I-Melanoma enye yeentlobo zesifo somhlaza wesikhumba. Engaqhelekanga kunezinye iintlobo zezilonda ezikhukhulayo, kodwa ziyingozi. I-Melanoma ichaphazela ikakhulu isikhumba, kodwa inokunika i-metastases kwaye isasazeka emathanjeni nakwamalungu angaphakathi. Olu hlobo lomhlaza kwesikhumba sobuso alufunyananga lufumaneke. Nangona kunjalo, abanye besetyhini baqhubeka bejonga kwiimpawu zokuzalwa zabo, bezama ukukrokraza i-melanoma ebusweni babo. Abasetyhini abanjalo baya kuba luncedo ukwazi zonke iimpawu zesifo esi.
Impawu zo kuqala
Uphawu oluphawulekayo kunye olubalulekileyo lokuphuhliswa kwe-melanoma naluphi na utshintsho kubukhulu, imo okanye umbala weavus, kunye naluphi na ulunye ulonda olusuhlaza kwesikhumba, umzekelo, i-birthmark. Ngeenguqu ezenzekayo, kufuneka ugcine ixesha elithile (ukususela ngeveki ukuya kwenyanga). Ukubamba utshintsho, ungasebenzisa ulawulo lwe-ABCDE. Kuya kunceda ukuvavanya utshintsho kwindlela yokwakhiwa kwesikhumba kuwe kunye neengcali. Ngoko, i-abbreviation ye-ABCDE ithetha:
- "A" (isiNgesi asymmetry - asymmetry). Umlinganiselo wokukhula okungaqhelekanga, xa ukukhula kukhankanywa ngakumbi kwi-edge yeavus.
- "B" (umngcele weNgesi umqobo). Iimpawu zomgca weavus, umzekelo, onobuqili, obunqambileyo, obonakele, njl njl.
- "C" (Umbala wesiNgesi umbala). Umlinganiselo wokutshatyalaliswa kwevus. Ukuphuhliswa kwe-melanoma kungabonakaliswa ngombala we-pigmentation, ubukho bazo zonke i-shades ze-tan (ukusuka kumbala obomvu ukuya kumnyama). Mhlawumbi ubukho bomhlophe obomvu, obomvu, obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obunikeza indawo enemibala ebonakalayo. Utshintsho olunjalo ngohlobo lwe-pigmentation, ngokukodwa xa lusasazeka kwimida ye-nevus kwiimfucu ezijikelezileyo, ikwaqwalaselwa njengento yokuqala yokuphuhliswa kwe-melanoma.
- "D" (ububanzi - ububanzi, ubukhulu). Nayiphi na ukukhula kwezilonda ezinemibala elukhumbeni kufuneka kube yinto ephazamisayo. Ngokukodwa ukuba indawo enamabala okanye i-nevus yanda ngobukhulu ngaphezu kwe-0.6 cm okanye, umzekelo, ubukhulu be-eraser ipencil.
- "E" (ukuziphendukela kwemvelo - ukuguquka kwemvelo, ngombono wophuhliso). Naluphina utshintsho kubukhulu kunye nomlo, ukubonakala kweempawu ezintsha (intlungu okanye ukubetha), ukuphazamiseka komgangatho, ukuguquka, ukutshintsha kwimibala yeentlobo ezinemibala kungabonakalisa ukuphuhliswa kwe-melanoma.
Ezi zilandelayo zibonwa njengeempawu ze-melanoma:
- Ukuphakama okanye ukuqina kwendawo yesikhumba se-nevus, esasiguqule.
- Utshintsho kwimimandla yomhlaba, umzekelo, ukubonakala kokukhushulwa, ukulwa, ukuphaphaza okanye ukuhlamba.
- Ukususela kumathambo ajikelezileyo kunokubonakala utshintsho ngendlela yobomvu, ukuvuvukala, amathala amancinci amancinci, ezungeze i-lesion enkulu, okubizwa ngokuba yi-satellite pigmentation.
- Ubonakaliso bendawo luyancitshiswa ukuba buxube, bube buhlungu okanye buvutha.
- Kunokwenzeka ukuba utshintshe ukuthembeka, ukuhambelana, umzekelo, ukunciphisa okanye ukwahlukana zibe ziincinci ezincinci, iinxalenye ezihlukana kalula, ukubonakala kokukhubeka.
Ukuphuhliswa kwe-melanoma kunokubangela i-nevus ekhoyo okanye enye indawo ye-pigmentation spot on the skin, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuhlakulela ukukhula komhlaza kwaye kungabikho abaphambili. I-Melanoma inokuphuhliswa kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye yesikhumba, kodwa idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumqolo ongaphezulu kumabhinqa namadoda kunye nasemilenzeni kwisiqingatha esinyanzeleyo sabantu. Iimeko zokubonakala kwe-melanoma kwiintendelezo, i-soles, i-nail bed, kwi-membrane ye-mucous yomlomo womlomo, i-rectum, isondo, i-anus ichazwa. Abantu asebekhulile banomdla wokuvelisa i-melanoma elukhumbeni lobuso. Kwamadoda amadala, ukuhlala kwawo kuqhelekile entanyeni, entloko nakwii-auricles.
Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ezinye izifo zesikhumba zinemibonakalo efanayo ne-melanoma. Ezi zifo ziquka iilts, seborrheic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma.
Ukubonakaliswa kokugqibela kwe-melanoma
Iimpawu zexesha elidlulileyo ze-melanoma ziquka:
- ukuphuma kumagundane e-nevus kunye namabala e-pigment, iinyembezi zesikhumba kwisayithi yazo;
- intlungu ekuphuhliseni i-melanoma.
I-melanoma yeMetastoma inezimpawu ezingacacanga, ezingaqhelekanga, kubandakanywa: ukwandiswa kwee-lymph nodes, ingakumbi kwi-groin kunye ne-armpit, ukubonakala kweempawu ezinqabileyo ezingenombabala phantsi kwesikhumba, ukulahleka kobunzima, i-melanosis (isikhumba esikhatywayo), ukukhwehlela ixesha elide, intloko.