Utamatato - isityalo esinomswakama kunye nokuntuleka kwamanzi kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezivuno. Ukongezelela, utamatisi unako ukufumana izondlo kuphela ngeendlela zesisombululo esinamanzi ekuthambisa amanzi. Ngako oko, kubaluleke kakhulu kubaqalayo ukuba baququzelele ukutyilisa rhoqo utamatisi kwi-greenhouse kunye nomhlaba ovulekileyo, oya kuqinisekisa ukuvuna nokuvuna rhoqo kweziqhamo ezibomvu.
Iziqulatho
Ukunkcenkceshela iitamatayi kwindawo yokubamba ukushisa: izixhobo ezicebisi ngabalimi Ukunkcenkceshela utamatisi ngeebhotile - iklasi yeklasi kwividiyo Imilinganiselo yokuncoma itamatato kwindawo evulekile Ubuncwane bokuthambisa iitamatati - iintlobo zokuchumisaIsiqhelo kunye nexesha lokunisela itamatato kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezikhulayo, kwaye zibalwa ngabanye. Ukuphuhliswa ngokugcwele kweetamatatoes, umxholo wokuswakama ophezulu kunama-45 ukuya ku-50%, kunye nenhlabathi - ukusuka kuma-85 ukuya kuma-90%. Ukujonga njani ukuthotyelwa kweemeko ezikhulayo ngokulawula? Sithatha isampuli yomhlaba kwicandelo ukususela kwi-5 kuya kwi-10 cm kwaye uzama ukwenza ihlumelo kuyo. Ukuba kuvele ngokucacileyo, kwaye isilonda emva kokudandatheka okuncinci, ke umgangatho wobumanzi ulungile.
Ukungabikho kokunyamezela emhlabathini kubangela ukutyhala kweefomati kunye namaqanda omncuba utamatisi, ukubonakala kweentsikelelo kwiziqhamo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa nge-apical rot. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okugqithisileyo kunyanzeliseki - isantya sesantya siyancipha, iziqhamo ziba zizifo zamanzi kunye nezifo zenyama. Ngoko ukuthambisa itamatato kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuqwalasela zonke iimeko zendawo kunye nezikhombisi.
Ukunkcenkceshela iitamatayi kwindawo yokubamba ukushisa: izicebisi ezincedo kubalimi
Izimo ezikhulayo zokutshisa iitamatisi zidinga imithetho ethile. Ngelo xesha, iimpahla zokwenza i-greenhouse ayifuni nto.
Ngoko, imigaqo eyintloko yokunisela itamatato kwi-greenhouse:
- kungekho rhoqo 1 - 2 amaxesha ngeliveki
- esinye isiqithi sifuna iimitha ezine zamanzi
- I-liquide ethululela phantsi kweengcambu, kungekhona kwisitshixo
- Ukunisela kufuneka kwenziwe kwangoko kusasa okanye kusihlwa-ngeli xesha umsebenzi ophantsi kakhulu welanga
Kwi-greenhouse kuyimfuneko ukugcina inqanaba elithile lomswakama-malunga ne-90% yomhlaba ngokwawo, kunye ne-50% kwinqanaba lebhasi. Ngenxa yeemeko ezinjalo, umngcipheko wokuvelisa izifo zentsholongwane ezifunekayo zinyanzeliso. Ngako oko, izityalo ziya kuhlala zibonelelwa ngobuninzi obuninzi bomswakama.
Indlela yokunwabatha utamatisi kwi-greenhouse
- ncwadana
- kuvuza
- ukunkcenkceshela okuzenzekelayo
Makhe siqwalasele ngamnye ngomnye iinkcukacha.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okuncinci, ukutyilisa okusetyenziswayo usebenzisa ipayipi okanye ukuthambisa kungcono kakhulu. Nangona kukho "inzatha" ethile yenkqubo, ngoncedo lwenkcenkceshelo yokunkcenkceshela nganye i-tomrato ye-shrub iya kunikwa ngamanzi ngendlela elungileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba amanzi angabi kubanda kakhulu, ngoko kufuneka ufune ukungena emgqeni. Xa sisela, sihambisa ipayipi kuphela kwiingcambu - ukuphepha ukushisa kwelanga.
Ukutshiza iitamatisi ukuthambisa kufanelekile kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo kunye nokuthelekiswa kwendlela eyadlulileyo kufuna izindleko zemali. Enyanisweni, indleko yokuthenga izixhobo ezizodwa ziza kunciphisa kakhulu ukuthambisa nokugcina ixesha.
Iinzuzo zokunkcenkceshela:
- ukufumana umswakama kwiingcambu
- ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi
- ukwanda kweetamatato
- ukukhutshwa kwe-leaching kunye ne-salinization yomhlaba
- ukuncitshiswa kwemizamo yokunkcenkceshela
Ukutshiza utamatisi ngeebhotile - iklasi yeklasi kwividiyo
Ukunisela itamatato kwibhotile yenye yeendidi zokunkcenkceshela, ezisekelwe ekusebenziseni iibhotile zeplastiki eziqhelekileyo kunye nezandla ezincinane zezandla zabo.
Unganisela njani utamatato kwiibhotile? Ividiyo ichaza iinkqubo zokwenza inkqubo enjalo yokunisela.
Inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ngokuzenzekelayo yindlela ekhethekileyo yokugcina izityalo ezinkulu ezenziwe nge-polycarbonate, apho iitamatisi zivame ukukhula kwizinga "zorhwebo". Ukufakwa kwezixhobo ezinjalo kunokuphathiswa kwiingcali okanye ukuzenza ngokuzimela, ngokusekelwe kwisicwangciso sokutyalwa kwangaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kwi-greenhouse. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unobumba obuncitshisiweyo kwaye ukhule utamatisi "ngokwakho", kungcono ukhethe indlela ephantsi kakhulu yokunisela itamatato.
