Ukutya kweTshayina kuthathwa njengenye yezinto zokutya ezicebileyo nezonahlukeneyo kwihlabathi. Ivela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yaseTshayina kwaye isasazwa kwezinye iindawo ezininzi zehlabathi-ukusuka eMpuma ye-Asia nakwiNyakatho yeMerika ukuya eYurophu naseMzantsi Afrika. Ngoko, ukutya okuTshayina: yintoni abantu baseTshayina badla ngokutya - siya kuthetha ngale nto.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukutya kwaseTshayina ngaphandle kweTshayina kunokunyaniseka okanye kulungelelaniswa kwintando yendawo, okanye kwinto ethile entsha, esekelwe kwizithethe zaseTshayina kunye nezinto ezithandayo. Kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezithethe zokutya zemihlaba eyahlukeneyo yaseChina. Kukho iindawo eziyisixhenxe eziphambili zendawo yokutya: iAnhui, iFujian, i-Hunan, i-Jiangsu, i-Shandong, i-Sichuan kunye ne-Zhejiang. Phakathi kwabo, i-Sichuan kuphela, i-Shandong ne-Huaiyang inxulumene nomgangatho oqhelekileyo wokutya waseTshayina.
Isidlo ngasinye sesidlo saseTshayina ngokuqhelekileyo sibonakala sinezinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu:
1. Umthombo we-carbohydrates kunye nesitashi, ebizwa ngesiTshayina "dzhushi" (ngokoqobo "umkhiqizo wokutya"). Ngokuqhelekileyo, irayisi, i-noodle okanye i-mantau (isonka esijikeleziweyo, i-steamed) ihamba kunye nezitya ezivela kwimifuno, inyama, intlanzi okanye ezinye izinto ezibizwa ngeKai (ngokwegama lithetha "imifuno"). Le ngcamango ihluke kakhulu kwinto edla ngokutya eNyakatho Yurophu nakwi-United States. Kulapho, iprotheni yenyama okanye yezilwanyana ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengesitya esikhulu. Kwaye iindawo ezininzi zokutya zaseMeditera zisekelwe kwi-pasta okanye kwisitya sesizwe.
2. Ilayiti yinxalenye yezonka ezininzi zaseTshayina. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezininzi zaseTshayina, ngakumbi ingxenyana esenyakatho, iimveliso zentla, ezifana ne-noodle kunye ne-buns, i-steamed inkulu. Ngokwahlukileyo, umzekelo, inxalenye esemzantsi yeTshayina, apho kusetshenziselwa khona ilayisi yokutya. Nangona kubaluleka kwerayisi kwisiChina ukutya, akuphosakeleyo ukucinga ukuba oku yiyo yonke into yaseTshayina idla ngokutya. Ilayisi iyabonwa njengeyona nto yokutya okanye isongezo ekuphekeni, kodwa kukho iipeshi zokutya zaseTshayina ezingenanto enxulumene nerayisi. Umzekelo, uthando lwaseTshayina ukupheka nokutya isobho. Ziyakwazi ukuhluke ngokubunjwa kunye nokuvumelana. Isidlo sivame ukuhanjiswa ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwesidlo eSouth China.
Kwiindawo ezininzi zokutya zaseTshayina, ukutya kuphekwe nge-bite (imifuno, inyama, tofu), kunye nayo ilungele ukudla. Ngokwesiko, kwisiko lesiTshayina, ukusetyenziswa kweela kunye neforki kuthathwa njengobunqabileyo, ekubeni ezi "zixhobo" zisetyenziswa njengezixhobo. Ukongezelela, kuthathwa njengento engabonakaliyo kwiindwendwe zokubetha izixhobo kwaye ngokukhawuleza "ukutshabalalisa" ukutya etafileni. Ukuthuka umpheki kuya kuba ukuba isidlo sakhe asiyithandi, sivumba isahluko ngasinye, kodwa sithatha ngokukhawuleza kwaye siphuthume. AmaShayina akaqhelekanga ukuvakalisa ngokucacileyo iimvakalelo ngokutya. Nangona isitya siditywa ngetyuwa okanye singaphili, akukho mntu uya kuthetha inyaniso. Kuyinto engaqhelekanga, kodwa njengento yokubonga umpheki ubheka iitrhebhe ezingcolileyo etafileni emva kokutya, okuqinisekisa ukuba iindwendwe ziyakuthanda ukutya.
Intlanzi, inkukhu okanye inyama?
Intlanzi, njengomthetho, ilungiselelwe ngokweendlela zokutya zaseTshayina ngokupheleleyo. Yidla ngoncedo lweemichilo ezikhethekileyo, ngokungafani nezinye iifowuni, apho intlanzi iqhutyelwa kuqala kwiifestile. Kuyinto engathandeki ukwenza oku, isiTshayina sicinga ukuba, kuba intlanzi kufuneka ibe yintsha kunokwenzeka. Kwiivenkile, abalindi bahlala besetyenziselwa iifuni ezimbini kwiintlanzi, ngaphezu kweenduku, ukususa amathambo.
