UKurt Vonnegut, i-biography

UKurt Vonnegut ngumlobi odumile waseMerika. I-biography kaKurt inomdla kwaye iyingqayizivele. Eninzi yezinto ezibandakanya i-biography yeVonnegut, iboniswe ngamabali akhe ngenye indlela. UKurt Vonnegut, owaziwa ngalo ngoNovemba 11, 1922, wazalwa kwisixeko sase-Indianapolis.

Ngendlela, u-Kurt Vonnegut, onobomi bakhe obudibeneyo nesi sixeko, udla ngokubhekisela kwiibali zakhe. Kulapho apho uVonnegut ehlala khona kwaye ezininzi zeemeko zakhe zikhula. I-biography yomlobi yaqala ngaloo minyaka xa kwenzeka ingxaki yehlabathi kwaye ukuqala kwengcinezelo kwaqala. UKurt wazalelwa kwintsapho enobuqili kwaye wayeyindodana yomakhi. Kodwa, ngenxa yokuba kwakukho uxinzelelo kwihlabathi, umdala uVonnegut wayengenakuziqhayisa ngemali enkulu.

I-biography ye-Vonnegut omncinci yaqala xa eqala ukubhala amanqaku. UKurt wahokela ikholomu kwelinye lamaphephandaba asekuhlaleni, ezama yena njengombhali. Kodwa ke, xa kufika ixesha lokukhetha i-faculty ekufundeni, uKurt akazange akhethe ukhetho lwakhe okanye kwi-journalism okanye kwi-philology. Waya eyokufumana imfundo kwiSebe leMichiza laseYunivesithi yaseConell, e-New York State. Kwisi sikhungo semfundo, u-Kurt wachitha iminyaka emithathu: ukususela ngo-1940 ukuya ku-1943. Lo mfana wayenokugqiba ngokugqibeleleyo imfundo yakhe, kodwa wagqiba ekubeni anqumle xa efunda nge-bombardment yasePearl Harbor. Emva kwesi siganeko esibuhlungu, uKurt wanquma ukubhalisa kwi-Army yase-US waza waya kukhonza. Walwa ngonyaka, kwaye ke, ukususela ngomhla weshumi elinesithathu ukuya kweyeshumi elinesine kaFebruwari 1945, wathatyathwa entolongweni yintolongo yaseJamani. Emva koko, uVonnegut wayebanjelwe eDresden, entolongweni. Kungekudala, intolongo yaqhuma ibhotile yemikhosi yaseSoviet kunye no-Kurt, kunye nabantwana abathandathu abaye nabo babanjwe yimfazwe, basinda ngokumangalisayo, bafihla ngaphakathi. Ibali elipheleleyo lize lenze isiseko sencwadana ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Slaughterhouse Five" okanye i-Crusade of Children ". Ukusuka ekuthunjweni uKurt wakhululwa ngoMeyi 1945 waza wabuyela eUnited States of America ngokukhawuleza.

Emva kwemfazwe, uKurt wanquma ukuqhuba izifundo zakhe. Kodwa, wayengasayi kuba ngumkhumisi, ngoko ke, wakhetha i-"Anthropology" ekhethekileyo kwaye wangena esikolweni esiphelweni seYunivesithi yaseChicago. Ngoxa u-Kurt wafunda, akazange akhohlwe ngemisebenzi yakhe yokubhala. Ngokuchanekileyo, wamncedisa ukuba aphile, ukutya kunye nezambatho. Ngelo xesha, uKurt wasebenza njengomlobi wezobugebengu kwiphephandaba laseChicago. Ngo-1947, uVonnegut unquma ukukhusela umsebenzi wenkosi ngesihloko esithi "Ubuhlobo obungenakulinganiswa phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi kwiingongoma ezilula", kodwa, emva kokuzikhusela, isebe licinga ukuba umsebenzi unobungakanani obuhle kwaye akafanelanga ukunika umgangatho we-master to the writer. Kodwa, kwiminyaka emininzi, uVonnegut uya kufakazela ukuba uyayifanele ngokupheleleyo le nto. Leli sebe liza kumnika idideyithi yencwadana ethi "A Cradle for Cat", eya kuthi ngo-1963 iya kugubha umhlaba wonke.

