Umsebenzi wee-parasites ubangela ukubetha okukhulu, ngakumbi ebusuku. Esi sifo sithunyelwa ngokulula (umxhatshazo womzimba, umzekelo, ngokugubha izandla. Amalungu entsapho kunye namaqabane olwabelana ngesondo omntu ogulayo asemngciphekweni omkhulu wokusuleleka). I-scabies intshi, unyango lwe-scabi - kwinqaku lethu.
I-Scabies mite
I-agent ye-scuses ye-scusy (i-scabies mites) ye-arsenal ye-species of scabies. Iikhiza zezilwanyana zide ubude malunga ne-0.4 mm. Zifakwe elukhumbeni kwaye zichithe kuwo umjikelezo wazo wobomi, kuquka ukutya kunye nokuvelisa. Amadoda ayincinci - malunga ne-2 2 mm ubude. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezibungu kuvela kwiindinyana ze-scaly ezenziwe ngumfazi. Emva kokuzala, indoda iyafa. Isantya sokubethelwa kwesikhumba malunga ne-2 mm ngosuku. Kule meko, umlenze wesibhokazi ubeka amaqanda ama-2-3. Emva kweentsuku ezi-3, izibungu zivela kwiiqanda, ezivuthwa ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezili-10 ukuya ku-14. Umntu omdala uhlalisa ubomi iintsuku ezingama-30. Amaqanda angagcinwa ngaphandle komzimba wokusingatha iintsuku ezili-10, kodwa umthi omdala angaphila kwindawo yangaphandle ngaphandle kwamahora angama-36. Isigulane esinama-scabi, ngokwesantya, sisuleleke kwi-10 yezilwanyana ezindala. Inani labo lixhomekeke kubukhulu bokudibanisa. Ngesihlandlo sokuqala isifo se-scabi sachazwa kwi-XVII inkulungwane. Kodwa, nangona kuphuculwe kweemeko zokuhlambulula intlalo, ukuxhaphaka kwayo akuyekanga. Abantu abayizigidi ezingama-300 bagula minyaka yonke kwihlabathi leengqungquthela. Izinga eliphezulu lemigangatho liyabonwa kumazwe asakhulayo.
Ngubani ochaphazelekayo sisifo?
Iingqungquthela zichaphazelekayo ngamadoda kunye nabasetyhini, eziphathelele kuzo zonke iintlanga nakwiiklasi zentlalo-qoqosho. Esi sifo sidluliselwa ngoqhagamshelwano lomzimba. Isihlwele esikhulu sabantu, ukugqithisa, kuboniswe kwiindawo ezihluphekileyo zoluntu, izibhedlele kunye neentolongo kunokubangela ukuba izifo zifikeleleke. Iingqungquthela zihlala zichaphazeleka ngabantwana. Ukongezelela, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane phakathi kwabo kubanzi kakhulu kunabantu abadala. Emazweni athuthukileyo, izifo zesifo se-scabi ziphindaphindiwe ngexesha eli-10-15 leminyaka. Iingqayi ngokuqhelekileyo azihambisani neengxaki kwaye ziphathwa ngokuphumelelayo ngoncedo lweoli ekhethekileyo, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunokunxulumana nokungahambi kakuhle. Iikiti ezithintela izilwanyana zasekhaya, ezifana nezinja, zingeniswa emzimbeni womntu ngexesha elifutshane. Usulelo lweentlobo zeekhakishi luhamba kunye nokukhwabanisa okukhulu, kodwa umjikelezo wobomi we-parasite awukwazi ukuphela emzimbeni womntu, ngoko ukuhlasela kungapheli. Iingqabunga zihlala ziphazamisa kwiindawo zokudibanisa, iifolda zesikhumba, phantsi kweengcambu ezincinci, zijikeleze iimbumba kunye nenamba. Kubantu, i-parasite inokuphila kwakhona kwizitho zangasese, kubantwana abancinci, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukulimala kweenyawo kubonwa. Iphazamisa ngokukhawuleza isikhumba sentamo nentloko. Uphawu oluphambili lwe-scabi lubuhlungu busika, njengokuba kusemini ubusuku bentombazana ebenzileyo benza izibetho esikhumbeni. Ukutshiza kubonakala nangenxa yokuphuhliswa komzimba womntu kumanqamzana omthi, kunye namaqanda awabekwe wona. Ukunyuka kwezilwanyana kukhula ngaphakathi kweeveki ezi-4-6, ngoko ke izilonda ezininzi kwiimigangatho zokuqala zingabonakaliyo. Ukuqhagamshelana ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-parasite kubangela ukubonakaliswa kwangoku kweempawu. Ukuxilongwa kuxhomekeke kwi-anamnesis yesigulane, kwakunye nokufumanisa i-characteristic isch ehamba kwesikhumba. