ukuba indlu inabantwana abancinci, ukuphepha ukutyhefuza, kuyimfuneko yokuqapha.
Ubunzima obunokwenzeka.
Bambalwa amajikijolo. Kule meko, unokwenza iipilisi ze-nightshade zifake i-brashi epholileyo.
Ebusika, iziqhamo namaqabunga awela. Isizathu kukuba igumbi lome kakhulu kwaye umoya ufudumele.
Yonakaliswe: iifubhi, isicabucu (ikakhulukazi ukuba isityalo sigcinwe kwigumbi elinomoya omile), i-aphids, whitefly.