Oogqirha abaninzi bokukhulelwa bathathwa njengemeko efuna ukuvavanya okufutshane. Inyaniso yokuba umzimba wesetyhini uhloselwe ngokwemvelo ukuthwala okuqhelekileyo komntwana omnye omnye ekukhulelweni okukodwa, ukuze iibini ezimbini zingabi nexesha elaneleyo le-oxygen kunye nezondlo, ziba kunye kunye, kwaye oku kwandisa ingozi yeengxaki ezahlukeneyo.
Ezimbini okanye enye?
Ukuxilongwa kwe-intrauterine ukuphuhliswa kokukhulelwa okuninzi kunokwenzeka ukuba sele sele kuqaliswe amanyathelo okuqala. I-ultrasound inokubona ukuvela kweqanda lesibini le-fetal ngexesha leeveki eziyi-8 ukuya kwe-12, kodwa umphumo weengxelo zokuqala asikwazanga kuthathwa njengeyokugqibela. Kukho iimeko xa izicwangciso zilungiswa ukuze umntu afihle okwesibini emva kwabo, kwaye ukufunyanwa kweeqanda ezimbini ze-fetal akuthethi ukuphuhliswa kwazo ngokupheleleyo. Kwi-trimester eyi-1, malunga ne-15-20% yokukhulelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuba ngumzali ongatshatanga ngenxa yokufa kwesinye sawo maqanda - uyeka ukukhula kwaye uhlala kwisibeletho de ukuzalwa.
Phantsi kolawulo
Ukuba uphando lubonisa ukuba akukho mntwana omnye oye waqala ukuhlakulela, umama ozayo uza kubonisana nokuthintana kwabasetyhini ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunabanye. Kwimizuzu yesi-2 - nganye iintsuku ezilishumi, kwaye ngo-3 - ngeveki. Ukongeza, lo mfazi ngokwakhe kufuneka athatyathele ngakumbi impilo yakhe aze alandele imeko yakhe, ukuqala ngesisindo (ukukhulelwa okuphindaphindiweyo, kufuneka ukhule ngaphezu kokuqhelekileyo - ukwanda kwenani leenyanga ezili-9 kunokufikelela kwi-18-20 kg) kwaye uphele imiqondiso ye-toxicosis, i-anemia, ukuphulwa kweentso, intliziyo.
I-anemia yenye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo xa ziphethe amawele. "I-anemia", inani leebomvu zegazi elibomvu (amangqamuzana egazi abomvu) kunye ne-hemoglobin (i-oxygen transfer substance) egazini iyancipha nje ngokuba yi-anemia, ngenxa yoko, umfazi uyakhawuleza, uhlale ebuthathaka, intloko iyajika kwaye isikhumba sakhe siphezulu, i-dyspnea, i-heart palpitations, kwiimeko ezibuhlungu, kuhamba nokulahlekelwa kwengqondo emva komthwalo omncinci.I-anemia exhaphakileyo iyenzeka ngokungabikho kwesinyithi, kunye ne-vitamin B 9 (folic acid), zombini izinto ezifunekayo ekuphuhliseni nasekukhuleni kodwa ngokukodwa i-placenta. Ukuba ukukhulelwa okuqhelekileyo umngcipheko we-anemia ungancinci (ngokukodwa ukuba uthatha imithi ekhethekileyo - ukutya okuqhelekileyo akunakuze kuhlawule ixabiso leyinyithi), ngoko kubakho amawele kukhula ngokuphawulekayo, kunye neentathu ngaphandle kokukhusela ngexesha elifanelekileyo Kuyeke ukugwema.Iyintoni ingozi? Isihlandlo esinye nesigxina sinokuthi sibonakale sisifo se-toxicosis, umngcipheko wokuphuphuma kwesisu unyuke kuma-40%, iingxaki ziqhubeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngexesha lokubeleka, kunokubakho iingxaki zokuncelisa. Abantwana abazalwe ngumama onxinzeleleka kwegazi, banako ukugula (banesifo esingaphantsi komzimba), banomdla wokugula.
Njani ukuphepha iingxaki?
- Gcina umkhondo wakho, ngexesha, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho.
- Thatha uvavanyo - i-anemia imiselwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi rhoqo.
- Thatha imithi echanekileyo. Echanekileyo! Akunjalo loo mntu awake wachaza, owubonayo kwintengiso ... Okokuqala, amalungiselelo ensimbi abesetyhini abakhulelweyo baneenkcukacha zabo, kwaye okwesibini, umlinganiselo wamama ozayo ukhethwe ngabanye, ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zohlalutyo kunye lumente. Musa ukuzincoma i-dosage: ukuba iyeza lenza i-nausea (ngokukodwa ngokuqhelekileyo yenzeka, ngokuqinisekileyo, kunye ne-toxicoses), kufuneka ubone ugqirha uze ucele ukuba ukhethe esinye isilwanyana. Ukuba awukwazi ukugwinya ipilisi nonke, kuya kufuneka wenze ii-injections. Yaye ngokuqinisekileyo umntu makangathembeki kwindlovu yegazi kuphela "yokutya isinyithi" yokutya.Iintyatyambo kunye nemifuno, elolo hlobo "inika" iinqununu ezahlukeneyo, ngokubanzi, zincedo, nje ukuba zinike i-iron kunye ne-folic acid eninzi, eziyimfuneko yokukhulelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kufuneka zidliwe ngaphezu komntu onamandla kwaye onamandla kunakho konke.
