Ngowe-1922, i-V.I. UVernadsky wavelisa imfundiso ye-noosphere, apho ingxaki yokusebenzisana nayo nayiphi na into ephilayo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zamakhemikhali, eziqulethwe kuzo "njengendlela", yaqwalaselwa. Ngokuthe ngqo kulezi zinto, usosayensi ubandakanyeke kakhulu kwiinkqubo zobomi. Kwaye uDkt. G. Schroeder wathi: "Izinto ezincinci zibaluleke ngakumbi ekudleni kwabantu kunamavithamini ... Uninzi lwamavithamini lunokudibanisa emzimbeni, kodwa alukwazi ukuvelisa inani leemaminerali ezifunekayo kwaye lususe ngokuzimela."
Ukungabikho kunye nokugqithisa kuyingozi
Iimeko ezininzi zezilwanyana ezibangelwa ukusilela, ukugqithisa okanye ukungalingani kwamacilisi emzimbeni womntu, kuthiwa yi-microelementosis. Izifundo zibonise ukuba abantu abane-4% kuphela abanalo ukuphulwa kwe-mineral metabolism, kwaye ezi ngxaki ziyisisiseko okanye isibonakaliso sezifo ezininzi eziyaziwayo. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-300 kwihlabathi, umzekelo, kukho ukusilela kwe-iodine (ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinomathotholo). Ngelo xesha, umntu ngamnye weshumi unesimo esibi, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni kweengqondo.
Emzimbeni womntu, izinto ezilandelwayo zifumaneka kwiindidi eziphilayo eziphilayo, i-enzyme, iivithamini, i-hormone, i-pigment respiratory pigments, njl. Nendima ye-microelements ibangelwa kwimisebenzi yamandla.
Kubaluleke kakhulu phakathi kokubaluleka
Ezi macronutrients ezifana ne-calcium, i-magnesium, i-potassium, i-sodium.
Umzimba omdala uqulethe malunga ne-1000 g ye-CALCIUM, ngelixa i-99% yayo ifakwe kwisigidi. I-calcium inikezela ngokuqhelekileyo ukusebenza kwezicubu ze-muscle, i-myocardium, izicubu zesifo, isikhumba, ukubunjwa kweethambo zamathambo, ukuncipha kwamazinyo, kuthatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokuqhawula igazi, i-cellular metabolism, isekela i-homeostasis.
Izizathu zokunqongophala kwe-calcium zingaba: ukunyuswa kokusetyenziswa ngenxa yokuxinezeleka, ubuninzi emzimbeni we-magnesium, i-potassium, i-sodium, isinyithi, i-zinc, inkokheli. Ukwandiswa komxholo wayo kudibene nokuphuhliswa kwezifo zesistim se-nervous, ukungalingani kwamakhomoni. Imfuno yansuku zonke yomzimba omdala womntu kwi-calcium ngu-0.8-1.2 g.
Kwama-25 g we-MAGNESIUM equlethwe emzimbeni, ama-50-60% agxilwe emathanjeni, i-1% kwi-extracellular fluid, ezinye iiseli zesisu. I-Magnesium ibandakanyeka kwimimiselo yokuqhuba i-neuromuscular, ivuselela ukubunjwa kwamaprotheni, i-nucleic acids, iyanciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, inhibisa ukuhlanganiswa kweplatelet. Ii-enzymes ezine-Magnesium kunye ne-magnesium ions ziqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye neenkqubo zeplastiki kwiisishu zamanzi. Iqondo le-magnesium lichaphazela ukulawulwa kwe-lipid metabolism. Ukusilela kwayo kubangelwa ukulala, ukuguquka kwemizwelo, ukunyameka kwamathambo, ukuxinwa, i-tachycardia, kwandisa ingozi yokubetha. Isidingo sokuvelisa i-magnesium ngu-0.3-0.5 g ngosuku.
Ixabiso elikhulu lee-ZINC lifumaneka kwesikhumba, iinwele, izicubu zomzimba, iiseli zegazi. Isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweprotheni, ithatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokwahlukana kweeseli kunye nokwahlukana, ukubunjwa kwe-immunity, umsebenzi we-inscinatic insulin, i-hematopoiesis, inendima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. I-Zinc inokukwazi ukukhusela i-endothelium ye-vascular kwi-atherosclerosis nase-cerebral ischemia. Ukutshintshwa kwalo kungaphazamiseka phantsi kwempembelelo yamanani amakhulu ensimbi. Isizathu sokunqongophala kwe-zinc sinokusetyenziswa kwandiswa ngexesha lokuphulukana kwesigulane. Imfuno yansuku zonke yomntu omdala kwi-zinc ingumthamo we-10-15 mg.
I-COPPER iqukethe iivithamini, i-hormone, i-enzyme, i-pigment. Le nxalenye ibandakanyeka kwinkqubo ye-metabolism, kwinkqubo yokuphefumula kwezicubu. I-Copper inoxanduva lokuxinwa kweendonga zeemithana yegazi, isakhiwo samathambo kunye ne-cartilage, inxalenye yengxube ye-myelin yentsholongwane, isebenza kwi-carbohydrate metabolism - ikhawuleza i-oxidation ye-glucose kwaye inqanda ukuphuka kwe-glycogen esibindi. Ukuntuleka kobhedu kubonakaliswa kukuphulwa kwe-lipid metabolism, okuye kwakhawuleza uphuhliso lwe-atherosclerosis. Ukukhawuleza ukukhula, i-anemia, i-dermatosis, i-graying, ukulahleka kwesisindo, i-carroac muscle i-atrophy ifana nokungabi nobhedu, imfuneko yokufikelela kwi-2-5 mg ngosuku.
