Iindlela zokudlulisa izilwanyana
Iimfucu zithengiswa ngamaconsi omlambo okhutshwayo ukusuka kwindlela yokuphefumula yomntu ogulayo xa ekhwehlela okanye ecula. Ama-Pathogens awela emzimbeni womntu onempilo ngokusebenzisa umlenze womlonyeni womlomo okanye umququzeleli welihlo. Kukho ixesha lokuqala, okanye lokuqala, elibonakaliswe yimpawu ezifana nebandayo, ukukhulelwa, ukukhwehlela kunye nokudibanisa, kunye nexesha lokubonakala kwexesha eliqhelekileyo. Umntwana obhekene nesifo semasisi unomdla kakhulu kwixesha elidlulileyo, ngaphambi kokuba ahlawule. Njengomthetho, isistim isiphumo sokufumana ngokupheleleyo.
UkuXhobisa iimpawu
Ngokuphathelele ezininzi izifo zentsholongwane, akukho nonyango oluthile lwamachiza. Imisebenzi eqhelekileyo ibandakanya ukusela kakhulu kunye nokuthatha iparacetamol ukushisa okuphantsi. Ngexesha elide, ukuxilongwa kwemasisi kunzima. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha unokurhoxisa into enzima ngaphezu kokuba kubanda kakhulu ukuba ukukhulelwa kunye neempawu zesifo ziqhubeka ixesha elide. Ukubhengezwa kwe-conjunctivitis kungaphakamisa ukuba imasisi. Isici esichaphazelekayo samasisisi ubukho beendawo zeCoplik kwi-mucosa yomlomo womlomo. Le mibala emancinci emhlophe ibonakala kuqala kwiidama ezibhekiselele kwimingca yomhlathi osezantsi kwaye ngokuthe gqolo isasazeka kuyo yonke i-mucosa yomlomo womlomo. Iindawo ze-Koplic zingasetyenziswa kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwe-4 ngaphambi kokubonakala kwe-rash. Esinye seziganeko eziphambili zesifo semasisi kukukho kwesikhumba sendawo yokuqhawula i-maculopapular (amabala obomvu kunye nokuphakama kwiphakathi). Ekuqaleni, i-rash ivela emva kweendlebe kunye nelayini lokukhula kweenwele emva kwekhanda, kwaye isasazeka emzimbeni nasezintweni. Amabala ahlukeneyo adibanisa kwaye anyuke ngobukhulu, enza i-foci yesilonda esibomvu. Ukukhawuleza kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezihlanu. Emva koko amabala aqala ukuphilisa, athole umbala obomvu, emva koko uluhlu oluphezulu lwesikhumba luhamba. Ukugqithwa kuphelile njengoko kubonakalayo: ekuqaleni kupheka kwintloko, kwaye emva komzimba kunye nemilenze.
Iingxaki zemasisi
Njengomthetho, isistim isiphumo sokufumana ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantwana bahlakulela iingxaki ezinokuba nefuthe elifutshane kunye nexesha elide. Iingxaki zemasisi zingabelana ngamacandelo amabini aphezulu:
Ukuhamba ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo yesifo
Iingxaki zeli qela zihlala zilula kwaye ziqikelele. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ukuvuvukala kwindlebe ephakathi (i-otitis media), kunye neengxaki ezivela kwiphepha eliphezulu lokuphefumula, njenge-laryngitis. I-pneumonia yebhakteria yesibini ingahlakula: njengomgaqo, inokuphathwa ngamachiza okulwa namagciwane. Ezinye iingxaki zibandakanya isilonda sesifo kunye nesifo se-hepatitis.
Iingxaki ze-neurological
Iingxaki ze-neurological zihambelana nokutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo yesifo. I-Febrile convulsions yindlela eqhelekileyo yokuthintela; Bahlakulela kwabanye abantwana ngeesisisi ezinobushushu obuphezulu. I-Encephalitis (ukuvuvukala kwengqondo) ikhula njengenkcenkceshelo yemasisi kwi-1 kwi-5,000 abantwana. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka malunga neveki emva kokuqala kwesi sifo; ngelixa abantwana bekhalaza ngentloko. Nangona kusemaselweni, njengokuba kukho naluphi na isifo se-virus esenzeka ngentsholongwane, i-headache ivela rhoqo kaninzi kunye ne-encephalitis, ihamba kunye nokulala.
Iimpawu ze-measle encephalitis
Abantwana abane-measles encephalitis babonakala begula, banxinxekile belele, kodwa banokubonisa iimpawu zokuxhalaba kunye nokuzonwabisa. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi ye-encephalitis ebantwaneni, imeko yezempilo iyingozi, ukuxhalabisa kunokukhula. Kancinci umntwana uwela kwi-coma. Ukufa okuvela kwi-encephalitis yamasistim ngu-15%, oko kuthetha ukuba umntwana ngamnye wesixhenxe ofa uyafa. Kwi-25-40% yabantwana abasindayo, kukho iingxaki ze-neurologic zexesha elide, kubandakanywa ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe yokuxhwaleka kwesilungu kunye nobunzima bokufunda. Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-scentosing panencephalitis (PSPE) yinkxalabo engaqhelekanga kunye nexesha elide kunye nelolukhuni. Kwenzeka kwi-1 kwabantwana abayi-100,000 abanesisisi, kodwa abazange bazibonakalise malunga neyisixhenxe emva kokugula. Isigulana sikhula iimpawu ezingavamile ze-neurologic, eziquka ukunyakaza okungahambisani nomzimba, kunye nokukhathazeka kwentetho kunye nombono. Kwiminyaka emininzi isifo siyaqhubeka kwaye sithatha ifom enkulu. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukugula komzimba kunye nokukhubazeka okwenyukayo. Ukuxilongwa kwe-SSPE kaninzi akunakwenzeka ukubeka ngokukhawuleza, kodwa isifo sinokukrokrwa ngokubonakaliswa klinikhi. Ukuxilongwa kuqinisekisiwe ngobungqina be-antibodies kwi-blood kunye ne-cerebrospinal fluid, kwakunye nokutshintshwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwii-biocratic potential on the EEG. Kubantwana abane-immunity ekhuselekeni, isifo sesingqimba sivame ukukhula ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye sikhatywe ixesha elide: impilo yabo ihlupheke ngaphezu kokuphila kakuhle kwabantwana abane-immunity rate; inokuphela ngesiphumo esibulalayo. Unyango olusebenzayo lwemasisi alukho, nangona imiseloni yenyumoniya ingaphathwa nge-antibiotic drug ribavirin kwifom ye-aerosol.
Ukugonywa
Ukunciphisa iziganeko zokuvuthwa kwemasisi kudibaniswa nokuqaliswa kwegciwane lokugonywa kwe-measles esebenzayo kwiminyaka engama-60 yekhulu elidlulileyo (kwi-USSR, ukugonywa kwamatye okulwa nesantya kuqale ngo-1968). Ngaphambi kokugonywa, iziganeko zevilisi zahluka ukusuka kuma-600 kuya kuma-2000 amatyala ngabantu abayi-100,000 kwiminyaka eyahlukileyo. Ekuqaleni kwee-2000, le ncwadana yaseRussia yayisele ngaphantsi komntu omnye kwiiwaka ezili-100, kwaye ngo-2010 injongo yayikukunciphisa ukuya kutsho.