Ukuphakama nokuphakama kwengane
Ngenyanga yokuqala yokuqala yobomi, usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa (olu ligama lomntwana kwinyanga yokuqala yokuphila) luqokelela malunga ne 600 g, i.e. Ngosuku ngalunye olutsha luzisa i-20 gram yesisindo kwi-crumb. Le nto ingaphantsi kwenyanga elandelayo, kuba ngeveki yokuqala yobomi bonke abantwana abasempilweni "banciphisa" ubunzima, banesifo sokulahleka kwesisindo (ngokuqhelekileyo, umntwana usweleka u-5-8% wesisindo sokuqala). Izizathu zolu lukwabiwa kwexabiso elincinci lemveliso yamanzi (original meconium) kunye nokufumana inani elincinci lobisi kwiintsuku zokuqala zobomi, kunye nexabiso elininzi lokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba abantwana abazalelwe ngexesha (oko kukuthi, ngokukhulelwa kwexesha elipheleleyo), kodwa nokuba nomzimba omncinci, banokuzuza ngokunyanisekileyo kwinyanga yokuqala, njengokungathi bebambisana neontanga zabo zokuqala. Kodwa iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha zifumana ininzi kakhulu. Ukukhula komntwana kwenyanga yokuqala kwanda ngo-3 cm.
Ukulala nokuvuka
Ukulala kwintsana kuthatha iiyure ezili-18 ngosuku. Ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, umntwana wale minyaka uvuka kakhulu ukuba adle. Ukuvuka ngokwalo kunokuba kufutshane, kuncinci kwimitha eyi-15-20. Akunakwenzeka nje ngeenyanga ezizayo zobomi, kwaye, njengommiselo, ulandele ukunyusa. Kwiintsana zanyanga zonke kuyimpawu zokulala emva kokutya okanye nangethuba lokutya. Ewe, umntwana usenokuvuka phakathi kokutya. Njengomthetho, oku kwenzekayo xa kukho isizathu "esinzima" - i-diaper emanzi, isikhala esingenakukhuseleka, isandi esikhulu esivusayo imvumba.
Ukuhamba ixesha
Ubungakanani bokuhlala kwindawo evulekile lugqitywa yimozulu. Ehlotyeni kunye ne-crumb baqala ukuhamba malunga nomhla olandelayo emva kokukhulelwa esibhedlele sokubeletha. Qala uhamba ukusuka kwimitha engama-20 ukuya ku-30, ubude babo bunyuke ngokukhawuleza, bufikelela malunga neveki emva kokuphuma komntwana iintsuku ezi-1,5-2, i. ukuhamba kungathatha phantse lonke ixesha phakathi kokutya. Eyona nto imozulu imnandi ithathwa ukuba ihlale ubuncinane kabini ngosuku. Kwixesha elibandayo, umntwana uvunyelwe ukulungelelanisa ekhaya iintsuku ezingama-2, kwaye ke "uyaphunyezwa". Enyanisweni, ukubeka ingqalelo kwiqondo lokushisa lomoya (elingaphantsi kwama-10 ° C), ukungabikho komoya obukhali. Qala uhamba ukusuka kwiminithi eyi-10, ukwandisa ngokukhawuleza ixesha lokuhlala kwisitrato ukuya kwii-30-40 imizuzu kunye neyure eli-1, kuxhomekeka kwiimeko zemozulu.
Yintoni onokuyenza umntwana?
Umntwana ophilileyo wenyanga yokuqala yobomi uvela kuzo zonke iingcamango ezingekho phantsi kwezinto eziphilayo, ezibhekisela "kwintsana yokuzalwa". Udokotela wezilwanyana, uhlolisise umntwana olunjalo, uhlola ukuba umntwana ubamba njani umnwe, uqhube iinyawo entendeni kwisigxina se-supine, uhlala ezinyaweni ngenkxaso kwisimo sokuma kunye nezinye iingcamango. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umntwana usenakho ulungelelaniso lwezinto ezihambayo, baxakeke. Ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala, umntwana ophilileyo, elele esiswini sakhe, uyakwazi ukugcina ikhanda lakhe liphakanyiswe ixesha elifutshane. Ukongezelela, kufuneka kubekho ukulungiswa kwexesha elifutshane lokukhangela kwihoyi elikhanyayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, umntwana usenokuqala ukumncenga ngesibongo esifanelekileyo kuye.
