Izityalo zolu hlobo ziquka iintende kunye nomthi onqabileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo izilwanyana ezininzi), apho kukho izikhonkwane ezinemibala. Amaqabunga ezityalo aphilileyo, aluhlaza okombala, amaqabunga angama-lanceolate, i-comb-erect, echanekileyo kwi-pepe, ikhona kakhulu.
Isundu esilukhulile ekhaya se-ark esinezinambuzane ezinobuthi, apho abemi base-mpuma ye-Asia benza i-chewing gum enegama elifanayo "betel". Le gum isswe kakhulu-isetyenziswe njengento evuselelayo kunye neengxabano.
Iintlobo.
- Areca triandra Roxb. ex. Buch. Ndikhoyo. okanye i-Areca imithombo emithathu. Ikhula kwi-peninsula yaseMalacca naseIndiya. Unobuncinane obunqabileyo, obunamacwecwe ngendlela yemigodi yamatye, ngalinye likhula liye kumitha ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Ububanzi beetrunk ngu 2.5-5 cm. Amagqabi amathala emithombo yamathathu ubude ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye kunye neekhilomitha eziliqingatha, ngqo. Iiflethi zesityalo ezide ukusuka kwi-45 ukuya kuma-90 cm, ububanzi ukusuka kwi-2,5 ukuya ku-3,5 ububanzi, i-drooping. I-axlory Inflorescence, ukuya kwiimitha ezide. Iintyatyambo zimhlophe kwaye zivumba. Isiqhamo singama-2.5 centimeters ubude. Olu hlobo lwe-areca luyabonwa njengento yokuhlobisa, kwaye luyalinywa ikakhulu kumagumbi atshisayo.
- Areca lutescens hort. okanye iArtca yellowing. Le ntlobo inezinye amagama: Dypsis lutescens H. Wendl. I-Beentje & J. Dransf.) Okanye i-Dipsis i-yellowing ne-Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl. okanye uCrysalidocarpus yellowing. Ikhula eMalaysia. I-Areca yellowing ine-trunk eqondileyo, esincinci, enomthi, odla ngokufikelela kwimitha ezili-10 ukuphakama. Amaqabunga esi sityalo aphikisiwe, i-curcuate ephihliweyo, malunga ne-1-1.3 yamitha ubude. Amaqabunga afanelekile kwaye afinyelele ubude bee-20-35 ngamentimitha, kunye nobubanzi beentimitha ezintathu. Kuthathwa njengento ehlobisa kakhulu.
- Areca catechu L. okanye Areca catechu. Olunye igama nguPalma betel. Ikhula kummandla wonxweme waseMalacca, e-East India naseziqhingini zaseMalay Archipelago. Isiqhamo esisodwa sityalo sisilungile, sihlanganiswe neengqungquthela zonyaka, ubude beemitha ezingama-25, kunye nobubanzi beemitha ezi-5 ukuya kwi-12. Amaqabunga ahlaselwa kwaye anqamle, afinyelele kwi-1.1-1.8 yamitha ubude. Amaqabunga afanelekile, ama-40-45 amentimitha ubude kwaye afike kumitha amathathu ububanzi. I-inflorescence yi-axillary (oko kukuthi, ikhula kwi-axils yamagqabi, ngokuqhelekileyo aphantsi) ukuya kuma-60 centimeters ubude. Iintyatyambo ngokwazo zimhlophe ngombala kwaye zinephunga elimnandi. Isiqhamo sobude singama-4-5 cm, ububanzi beembewu ngu-2 cm. Imbewu ye-catechus ibomvu obomvu kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-betel nut. Ezi zityalo zityalo zonakalisa kakhulu.
Ukunyamekelwa kwesityalo.
IA Areca isundu esithanda kakhulu ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwaye ibekezelela ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, isityalo sinjengokukhula kumafasitela asezantsi. Nangona kunjalo, kwiintsuku ezishushu kakhulu kunye nelanga, kungcono ukutyala emini. Esi sityalo sinyamezelekile kwaye sithatha umthunzi omncinane, ngoko kufanelekile ukukhula kumafasitela asekumantla. Ukuthengwa okanye ukungaqhelekanga kwitsholongwane ilanga kufuneka kuqhutyelwe ukukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngandlela-thile, ngaphandle koko kunokufumana ukutshiswa kwelanga kwe-canola.