I-toxicosis emfutshane
Ukukhulelwa kwabasetyhini kunye nophuhliso lwe-intrauterine lokukhulelwa okuphindaphindiweyo kubangamaxesha amane ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunamaxesha aqhelekileyo. Ukususela kwizinto eziqhelekileyo ukuya kutshatyalaliswa ezininzi kwiindlela zokuqala, zihluke, ngaphezu kwazo zonke, kuba zingabangela inkathazo enkulu kubantwana kunomama. I-gestosis, isicupunu kunye nokuhlanza akusoloko kwenzeka, kodwa kukho ukuvuvukala okufihliweyo, iprotheni ibonakala kumchamo, ukunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi, kunye neyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu - isetyosis inokuchaphazela i-placenta, iphazamise ukubonelelwa ngokuqhelekileyo komntwana (okanye abantwana) nge-oksijini kunye nezondlo. Ewe, le nto ayiyona ndlela efanelekileyo yokuchaphazela ukuphuhliswa, kwaye ngokukodwa (ngokuthatha imiqathango ye-akhawunti) - kwinkqubo yeentlanzi. Kwaye ukuzalwa kwabasetyhini kunye ne-gestosis ngokuqhelekileyo kunzima ...
Ukuxhaswa kwe-toxicosis engapheliyo kunokufumana ilifa, kodwa bonke abafazi ababeletha kakhulu (ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-18) okanye kamva (emva kweminyaka engama-35), rhoqo (phakathi kokuzalwa kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emibini ubudala), oomama abanabantwana abaninzi ezininzi, kunye nokukhulelwa okukodwa-ngomntwana ngamnye umngcipheko ukwanda). Uxinzelelo olungqongqo okanye oluqhubekayo lomama ozayo, ukuxabana kweRh, ukuxinzeleleka komfutho wegazi kunye nezinye izifo nazo zizinto ezimbi kakhulu.
Njani kubonakala? Esinye sezibonakaliso zokuqala ze-gestosis sinokukoma okunzulu, kwaye isigulane siphuza amanzi amaninzi (kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi amaninzi - xa ubala, kufuneka uqaphele zombini izitya zombusi kunye nazo zonke iziphuzo), kodwa umchamo ungaphantsi. Oku kubonisa ukuphulwa kweetyuli yamanzi yetyukliya: ubuninzi bomkhuhlane awususwanga kumzimba, kodwa uhlala kwiimvumi kwaye kubangele i-edema ekhoyo. Ukuba isithintelo sokusela kunye neetyuwa ekudleni akusizi, ukuba kukho isicaphulelo, intloko yesisu, isisu, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nodokotela ngokukhawuleza uze ulandele yonke imiyalelo yakhe. Ukufikelela kwi-hospitali - mhlawumbi ukukhulelwa ngokubanzi, kufuneka ulungele ukuba loo mvavanyo ifuneke emva koko okanye kamva ngenxa yeengxaki ezahlukeneyo, kwaye nokuba yonke into iyinto eqhelekileyo, sele iiveki ezimbini sele ziphelile ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuthwala, oogqirha banokuthatha umfazi okhulelweyo phantsi ukulawula kwakhe rhoqo kwaye uqale ukulungiselela ukuzala.
Ukuthintela i-gestosis
Kakade kwi-trimester yesi-2 (kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ngokupheleleyo - kwisiqingatha sesibini sokukhulelwa), kuyimfuneko ukunqanda izitya ezifusiwe kunye nezicumba, ukusuka kwi-spicy seasonings, ukubhema kunye nosawoti. Ngomnye amaxesha amancinci kunzima kubaama olindelekileyo, kodwa, ke, mhlawumbi, kuya kuba nzima ukunqanda i-edema. Icolethi iya kufuneka ifakwe kwenye ikhekese ngenxa yempembelelo enamandla kwi-cardiovascular system. Yidla kakuhle, uhambe emoyeni omtsha ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye ugweme uxinzelelo kangangoko kunokwenzeka - oomama balindele amawele, kufuneka ujonge ngokwengeziwe kunabanye.
