Ikhowudi yokuHlonipha
Emuva ngo-1963, ekuqaleni kokuhlaselwa kwe-shishini lokutya kwamakhomikhali kunye nedayi, i-WHO ikhishwe incwadi esemthethweni-i-Codex Alimcnlarius. Kuza kube nomhla, unenani elikhulu lamanyathelo afanelekileyo. Ukuwasebenzisa ngaphandle kokuphula umthetho, abavelisi kufuneka babhale kwiphakethi igama le candelo, okanye inkcazo kunye neklasi, umzekelo: "i-acid acid" okanye "i-E-200 ekhuselayo". Kwakhona, iinkampani kufuneka zingadluli inani elivumelekileyo lezongezo "E". Kule meko, iimveliso zibhekwa njengekhuselekile.
Ole, iqhawe!
Eyokuqala kwiintshatsheli ezintathu ezona ziphezulu - i-chewing gum. "Kwiingxaki" kuphela isiseko senkunkuma. Kwindawo yesibini - i-cola yokutya. Imvelaphi yemvelo kuyo amanzi, i-carbon dioxide kunye ne-caffeine. Yintoni eyenza i-cola, inemvelaphi ye-laboratory kuphela: i-sweeteners, i-acidity regulators, idayi, i-conservatives njalonjalo. Ivala ezintathu "eziyingozi" kwi-bouillon cube. Izithako zendalo kwinto encinci: ioli yemifuno engenamvelaphi engaziwayo, inyama encinci yemifuno enomileyo. Ewe, ityuwa kunye noshukela. Zonke ezinye i-flavourate (glutamate, inosinate, guanylate ye-sodium), i-maltodextrin, isitashi, i-flavour kunye nombala. Njengoko bathetha, into enomdla!
Ikhulu lamawaka ezongezelelweyo "E"
I-Flavour kunye ne-flavor enhancer (i-E-600-E-699) ifumaneka kwiisusiti ezinobungozi kwinqeni, i-sodas kunye nokutya okukhawulezayo, nakwii-saladi ezininzi zaseKorea, i-soy sauce, i-yoghurts kunye nemifuno yokuhlwaya yemifuno. I-Flavour ngokuqhelekileyo isoloko idukisa. Inyaniso kukuba ngaphezu kwezinto zendalo (iziqholo, ukugxininisa imifuno kunye neziqhamo) kunye nokwenziwa (izinto ezifana ne-ethylmaltol) nazo zibizwa ngokuba zendalo. Enyanisweni, abanalo ngokufanayo kunye nabazalwana babo bemvelo. EmaMerika naseYurophu akukho nxalenye yekota. Kuye isetyenziselwa ukufihla amagama angabonakaliyo wezinto zeekhemikhali. Ngokuvisisanayo, i-raspberry kitten, i-acetate ye-ethyl okanye i-amet acetate kwisandi se-yogurt esithandekayo kunokuba i-flavour efana neyendalo. Ezinye izongezo zee-E-600-E-699 ziqulatho zithandwa ngabaphuculisi. Zivumela iinkampani ukuba zigcine kwizithako ezibiza. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo yi-glutamate ye-sodium, edla ngokufumaneka kwiisoso, iziqholo kunye ne-sausages. Ngenzuzo iphakamisa intle yemifuno kunye nenyama, ivumela ukuba bathathe indawo yabo ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngokutsho kootywala beSiko soMsoco weSikolo saseRussia seSayensi yezoNyango, abantu abadala, i-glutamate ye-sodium iyingozi kuphela xa kunqunywe isiqhelo esivumelekileyo (1.5 g ngosuku, okanye akukho ngaphezu kwe-0.5 g ngexesha). Akulungele ukulawula oku, ingakumbi ukuba unomdla kwii-saladi zaseKorea kunye nokulungiswa kokulungele ukusetyenziswa. Kungcono ukupheka ngokwakho, kunye neziqholo zendalo. AmaDyes (E-100 - E-199) kunye nezilondolozo (E-200-E-299) zifunyenwe nokuba zibonakala zingenanto ukwenza, umzekelo, kwieshizi eziphantsi kunye ne-grainy cottage cheese. I-"E" yamaqela 100-199 yilezo zombini iikhemikhali kwaye isondele kwendalo. Ezi zilandelayo ziquka i-carotene kunye ne-carotenoids (iicroth extracts), i-Appato (i-Biyo orcllana L. i-extract seed seed, ekhulayo eMzantsi Melika), i-curcumin (into ephuma kwingcambu ye-turmeric), riboflavin (i-vitamin B2). Izondlo (ngaphandle kweenkulungwane zamaviniga, i-apula kunye nezinye i-acids zendalo), izondlo ziye zafakwa ixesha elide njengezikhuselekileyo ngokomzimba. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abanobuchopho bangcono ukuba bangazisebenzisi, kwaye abo baneengxaki nge-metabolism, i-allergies kunye nabantwana, ngokubanzi bayaphikisana. Okuthakazelisayo, i-bio-yogurt eyaziwayo, leyo, ngokutsho kweGOST, akufanele ibe naluphi na umlondolozo, ingaba yimi friji iintsuku eziliqela, nangona, ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka imuncu kwiiyure ezimbalwa ... I-stabilizers, i-thickeners kunye ne-emulsifiers (Е-400-Е -499) inokufumaneka kwintlelethi, kwaye kwi-calerts encinane ye-calorie - i-jelly, i-marmalade, i-ayisikrimu. Ngaphezu koko, ngaphandle kwezi zongezo, iifomese ezidwelisweyo aziyi kuba khona. Ngokomzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-E-476 (i-ethers, efana nesepha eqhelekileyo) inikezwa iteknoloji yokuvelisa i-tsholeta. Banike i-policacy plasticity, ngenxa yokuba inyibilika emlonyeni. Njengamanye ama-E, ama-stabilizers, abaqhawuli kunye ne-emulsifiers zendalo kwaye zenziwe. Kwisiqwenga seqanda kunye neprotheni, kunye ne-lecithin yemifuno. Musa ukwesaba i-agar-agar kunye namanqwanqwa (amacwecwe e-seaweed), i-humicarrabica (i-acacia extract), i-pectin (i-fiber yemifuno), i-gelatin (i-protein gelling agent) kunye ne-chitosan (into ephuma kwi-carapace ye-crab). Zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemveliso yokutya, oogqirha abacebisa abantu abanomthwalo obunzima. Nangona kunjalo, iipolymenti zokwenziwa kunye ne-semi-synthetic kunye nama-surfactants (ama-surfactants) axabanga kakhulu. Bangabalwa ngokusebenzisa igama eliyinkimbinkimbi yeekhemikhali, kunye neendleko zemveliso apho ziqulethwe khona. Ngokomzekelo, kwiintlobo ze-ayisikrikhi ezenziwe ngokwe-GOST, i-lecithin yemvelo isetyenziswa kaninzi, kunye neentlobo ezincinci (ngokwe-TU) "i-chemistry" isetyenziswe. Iqela lezinye izithako (E-900-E-999) liquka ukuphucula umgubo kunye nezinye izinto. Ziyakwazi ukufunyanwa zombini kwisonka esimhlophe kunye nesonka, kwaye sithandwa kakhulu ngesonka esincinci kunye nosanhlamvu. Ngoku, ngaphandle kwezi zongezo, akukho nantoni yezityalo zokubhaka izonka onokuzenza. Ziyakuvumela ukuba ulondoloze ezininzi kwisithako esikhulu - umgubo ophezulu. Isiko lesithathu kwiklasi lilungele ukubheka. Kukhona i-gluten eyaneleyo kuyo, eya kubeka i-porosity kunye nobuqaqawuli kwisonka. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku kubhabha kuqhubeka nokusebenzisa umgubo wengqolowa wesine, owawusetyenziselwa ukondla imfuyo. Ngombulelo kwi-E engcono, iyakwazi ukuguqula izithako zomgangatho osweleyo. Ukuzikhusela "kwi-chemistry" kwisonka sohla ngemihla, kungcono ukuthenga iintlobo ezidumileyo zesonka sengqolowa okanye i-rye-rye, ezenziwe ngokwe-GOSTs endala. Esi sinkwa sinobudlelwane obukhulu, ngoko "ukuhamba ngamandla" kwezonkwa kunye nemiqulu kuyo yonke into.