Inkukhu inyama yinye isidlo esithandwayo saseTshayina. Ikwaqhekeka kwaye ibe yinxalenye yezitya ezininzi ukusuka kwimifuno. Inkukhu enomthi kunye nelayisi - yiloo nto amaTshayina adla ngokutya.
Inyama yengulube e-China inokukhetha ukuncwina ngokubhekiselele kwizinto eziphathekayo zezoqoqosho, ezonqulo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umbala weengulube inyama kunye namafutha, kunye nokunambitheka kwawo kunye nephunga elimnandi libhekwa kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ingulube inokutya ngakumbi kunokuba yenkomo.
I-Vegetarianism ayiqhelekanga eChina, nangona, eNtshona, iqhutyelwa ngumlinganiselo omncinci wabemi. Izidlo zaseTshayina azidli i-tofu eninzi, njengoko zikholelwa ngokungekho kwiNtshona. Le ngcinga ephosakeleyo. Uninzi lwezityalo zaseTshayina zingamaBuddha. Ukuba uzama ukufunda isiChitshi, uya kubona ukuba ezininzi izitya zemifuno ezithandwayo ziqule inyama (ngokuqhelekileyo ingulube). Iziqwenga zenyama ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa izitya zokugcoba. Kwi-Chinese Buddhist cuisine, kukho ukutya okuninzi kwezityalo ezingenazo inyama. Ekupheleni kwesidlo se-gala, njengomthetho, izitya ezithandekayo zihanjiswa, njengeziqhamo ezintsha ezicatshisiweyo okanye isobho eshushu.
Ukusela kwiChina ukutya
Ngenkcubeko yesiShayina, iziphuzo ezibandayo zibhekwa njengengozi ekutyeni, ngakumbi xa zidla ukutya okutshisa. Ngoko izinto ezinjengamanzi e-ice okanye iziphuzo ezithambileyo azisebenzi xa zidla. Ukuba kukho ezinye iziphuzo, ziyakuthi zitshintshwe ngehayiti elishisayo okanye ngamanzi ashushu. Kukholelwa ukuba itiye ikhuthaza ukugaya ukutya okunamafutha.
I-Soy sauce kunye namadada e-soya
Ngaphezulu kweenkulungwane, abantu baseTshayina bayamkela unobumba lwe-soybean ngenxa yongcamango lwawo kunye nefuthe le-antitoxic. Sekuqaleni kwekhulu le-7, iteknoloji yaziswa eJapan naseKorea. Ngokuphuculwa kwayo ngokuthe ngcembe, kwavela i-soy sauce - i-liquidy soy and salt, okanye i-fermentation ye-soy flour. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeesukisi: i-sauce emnyama okanye i-sauce enomsoco, enika izitya ezicocekileyo umbala othile kunye neroma. Namhlanje, i-soy sauce inqobe imida yaseChina kwaye isetyenziswe kuwo wonke umhlaba. I-sauce ye-Soy - i-antioxidant yamandla kakhulu-idlula iipropati zewayini ebomvu ibe iqukethe i-vitamin C. I-soy sauce emnyama, ethandwa kakhulu kwi-East nakwi-East-East Asia, ikwazi ukunika umphumo osebenzayo ngokubhekisele kwizisele zabantu. Kule nto, iphumelele ngakumbi kunewayini elibomvu kunye ne-vithamini C. Le sauce iveliswa ngokuvutshelwa kwesoyibe, iqulethe izinto ezili-10 ezisebenza ngaphezu kwewayini elibomvu kunye nezihlandlo ezili-150 eziphambili kune-vitamin C. Ingakwazi unciphisa inkqubo ye-oxidation kumaseli esintu. Ukongezelela, i-soy sauce iyaphucula kakhulu ukujikeleza kwegazi kwaye iyancipha ukuphuhliswa kweenhliziyo kunye nezinye izifo. Ungasebenzisi kakubi i-soy sauce, kuba unomxholo ophezulu weetyuwa, kwaye esi sizathu sokwandisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
Ginger
Iingcambu zesi sityalo sezitshalo zibukhali, kunye ne-flavour ethile kunye nokutshisa. Emva kwe-sauce ye-soy, le yiyona nto isisiphelo esasetyenziswa kakhulu kwisiChina. Isetyenziswe kwifom entsha okanye eyomileyo, kunye nefowder.
Cinnamon
Yomisa i-stem bark yomthi weTropiki kwaye uyisebenzise njengophotho olumanzi. I-cinnamon inikeza izitya ngokukhethekileyo eziqhenkcezayo, ezivumba.
ICarnation
Iziqwenga ziyi-buds zemithi, ezomiswe ngeteknoloji ekhethekileyo. Le yipayisi ekhethekileyo enomdla kwiChina kunye neikhikhiti zamanye amazwe.
Kuthiwani malunga nezilondolozo?