Ukutya iimvuthu
Njengoko sele kukhankanywe, inyanga yokuqala yobomi ngokubanzi imela ixesha lokulungelelaniswa komntwana kwi-existinguterine. Oku kusebenza kwisondlo. Ukubethelwa kwesisu kubinako ukutya okucacileyo. Intsana idla rhoqo njengoko ifuna. Lo ngulawulo lokutya kwamahhala. Ngethuba lomntwana umntwana wenyanga yokuqala yokuphila isetyenziselwa isifuba ngamaxesha angama-8-12. Ukuba umntwana ufuna ibele rhoqo, musa ukusazela. Iintlambo zisakhula i-regimen yokutya, kunokwenzeka ukuba ziya kulungiswa emva kwexesha. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba idinga ibele kaninzi, umntwana akafumani kuphela uhla lwamanina angabalulekanga, kodwa unelisekisa i-reflex yayo yokubanda, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculweni kwayo kwegazi. Umntwana osemncinci onokutya okufakelwayo, kwiiveki zokuqala ezimbini zobomi kufuneka athole umxube olungelelanisiweyo ngamaxesha angama-8 ngosuku. Xa uneminyaka engaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini, umntwana uyavunyelwa (kodwa kungekhona) ukuba abe nekhefu ebusuku, i E. ukuphindwa kwesantya ngamaxesha angama-7 ngosuku kunye nokuphumla kweeyure eziyi-6. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantwana abanjalo phakathi kokuncedisa amaxesha ama-1-2 ngamaxesha banikela inani elincinci lamanzi njengesiselo. Ukuba ubunzima bomntwana ekuzalweni bekungaphezu kwama-3200 g, sebenzisa i-version yokuqala yefomyula, ukuba ingaphantsi - yesibini. Ixabiso elifunyenweyo lihlulwe inani lokuncedisa, ngoko kelala umthamo owodwa ofunekayo womxube. Emva kweentsuku eziyi-10-14, umntwana usitya ukutya kwansuku elinganayo nomthamo weV5 ukusuka ubunzima bawo.
Uviwo
Ngenyanga eyi-1 umntwana uphantsi koviwo olufunekayo lwe-ultrasound ukuxilongwa kwe-hip edidiyeneyo ye-pathology (i-dysplasia yabo, ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-congenital conglocital). Ukongezelela, i-ultrasound yengqondo (neurosonography - NSH) kunye ne-ultrasound yezitho zangaphakathi (ngokuqhelekileyo - iziko zesisu esiswini, izintso). Ngokwemigangatho yangoku yoviwo, ngexesha leenyanga enye umntwana kufuneka enze i-electrocardiogram-ECG (ukubonakalisa imifanekiso yezinto ezibonakalayo zentliziyo esebenzayo).
Ukugcoba nokucoca
Kwiintsuku zokuqala zobomi, ubude bokuvuthwa buncinci - ukususela ngo-1-2 ngosuku lokuqala ukuya ku-8-15 ngomhla we-5. Ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala, umntwana unako ukuchukumisa amaxesha angama-20-25 ngosuku. Ukuqhawula ngokutsha kwiintsuku zokuqala zobomi kudibaniswa neempawu zomsebenzi okwamanje awusebenzi ngokugcwele ngokwemisonyo yebhokhwe. Kwaye inani lemali esetshenzisiweyo kwiintsuku zokuqala lincinci. USihlalo wesana lwenyanga yokuqala uguquke ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nemvelo. Kwimihla yokuqala 1-2 iintsuku ezininzi, iimfesi zokuqala zombala obomvu ogqamile ziyaziwa, zibizwa ngokuba yi-meconium. Emva koko kuphawulwe ukuba isitoli yesigxina sininzi rhoqo, ukuya kumaxesha angama-6-8 ngosuku, ishintsho kwisimo (kunye nemifino, i-mucus, i-lumps). Emva kweentsuku zobomi, isitulo somntwana luphuzi, i-mushy, inomsindo omuncu. Ixesha le-defecation livela kwi-3 ukuya kuma-5-8 ngamaxesha. Kwabantwana, "isakhiwo" sesigunyaziso, sinqabile kakhulu - umyinge wamaxesha 3-4 ngosuku. Ukuba umntwana ufumana ubisi lwebele, oluthatyathwa kakuhle, kukho iziganeko zokulibaziseka kweentsuku zeentsuku ezingama-1-2, kungabi kunye nokuqhaqha, ukubetha okanye ukungazinzi kwemivumba.
Inoculations
Ngethuba besesibhedlele sokubeletha, umntwana unethuba lokufumana ii-vaccines ezi-2 - malunga nesifo se-hepatitis B (ngosuku lokuqala lobomi) kunye nesifo sofuba (ngomhla wesi-3-7). Kwi-polyclinic kwinyanga engama-1, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokulwa nesifo se-hepatitis. Kuphela abo bantwana abasengozini enkulu (ukuba oomama abathwala isifo sengqondo se-hepatitis B okanye abasulelekile nge-hepatitis B, okanye bafumana isifo ngaphambi kokuba bazalwe). Kwakhona kwinyanga, i-dose yesibini yesitofu sokukhusela i-hepatitis. Kufuneka bafumane abantwana, ukuba kwindawo yabo yasekhaya kukho izithuthi zentsholongwane okanye izigulane ezinefomula okanye ezingapheliyo. Ziziphi oogqirha abafuna ukutyelela Ngenyanga eyi-1 umntwana okokuqala ngena ekumkelekeni kwi-polyclinic yabantwana. Ukongeza kwinqanaba labantwana, ngokweengcomo zenkqubo yangoku, i-neurologist, ugqirha wezilwanyana kunye neengcali ze-orthopedic trauma kufuneka zihlole umntwana. Ukuba kukho ubungqina, uluhlu lweengcali ezihlola umntwana ngenyanga 1, lunokwandiswa. Ngokomzekelo, umntwana usenokucetyiswa yi-ophthalmologist okanye i-cardiologist. Ngoku siyazi indlela umntwana okhula ngayo emva kokuzalwa.