Bumnandi
Ukuqala nge-2 trimester, enye ingxaki ebalulekileyo kufuneka icatshangelwe: inokwenzeka ukukhulelwa kwesisu nokupheliswa kokukhulelwa. Ngokwezibalo, malunga ne-50% yabasetyhini abanokukhulelwa okubanzi babhekene nosongelo lokuthunyelwa kwexesha elifutshane kwelinye iqela lokunyanyiswa. Kukholelwa ukuba oku kubangelwa ukudlula ngokugqithiseleyo kwezihlunu ze-uterine ezibangelwa ngumthamo omkhulu. Ngoko, nayiphi na intlungu ephantsi nangasemva kwesisu, ukuvakalelwa kwintsholongwane, ukuphazamiseka ngokukhawuleza, kufuneka ufune uncedo lwonyango ngokukhawuleza kwaye, ukuba kunyanzelekile, uye esibhedlele ukuze ugcinwe: kunokwenzeka ukuba oogqirha baya kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo okukhawuleza ukuba bayeke ukuzalwa emva kokuzalwa. ithuba lokuphuhlisa abantwana ngokuqhelekileyo. Njani ukuphepha iingxaki?
Ukuqala kwiiveki ezingama-20, kufuneka uyeke ukudlala ezemidlalo (iintlobo eziphathekayo). Mhlawumbi ugqirha uya kuncomela ukunciphisa ubomi bentlobano (ichaphazela kakhulu imeko yesisu), ukuba kunokwenzeka - asebenze (kwaye ngokukodwa ungayishiyi ikhefu lokubeleka, apho ukukhulelwa okungafani kunikwa kwiiveki ezingama-28) ngaphandle kokulala ubusuku bonke iiyure ezingaphantsi kwama-4-6, kwaye ekupheleni kwexesha - ukuya kwiiyure eziyi-8. Ungaphuthelwa ukutyelela kwintetho yabesifazane. Ubuncinane kanye emva kweeveki ezimbini, i-gynecologist imele iqinisekise imeko yesisu, ngakumbi umlomo wesibeleko: ukuba iqala ukufutshane kufutshane neveki yama-23, oko kuthiwa umlomo wesibeletho somlomo wesibeleko kuyenziwa - kusetshenziswe izitshixo eziya kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Kwimihla kamva, ii-toxicy agents zisetyenziselwa injongo efanayo - amalungiselelo okwelapha okhethekileyo.
Ixesha lokuzala
Ukukhulelwa okuphindaphindiweyo, imiqathango embalwa yangaphambili yezabasebenzi iyimpawu - oku kufuneka kukhunjulwe kwaye kungalingani kwizicwangciso zethu zokubala rhoqo. Emva kwayo yonke into, ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, iintsana ezisisu esiswini, zithintele indawo, i-oksijini, okanye ukutya okunomsoco, kwaye sele sele zenzeke ngokwaneleyo ukuba ziqhubeke zikhona ngokwahlukileyo kumzimba kamama. Uhlobo lunyamekele abantwana abanjalo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka: xa kwenzeka ukukhulelwa okuphindaphindiweyo, iintsana ezininzi zikhula ngexesha elifanayo - ngaphambili i-placenta yazo "ubudala" kwaye yonke into ebhinqa ilungiselela ukuhanjiswa.
Ngeentsuku ezintathu, ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuzalwa lii-34-36 iiveki zokukhulelwa, amawele anexesha elincinane - ukuya kwiiveki ezingama-36-38. Phantse ama-50% amawele azalwe ngobunzima obaneleyo (ngamanyathelo aqhelekileyo) - ukuya kuma-2.5 kg, ngelixa phakathi kwabantwana apho kukho ukumahluko kumlinganiselo we-200-300 amagremu. Ukuba ngaphezulu (ukuya kwi-1 kg), oku kubonakalise iingxaki ngokuphuhliswa omnye wabo, kodwa kwikhaya labanamhlanje lokubeleka kwaye le ngxaki ixazululwa: ukuhluka kobukhulu bubonakala ngokucacileyo nge-ultrasound, kwaye i-neonatologist iya kulungisa yonke into eyimfuneko ukunceda umntwana osanda kuzalwa. Masiqaphele, ukuba iingxaki ezininzi zihambisa abantwana abakhulu kuphela - kukho iimeko apho kanye umntwana ombini ukhula ngokulinganisa u-5-6 kg, ngaloo ndlela kwaye i-вынашивание iyanzima kakhulu (ukuba akumangalisi - ngesibindi kuyimfuneko enkulu yokulayisha), nokuzala ngaphandle koncedwa ngabagqirha kaninzi kunzima.
Ngokubanzi, le nkqubo yokunikezela ayikho enye, kodwa abantwana abaninzi, ngokuqinisekileyo, kunzima kakhulu kunokuba kuvamile. Ngoko ke, ekulungiseleleni ukufumana izihlandlo ezintathu (kungakhankanyi ukongezwa kongeza kwintsapho) oogqirha badla ngokucetyiswa kwicandelo lokugcina. Amabhinqa avame ukuzala ngendlela efanayo nabanye abantu, nangona kukho ubunzima. Kungcono ukuba ungamlahli umntwana ukuba oogqirha banika i-anesthesia ye-ecidural anesthesia: xa kunokwenzeka ingxaki engalindelekanga, oku kuza kusindisa ixesha.