Umzimba omdala uqulethe malunga ne-3-5 g ye-IRON, echaphazelekayo ekudlulisweni kwe-oksijeni, iinkqubo zamandla ezinamandla, i-cholesterol metabolism, inika imisebenzi yokuzivikela. Ukungabikho kwintsimbi ebaluleke kakhulu kubangela ukuncipha komsebenzi wee-enzyme, iiprotheni-receptors, ezibandakanya le nto, ukuphulwa kwemveliso ye-neurotransmitters, i-myelin. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukungalingani kwesebe emzimbeni kunomthelela ekubanjeni ukwanda kwezinto ezinobuthi kwi-system central nervous system. Imfuno yansuku zonke yomntu omdala ngu-15 mg yesitye.
I-ALUMINUM inoxanduva lokuphuhliswa nokuhlaziywa kwezinto ezixhamlayo, i-epithelial kunye neethambo, kwaye ikwabizwa kwakhona ukuba ifuthe ekusebenzeni kwenzalo ye-glands ye-digestive kunye ne-enzyme.
I-MARGANETS iqulethwe kuzo zonke izicubu kunye nezitho, zinoxanduva lwenkqubo ye-nervous central, inokuchaphazela ukuphuhliswa kwamathambo, iyakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiimpendulo zomzimba, izifo zomoya zokuphefumula, ukulawula i-blood glucose level. Imfuno yemihla ngemihla ye-manganese i-2-7 mg.
I-Cobalt liyinxalenye yevithamini B12. Umsebenzi walo ukukhuthaza i-hematopoiesis, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwi-synthesis of protins kunye nokulawula i-carbohydrates metabolism.
Phantse yonke i-fluoride emzimbeni wethu igxile kumathambo namazinyo. Ngokunyuka kwe-fluoride emanzini okusela ukuya ku-1-1.5 mg / l, umngcipheko wokuphuculwa kwee-caries uyancipha, kwaye ngaphezu kwe-2-3 mg / l i-fluorosis inokuphuhlisa. Ukudla kwe-fluoride emzimbeni womntu kwisixa semali ye-1.5-4 mg ngosuku kuthathwa njengesiqhelo.
I-SELEN ikhona kwinani le-enzyme eziyinxalenye yesistimu ye-antioxidant yeeseli. Igalelo lokutshintshiselwa kwamaprotheni, lipids kunye ne-carbohydrates, inokunciphisa ukuguga, ikhusele ngokungekho kwempahla enzima. Ingxube ephezulu ye-selenium kwi-retina yelihlo ibonisa ukuba ithatha inxaxheba kwimifanekiso ye-photochemical yokujonga ukukhanya.
Izifo "zokuqokelela", ukulahleka kwezifo
Ngokweminyaka yobudala, umxholo wezinto ezininzi ezincinane (i-aluminium, i-chlorine, i-lead, i-fluorine, i-nickel) emzimbeni ukwanda. Oku kubonakala kwizifo "zokuqokelela" - ukuhlaziya isifo se-Alzheimer, isifo sika-Parkinson, i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Ukungaphumeleli okanye ubuninzi be-macro-, i-microelements ngexesha lethu ngokuyininzi ngenxa yendalo yokutya, apho iimveliso ezihlambulukileyo, ezicwangcisiweyo kunye neengqungquthela, zihlambulukileyo, zihlambulukileyo kwaye zanciphisa amanzi okusela. Oku kufuneka kudibaniswe ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala. Ukuxinezeleka, ngokomzimba okanye ngokomzwelo, kunakho ukudala ukungabikho kwezixhobo ezifunekayo kunye nezidibeneyo.
Ukwenziwa kwamacronutrients kukhokelela ekusebenziseni ngokugqithiseleyo iziyobisi zokwenziwa:
- I-Diuretics inokubangela ukungabikho kwe-potassium, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-sodium engaphezulu;
- I-Antacids, i-Citramon iqulethe i-aluminium, leyo, ekuhlanganiseni, ifake isandla ekuphuhliseni izifo eziphazamisayo kunye ne-osteomalacia;
- Izityalo zokukhulelwa, iziyobisi ezinqabileyo zibangele ukungqubuzana kwebhedu kunye nokufumaneka kwe-arthritis ne-arthrosis.
Ukusetyenziswa kwendima ye-microelements emzimbeni womntu kwiyeza lonyango lisekunye. Kwonyango lweentlobo ezithile ze-anemia, isinyithi, i-cobalt, ubhedu, amalungiselelo e-manganese asetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo. Njengeziyobisi, iziyobisi ze-bromine kunye ne-iodine nazo zisetyenziswa. Ukunyangwa kwezifo zesistim se-nervous, ezisetyenziswayo, eziqulethe izinto ezibalulekileyo (ukufaka isandla kwisenzo esisebenzayo sonyango kunye nokubuyiselwa kwemisebenzi engekho kakuhle).
KUBALULEKILE! I-Microelements ziyinxalenye yendlela yokwelapha kunye nokukhusela izithambile, izongezo zokutya. Kodwa ukwamkelwa kwabo okungalawulwayo kungabangela ukungalingani kwamakhamzimba, oogqirha abaye baxhalabisa ngalo ngoku.