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuxilongwa kungaqinisekiswa ngokukhipha ikethi echazwe ekupheleni kwesifo, esilandelwa ngokuchonga okubonakalayo. Ukuba i-parasite ayikwazi ukufunyanwa, ugqirha unokunyathela ngokucophelela okubhaliweyo ngesitepsi kwaye ahlolisise izinto eziphethwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Ubukho kwi sampulu yamaqanda, izilwanyana okanye iimfesi zazo ziqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Iingqungquthela azisoloko zihamba neengxaki ezinzima. Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki zingenzeka kubantu abanengxaki yokukhathazeka kwesikhumba, kunye nokukhangela ngokugqithisileyo kwesikhumba kunye nokuqhotyoshelweyo kwintsholongwane yesibini. Ekugxilweni kwentsholongwane kwesikhumba, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yesibini kunokukhula, okwenzeka kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kubangela ukulimala kweentso. Kwizigulane ezinokukhubazeka okanye ukukhathazeka ngenxa yokulimala ngenxa yentsholongwane kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, iimpawu ze-pruritus azikho kwaye azikho ekuboneni ukutshitshiswa.
Izibizo zaseNorway
I-scabi yesiNorway ibonakaliswe ngokusungulwa kwenani elikhulu lezilwanyana emzimbeni kunye nokungabikho kokubamba. Esi sifo sitholile igama elinjalo, kuba okokuqala kwachazwa kwizigulane ezineqhenqa (iqhenqa) eNorway. Ikhumba elincinciweyo liba lukhulu kwaye lukhuni. Iikiti ziyakwazi ukusabalalisa kuwo wonke umzimba. Kwisikhumba esibandakanya isikhumba, kukho inani elikhulu leekhaksi, ezikuthi, xa zihluthwe, zingakhokelela ekukhuselweni kwabantu abaqhagamshelana nophuhliso lwee-scabi eziqhelekileyo.
Unyango
Kubalulekile ukuba onke amalungu entsapho afunyaniswe ukuba neentlobo ze-scabi ayaphathwa. Ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo imiyalelo emiselweyo. Kukho inani elikhulu leziyobisi ezichasayo, ezibandakanya izithako ezinjalo njenge-malathion, i-permetrin, i-crotamiton ne-benzyl benzoate. Kwezinye iimeko, ivermectin ye-antitiscalant i-system isetyenziswa, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zendawo zisebenza ngokubanzi. Amanye amayeza aphikisana nabantwana nabafazi abakhulelweyo. Kwimeko ye-scabi ye-classic, i-agent anti-Scab isetyenziswe kuwo wonke umzimba, uqala entanyeni, kuquka iisondo kunye neenyawo. Kufuneka ishiywe esikhwameni ukuze isebenze iiyure ezingama-24, emva koko kufuneka ihlanjwe. Ukutshiza kunye nezilonda kwesikhumba kubangelwa ukuphendulela kwezilwanyana kunye namaqanda. Ezi zimpawu zingapheli kwiiveki ezingama-6 emva kokuba izidumbu zipheliswe. Iingcebiso ezikhethekileyo zendawo zisiza ukunciphisa iimpawu ezingathandekiyo. Ngokusuleleka kwintsholongwane yesibini, kukho i-anti-antibiotic therapy. Unyango lwama-scabi aseNorway luquka ukuphindaphinda kwekhosi. Isigulane sifanele sinqume izikhonkwane kwaye sisebenzise anti-steroids phantsi kwazo. Izikali ze-isikhumba kufuneka zicatshulwe ngokucophelela usebenzisa i-toothbrush. Isiyobisi esichasene nesixhobo sisetyenziswe kuwo wonke umzimba, kuquka intloko. Unyango lwabantu abadibana nesigulane se-Norwegian scabies senziwa ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo kwifom ye-classical yesifo.