Ehlobo, kukhethwa ukugcina isityalo kwindawo yokushisa emoyeni ye-22-25 ° C. Ngexesha lokusukela ekwindla ukuya entwasahlobo, iqondo lokushisa kufuneka linciphise ukuya ku-18-23 ° C, kodwa lingaphantsi kwe-16 ° C. Ukongezelela, isundu sidinga ukuqhutyelwa komoya omtsha rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, thintela iiprojekti.
Ngentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, ukutyilisa kufuneka kube luninzi njengoko isiseko esiphezulu somhlaba sibomile. Amanzi okunkcenkceshela kufuneka athathwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye asisigxina. Ukususela ekwindla, isityalo sinamanzi ngokulinganisela kwaye kuphela ukukhusela umhlaba ukuba umise. Jonga ngokucophelela ukuba ekwindla nasebusika akukho ukugqithiswa, kuba kuyingozi kakhulu kwi-areca. Ngeli xesha lonyaka, manzi entendeni emva kweentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwiintsuku emva kokuba ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba lumile.
Iphunga le-doe likhetha umoya ngomswakama ophezulu, ngakumbi ehlobo. Ehlotyeni, kwakhona ukutshiza isityalo kwi-spray ngamanzi adibeneyo. Amanzi afanele abe kwindawo yokushisa. Ukutshiza kufuneka kupheliswe ngexesha lokubanda.
Ukutshala isityalo kuyimfuneko unyaka wonke. Iindawo ezifanelekileyo zifanelekile ezichumisayo zamaminerali ezinokuxinwa okuqhelekileyo. Ungasebenzisa izityalo ezichumayo. Ukutya umthi wesundu kuyimfuneko kabini kwinyanga ehlobo kwaye kanye ngenyanga ngenyanga ebusika.
I-Areca ihambelana kakubi kunye nokufakelwa kwezityalo, ngoko kukukhetha ukutshintshisa isityalo, ukufaka indawo yokuhambisa amanzi nokuzalisa umhlaba. Iintendelezo ezincinci ngexesha lokukhula okukhulayo kufuneka zitshintshwe rhoqo ngonyaka, abadala - kanye emva kweminyaka emithathu ukuya emine. Kwiimpawu ezikhulayo kwiibhubhu, ubuncwane obuphezulu bomhlaba kufuneka butshintshwe minyaka yonke ngaphandle kokuguqulwa. Eyona nto ifanelekileyo kumxube womhlaba olandelayo: umhlaba oqabileyo, umhlabathi, isanti kunye ne-humus kumlinganiselo we-2: 4: 1: 1. Umdala umthi wesundu, umhlaba omningi owufunayo. Kwakhona ngaphantsi kwebhodeni kufuneka ubeke umjelo omhle.
Le ndlu yesango ivelisa ngembewu ngexesha lehlobo lasehlobo. Ukuze imbewu ihlume ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngempumelelo, kubalulekile ukuyihlisela emhlabathini ofudumeleyo kwiqondo lokushisa lama-23-28C.
Khumbula ukuba i-areca-isityalo esinetyhefu, iqukethe ezinye i-alkaloids, eziquka i-arecoline, kunye ne-tannins. I-Areku isetyenziswe njengeyeza - isityalo sisebenzela njenge-anthelmintic ephezulu kwaye inceda ukuqeda uhudo.
Ubunzima obunokwenzeka.
- Njengomphumo wokuguga ngokwemvelo, amaqabunga aphantsi e-areca angatyekwa kwaye awele.
- Iingcebiso zamagqabi esundu zingaba zibolile ngenxa yobume bomoya okanye ukuba isityalo sigcinwe kwigumbi elibandayo.
- Amaqabunga e-ark akwazi ukujibilika ngokuluhlaza-oku kubangelwa ukungabikho kokunyamezela okanye ukukhanya kwelanga.
Ezi zinambuzane zilandelayo ziyingozi kwisityalo: i-mealybug, isikhala, isicabucu kunye ne-whitefly.