Zingaphi kangako ukuthambisa utamatisi kwi-greenhouse
Emva kokutyala izityalo kufuneka ziphuze kakhulu-ukuya kumahlanu ilitha nganye kwisityalo. Emva koko unakho "ukulibala" malunga nokutyhala malunga neveki. Ungaziqonda njani ukuba utamatisi ufuna ukunyuswa? Namela ingqimba ephezulu yomhlaba. Ukuba umhlabathi owomileyo, ke ixesha lokunisela izityalo - eqinisweni kwizityalo ezincinci iingcambu zibuthathaka kakhulu ukuba zithinte amanzi. Iingcambu zivame ukusela amanzi kanye okanye kabini ngeveki.
Xa iifesi ziqala ukuvelisa iziqhamo, umthamo wamanzi unokunyuka ngokunyuka. Nangona kunjalo, abagadi begadi abanamava abacebisi ukuba bathathwe, njengoko ukunyuka kwomswakama kwi-greenhouse kungabangela ukuphuhliswa kwesifo esibi kunye nezinye izifo zefungal.
Izixhobo zokuncoma itamatato kwindawo evulekile
Utamatisi kwindawo evulekileyo wayinisela kakhulu, kodwa kakhulu - malunga neyesibini ngeveki. Yaye ungayinisela njani utamatisi ekushiseni? Apha, kuyisiko ukuqala ukusuka kwiimpawu ze-climo zehlabathi, kuba ubushushu buhluka kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kumaxesha ahlukeneyo. Izithombo, ezityalwe kwiibhedi, zifuna umhlaba omanzi, ngoko kufuneka amanzi atyeke rhoqo. Siya kuhambelana nombuso ofanayo ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa kweziqhamo zetamatato. Kwaye kwixesha elithile sithatha amanzi, njengesiqhelo, kabini ngeveki.
Njengoko kwiimeko zokunyusa, utamatisi evulekile awuthandi "umphefumlo". Ngoko ke kufuneka ufune ukuhambisa amanzi phakathi kwezityalo, ugweme ukutshala kwamagqabi kunye neziqu. Ngokubhekiselele kumanzi, kufuneka ukufudumala, ngokufanelekileyo - ukushisa komhlaba. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umhlaba ufudumele ufike kwi + 24⁰, ngoko ubushushu bamanzi kufuneka bube bufanayo.
Nini ukusela amanzi utamatisi? Kusasa kusasa okanye kusihlwa, ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Ngethuba lokutshiza ukulungeleka ukuphucula, kwaye xa imeko yezulu ibhakabhaka, ixesha lokunkcenkceshela alinandaba. Emva koko, ekungabikho kwelanga, umswakama awukwazi ukufudumala ngaphambi kokungena emhlabathini. Ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kushintshwe ngokucoca - izimpande zatamatati zidinga ukufikelela komoya.
Kulungele ukuhambisa amanzi utamatisi - iintlobo zokucoca
Injongo ephambili yokutya utamatisi kukuzalisa izityalo kunye nezondlo ukufumana iziqhamo ezilungileyo. Oku kungabikho kokuchumisa emhlabathini, kunye nokugqoka okuphezulu. Ukongezelela, umsebenzi obalulekileyo kuzo zonke izityalo zintsimi kukulwa nezifo zenkcubeko. Ngenxa yoko, kungcono ukhethe ukulungiselela amakhemikhali, kodwa kuboniswe "izilwanyana".
Ukutshiza iitamatisi kunye nembiliso: ukugqoka okuphezulu kwesondlo
Imvubelo yesiqhelo yomququzeleli iqukethe iiminerali, isinyithi ye-iron kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo. Ukugqoka iitamatisi eziphezulu kufuneka kulungiselelwe isisombululo esikhethekileyo - amahlanu amalitha amanzi sithatha iikhilogram yemvubelo. Ngaphambi kokuba kutyilwe, esi sombululo kufuneka sihlanjululwe ngamanzi kwakhona (1: 100). Ukuqaliswa kokuchumisa kwenziwa entwasahlobo, xa izityalo zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nokutya kuyimfuneko ukuzisa umlotha, kuba isonka sinomhlaba wokufumanisa i-potassium emhlabeni.
Indlela yokukrazula i-anyanisi ibhabhise ngonaphakade-iindlela ezilungileyo apha
Ukutshiza utamatisi nge-iodine kunye nobisi: isilungiso sehlabathi jikelele
Isisombululo se-milk eluhlaza kunye ne-iodine ethembekileyo "siyikratshi" ezininzi ezinambuzane. Isixhobo esinjalo sifanele sisetyenziswe ngendlela yokutshiza, emva koko amaqabunga ahlanganiswa nefilimu encinci ye-lactose nobisi ushukela. Oku kuthusa iinambuzane kwaye kugweme ukungena kwezifo. Isisombululo sesisombululo sebisi se-ididi ngamanzi (4 ilitha), ubisi (ilitha eli-1) kunye ne-iodine (15 ahla).
Indlela yokucoca ngamanzi ukhukhamba, ngoko aphuthumi kwaye angabi buhlungu, khangela apha
Utamatisi olutyilisiweyo luncandelo ebalulekileyo lokukhula kwezityalo. Hlanganisa neengcebiso zethu, kwaye kunikezelwa izivuno ezininzi zeziqhumiso ezibomvu kuwe.