Kodwa, ngaphambi kwelo xesha, kwakukho iminyaka neminyaka. Okwangoku, u-Kurt oneminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu waya kukhangela umsebenzi waza waqala ukwenza umsebenzi kwi-"General Electric". Ukusebenza apho, uKutt ekugqibeleni waqonda ukuba ufuna kwaye kufuneka ahlanganyele kwimisebenzi ebhaliweyo. Ngoko ke, sele sele ngo-1950, ibali lakhe lokuqala lipapashwe kwiphephancwadi, elinesihloko esithi "Bika ingxelo yefuthe leBarnhouse." Kwaye kunyaka ozayo, umbhali onobunqwenela wanquma ukuyeka phantsi kwinkampani, apho wayengafuni khona kwaye waya eMassachusetts. Iminyaka eyisibhozo ezayo ibe yixesha likaKurt zifuna zona kunye nezindlela zokufumana. Wayebandakanyeka kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Kwadlula ixesha wafundisa esikolweni, waza waqala ukusebenza njengentengiso yokuthengisa iimoto. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka wayibhala encinci kwaye ngowe-1959 ihlabathi labona incwadi yakhe ethi "Sirens of Titan". Nguwuphi lo msebenzi owawusisinyathelo sokuqala sikaVonnegut ukuba udumo kunye nempumelelo. Emva kokupapashwa kwencwadana, umlobi omncinci ekugqibeleni waqaphela kwaye umsebenzi wakhe waqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza.

Emva koko, wabhala kakhulu. Iimveli zakhe zamangaliswa ngongqondo lwakhe, ifilosofi enkulu kunye ne-metaphorism. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka sikhumbule ngokwahlukileyo malunga neveli "I-Cradle yekati". Inokuthi kubangelwa uhlobo lwe-dystopia. Kodwa, kulo msebenzi akukuphela nje ngehlabathi elifanelekileyo, elicaleni, elingekho elifanelekileyo. Kwakhona, le ncwadi yakha ifilosofi entsha, yazisa iingcinga ezintsha kwaye yaxoxa ngentsingiselo yobomi ngendlela entsha. "Umkhwa wekati" ibali malunga nokuhle nokubi, malunga nobuhlobo babo. Kwaye kwanokuba izixhobo zabantu zingonakalisa, nangona ekuqaleni becetywayo njengezinto ezifanele zithwale kakuhle kwaye zisincede. Kukho amabali amaninzi kwiveli kunye neentlobo ezininzi, kodwa ziboshwe enye, kuba kufanelekile. Kutheni kufanele? Oku kuchaza ifilosofi kunye neemfundiso zaseBokonon - indoda eyilumko, ngubani, emva kwayo yonke into, ichaza kwi-protagonist yonke intsingiselo yokuba kunye nokuba kwenzekani kubo. UPawulos uyinyani, "Umkhwa wekati" - lo ngumbhalo wobuchwephesha weencwadi zaseMelika, okwenza ubhekane nehlabathi ngokuhlukileyo.

Kakade ke, uVonnegut wayeneemveli ezininzi ezintle. Phakathi kwabo unokwahlula "uShaking Star", incwadi ethi Vonnegut wagqiba unyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, kwaye, kwakhona, "I-Breakfast Breakfast for Champions, okanye i-Farewell, ngoMsombuluko omnyama", "I-Small Not Missing", "Galapagos", "Focus-Puff". Kodwa, enyanisweni, zonke iisampuli zomsebenzi kaVonnegut zifanelwe ngabantu ukuba bazifunde kwaye bahloniphe amandla omlo wokuthetha ngefilosofi, imbono kwihlabathi kunye nobomi, kunye nokuthetha ngeziganeko ezenzeka kuye.

UKurt Vonnegut wayeyindoda engumntu kwaye wayephila ubomi obude kwaye obonwabisayo. Wafa ngo-Apreli 11, 2007, eneminyaka engamashumi asibhozo anesihlanu. Ubomi bombhali bephazamisekile ngenxa yengozi. Wahamba waza wawela endleleni ecaleni kwendlu yakhe. Ukuwa kwabangela ukulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu, emva koko uKurt akakwazanga ukubuyela. Umbhali wangcwatshwa nabo bonke abazukileyo, kwaye ngo-2007 edolobheni lakubo kwathiwa ngumnyaka weVonnegut.