Ngelishwa, ukutya kwaseTshayina akukho kubo. Ukugcinwa okuqhelekileyo ku-E621. Le isamudi glutamate, isetyenziswe ngokuthe tye kwi-flavour food kwaye yongezwa njengophodo kwi-bouillon cubes, kwi-chips, i-snacks, iindidi ezininzi, i-soy sauces, i-sauces inyama, njl. ukunambitha okunomsoco-omuncu. Oku kuqhelekileyo kwiindawo zokutyela zaseTshayina, nangona kukho ezininzi kwizinto ezisetyenziswa ngabantu baseTshayina.
Kukho into enjenge-"Chinese syndrome". Olu hlobo lokuxhomekeka kwi-sodium glutamate, esetyenziswa kakhulu kula maziko. Kwiindawo zokudlela zaseTshayina okokuqala kwihlabathi zaqala ukusebenzisa i-glutamate ye-sodium. Emva kwexesha, iingcali zaqala ukuqaphela uxhulumano phakathi kwentloko, ukubetha, ukuxubana nezinye izikhalazo malunga nemeko yempilo. Ngoko kwakukho into ebizwa ngokuba yi "Chinese syndrome". Emva koko kukho konke oku kubangelwa i-glutamate ye-sodium. Phantse zonke ukutya kwiitishi zaseTshayina zizityebi kule nto. Iqulethe inani elikhulu kakhulu lezilwanyana zaselwandle. Eminye yemiphumo engafanelekanga: ukukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela, iingxaki zamehlo, ukukhungatheka kunye nobunzima bokugxila, ngakumbi kubantwana, kunye nokulimala kwengqondo.
Kwimvavanyo, iigundane zondliwe iimveliso ezizityebi kwi-E621, kwaye umphumo wawubonakala - umlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokukhuluphala. I-glutamate sodium yenze umonakalo kwi-hypothalamus kunye nezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Oku kuchazwa yinyaniso yokuba i-glutamate ye-sodium ikhuthaza ukuphela kwezibilini kwizilwanyana zokulinga, ngamanye amaxesha zikhokelela ekufeni kwazo.
Kodwa kuthekani ngempilo?
Ukutya okuqhelekileyo kwesiTshayina ngaphambi kokuba uphuhliso lwentsebenziswano lusekelwe ngokuyinhloko kwilayisi, luhamba nemifuno entsha kunye nemithombo yamaprotheni kwakukho ukutya okunjengamanqatha. Inyama yayingekho. Amafutha kunye noshukela bezinto eziphathekayo ezinokuba yingxenye encinci yabemi. Kamva, ukutya okwenziwa ngesiTshayina kuya kuba nobutyebi kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezikhokelela kwimiphumo yempilo efanayo.
Ukungondleki kungumngcipheko ikakhulu kwiindawo ezisemantla nasentshonalanga yeli lizwe, ngelixa ukutya okungenakulungelelaniso kufaneka kwiindawo ezinxweme kunye nezixeko. Ucwaningo ngo-2004 lubonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamathambo phakathi kwabantu basezidolophini kwanda ukuya kuma-38.4%. Kamva, imimiselo yokusetyenziswa kwayo yi-World Health Organisation yatshintshwa. Ukusetyenziswa kwamanye amafutha kunye neepilisi zezilwanyana kubangelwa zizifo ezininzi ezingapheliyo phakathi kwabantu baseTshayina. Ngo-2008, i-22.8% yabemi ikhulu kakhulu, i-18.8% ibe nexinzelelo legazi eliphezulu, inani labantu abanesifo sikashukela e-China liphezulu kwihlabathi. Ukuthelekisa, ngo-1959, amatyala aphezulu enegazi ayenama-5.9% kuphela.
Kwisifundo esinzulu esibizwa ngokuthi "iProjekthi yeShayina", kukho uxhulumaniso phakathi kwezifo ezithile kunye nokutya kweTshayina. Ukunyuka kokusetyenziswa kweeprotheni zezilwanyana kuhambelana kakhulu nomdlavuza, isifo sikashukela, izifo zentliziyo, kwaye oku, kuxhomekeke ekutheni inkolelo yokutya yaseNtshona, ehlala ihamba, ihamba ngendlela eya eChina.
EYurophu, abaninzi abalandeli beTshayina - oko amaTshayina badla ngokutya, nangona kunjalo, ihluke ngokukodwa kwimibono ekwavunyelwa ngokubanzi. Ubugcisa bokupheka eChina iminyaka emininzi, kodwa ngeli xesha litshintshile kakhulu, ukuxubusha ne-European cuisine kunye nokutya kwamanye amazwe ehlabathini. Imveliso yaseChina yoqobo ingabonwa kuphela kwiindawo ezikude zelizwe kwiindawo zokutyela ezincinci, kunye namakhaya abantu baseTshayina asebekhulile abahlala beyinyaniso kwizithethe zabo. Kodwa zimbalwa kwaye zimbalwa, kodwa inani labathandi beTshayina lidla.