Isithethe sokusetyenziswa kwezandla zeeyure, ukuphakamisa ngokukhawuleza iyure kwiimfuno ezikhawulezayo zomntu kubonakala ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Iingcamango ezintsha zafakwa kwisigxina ngumNgesi ogama linguWilliam Willett. Ukuqwalasela impilo yaseLondon imihla ngemihla, le ndoda yaqaphela ukuba abantu basezidolophongo balala ngentsasa xa ilanga sele ligcwele ukukhanya, kwaye ngokuhlwa, xa behleli phantsi, bavuke ixesha elide okanye basebenze.
Ukucinga ngale ngxaki, wafika kwisigqibo sokuba kuya kuqondakala ukuguqulela iwashi ye-alamu entwasahlobo yehora elizayo, ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele imini yokukhanya, kwaye ekwindla - ukubuyisela yonke into. Esi siphakamiso iinkokheli ezinomdla kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, kwaye eJamani kwamukelwa ngokukhawuleza, njengoko ilizwe lilwa imfazwe kwaye urhulumente uzame ukugcina imali eninzi yoluntu ngokusemandleni. Ukuguqulela ixesha eRashiya kwaqala entwasahlobo ka-1917. Olu qheliso ludlulela kude kube ngowe-1930, kwaye ngoko i-Soviet Union yatshintshela ekuthiwa yixesha lokubeletha (i-hora eli-1 ngokumalunga neendawo eziqhelekileyo ezamkelweyo).
Ukuguqulelwa rhoqo kwewashi ngexesha lehlobo lase-USSR libuyiselwe kuphela ngo-1981. Enyanisweni, lo mbuzo wawusoloko uluhlu kwaye uxoxwa rhoqo kwizinga eliphezulu. Amagosa kunye namalungu karhulumente lonke ixesha ezama ukubala indlela okwenene ngayo inzuzo yokuxhaphaza iintolo. Ngo-Matshi 1991, isiqhelo satshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwaye i-rumor yadlula ukuba iiyure ezingaphezulu aziyi kuguqulelwa. Kodwa ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, yonke into yabuyela kwimibuthano yayo kwaye iintolo zabuya kwakhona. Iingcali zakwazi ukubala ukuba ukongeza iyure lexesha ehlobo evunyelwe ukugcina u-2% wendlela yokusetyenziswa kombane kumazwe aseYurophu. ERashiya, ukulondolozwa kwakubonakala kungabalulekanga. Kwaba malunga nama-3 ezigidi ezili-kilowatt iiyure ngonyaka kunye ne-1 million yezigidi zamakhadi ezifunekayo ukuvelisa lo mbane wombane. Ukuhlalutya ngokufanelekileyo ukubuyela kwenguqu kwixesha lehlobo nakwizendalo. Bakubonile ukwehla kwenani lokukhutshwa kwezinto ezinobungozi ngenxa yenkqubo yokucutha kwamalahle kwizityalo zamandla.
Ukuguqulelwa kwamawashi: iziphumo
Emva kokuqhuba uchungechunge lwezifundo ezithile, oogqirha bathi ngexesha leentsuku ezi-5 zokuqala emva kokutshintshwa kwewashi, izinga lezempilo loluntu linciphile kakhulu. Inkonzo ye-ambulensi ngeli xesha i-12% ngaphezulu. Amatyala okwehla kwezifo zentliziyo akhula ngo-7%. Ku-75%, inani leentlungu zentliziyo liye landa kwaye ama-66% anokuzibulala. La manani avelisa ibhomu ephazamisayo kuluntu. Abaninzi baqaphele ukuba ngexesha lokudluliselwa kwabaphangi babenokuxinezeleka kunye nokudandatheka, babecala ukungazinzi kwaye bahlala begula ngenxa yokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza ekukhuselweni. Ngenxa yokusweleka kobuthongo ngokusesikweni, abantu bawela kwisimo esingapheliyo, belahlekelwa amandla abo okusebenza baze bazinzima nakwizinto ezisemgangathweni zomzimba. Le meko iphoqa urhulumente ukuba acinge ngento ebaluleke kakhulu: ukugcina imithombo okanye impilo yesizwe.
Xa uguqulela ixesha ihlobo le-2016 eRashiya: iindaba zakutshanje
Ukususela ekuqaleni konyaka, uluntu luxubushe ngenjongo yokuba kuguqulelwe ixesha ehlobo ngo-2016 eRashiya kwaye ingaba liyakwenza nantoni na. Okwangoku, akukho tshintsho oluzayo kwi-rhythm yesidlo esichaziweyo. Emva kweengxelo zoogqirha kwi-State Duma, abafuni ukuva malunga naluphi na ukuphathwa kwezandla zeeyure kwaye bathi impilo yabantu iphezulu kunexabiso elincinci lezinto ezinokusindisa imali ekuguquleleni iwashi.
Xa uguqulela ixesha ihlobo le-2016 e-Ukraine: ulwazi oluchanekileyo
E-Ukraine, ixesha liye lashintsha ukusuka ebusika kuze kube sehlobo ukususela ngo-1996. Umyalelo kunye nemithetho yale nkqubo ibonakaliswe kwindlela ekhethekileyo yeKhabhinethi yabaPhathiswa. Umhla xa ixesha lidluliselwa ehlobo, ngo-2016 liwela ngeCawa yokugqibela ka-Matshi-27. Iintolo zihanjiswa kwihora eli-1 ngehora lesi-3 ekuseni. Injongo ephambili yale nyathelo kukugcina amandla kunye namalahle afunekayo kwimveliso yalo. Kule nqanaba, urhulumente waseUkraine akacwangcisi ukuqeda isiqhelo, nangona ukuba abasebenzi bezonyango ababi kakhulu. Ngo-2011 i-Verkhovna Rada yadlulisela ibhili-mali ngokungahambi kakuhle kwenguqu yexesha, kodwa emva kwexesha luchoxisiwe, phantsi koxinzelelo loluntu kunye neminye imibutho eqinile kunye nokunyakaza.