Ukuxhomekeka kwiziyobisi, iindlela zokunqoba

Kwinqaku lethu "Ukuxhomekeka kwiziyobisi, iindlela zokunqoba" uya kukwazi ulwazi olutsha noluncedo wena kunye nentsapho yonke. Ngokuxhomekeke kuthiwa sisisifiso esingenakunqwenelekayo sokufumana iimvakalelo zomzimba okanye zengqondo ezivela phantsi kwezenzo zentshukumo ethile.

Ukunciphisa okanye ukungabikho kwezi zintlupheko kuhambelana nokudakalisa okukhulu kwimeko yokuxhomekeka. Umntu onomlutha wokuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi unxanela ukuba athabatheke ekuthatheni iziyobisi ezibangela ukuphulwa kwe-chemical balance in the brain. Indlela yokusabela kwinkqubo ye-nervous to stimulus iyancipha kunye nexesha, ekhokelela ekuphuhliseni ukunyamezela-isidingo sokwandisa i dose ukufezekisa umphumo oyifunayo.

I-withdrawal syndrome

Ukupheliswa kwezinto eziphathekayo kuhamba kunye nokubonakala kwempawu ezahlukahlukeneyo ezixhomekeke kuhlobo lwesilwanyana:

Ukuphuhliswa kokuxhomekeka kweekhemikhali kuchaphazelekayo kwimiba yeengqondo, kubandakanywa neempawu zomntu ngamnye:

Uninzi lwabantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi ngabantu abancinci, ngokuphindaphindiweyo besilisa. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo luphuhliso oludlulileyo lokuxhomekeka kwizilwanyana "ezikwamukelekileyo" - utywala kunye ne-nicotine, ngezinye iimeko eziza kusetyenziswa inambuzane, ngamanye amaxesha nezidakamizwa ezinzima. Ngokuqhelekileyo into yokuxhomekeka kuyimveliso yamachiza evumelekileyo (i-nicotine, utywala okanye i-tea eqinile kunye nekhofi) okanye ivaliwe (i-marijuana, i-heroin). Into eqhelekileyo yezinto ezivinjelweyo i-marijuana. Ngokwezibalo, uninzi lwabantu abaselula abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-25 ubuncinane kanye kanye ebomini babo bazama i-marijuana. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ecstasy, i-LSD kunye ne-cocaine ngexesha lethu libe yimbonakalo yokufumana ulutsha.

Imbali

Ingxaki yokuxhomekeka kwemichiza ikhona ixesha elide. Kwiinkulungwane ze-XVII-XVIII, ukusela iwayini kwakukhuselekileyo kunokuba kusetyenziswe amanzi aqhelekileyo. Phakathi kwekhulu le-XIX, i-opium ingathengwa kwisitolo. Kwiminyaka engama-50 ukuya kuma-60 ekhulwini lokugqibela, izidakamizwa ezazisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zi-amphetamines, ezazivame ukuchazwa ngezizathu zonyango, kunye neerbiturates. Ngomnyaka we-1975, ukuphakama kokusetyenziswa koxolo, i-hypnotics kunye nezivuselelo zaqala. Okwangokunje, oogqirha abaqhelanga ukubala izi yobisi ngenxa yokuba banokuphuhlisa umlutha nokuxhomekeka.

Iziyobisi ezithintekayo zibandakanya:

Umahluko phakathi kokusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa gadalala (ngokubhekiselele kuzo zombini iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni), ngokukodwa, izinga lokuxhomekeka kunye nemiphumo emihle yokwamkelwa kwawo. Kuyinto yesiko ukuthetha ngokusetyenziswa kakubi kwiimeko xa izidakamizwa zonyango zisetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo kwaye zingaphantsi komntu wobomi. Abaninzi baya kuvuma ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lunokucatshangelwa xa, ngenxa yesiselo sotywala rhoqo, umntu kunye neendawo zakhe zineengxaki okanye izinto zentlalo.

Iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi

Abantu abaxhomekeke kwiziyobisi bangasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezahlukeneyo ngexesha elifanayo. Iimpawu zokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa rhoqo ziquka ukuguquka kokuziphatha, ukunyamezela okukhulu, ukufihla, ukucaphuka, ukuguquka kwemizwa ngokukhawuleza, ukungabikho kokutya, ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokufunda nokuzonwabisa. Ewe, ezi zimpawu zinokuba nezinye izizathu. Uphawu olucacileyo lungabonakaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwabafundi, kunye nokugcinwa kweesringana kunye neenaliti. Emva kokuba ufumene ukuba umntwana usebenzisa iziyobisi, kubalulekile ukuba 'ungabhondi intonga'. Abaninzi abaselula bazama ukutshaya i-marijuana, ngaphandle kokuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezinzima.

Unyango

Into eyoyikisayo kuxhomekeke kwiziyobisi, iindlela zokunqoba zinikwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Isicwangciso sonyango senziwa ngokubambisana nogqirha. Ukulungisa iziphazamiso zokuziphatha ezinxulumene nokusebenzisa iziyobisi, unokufuna uncedo lweengqondo. Xa iziphazamiso ze-somatic zikhula ngenxa yokubhema i-marijuana, ukusela utywala okanye i-heroin, kufuneka ikhwelo kwabanye abaqeqeshiweyo. Iinkalo eziphambili zokulungiswa kokuxhomekeka kukunyuka kwiinjongo zokushiya umkhwa ombi, ukubonelela ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokuwunqoba, kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, unyango lweziyobisi. Iqondo lokulimala ekuthathweni kweziyobisi lihlukile. Kuxhomekeka, ngokukodwa, kwiimpawu zesenzo esisetyenziswayo kunye neempawu zomntu zesigulane. Ukutshaya kwandisa ingozi yomhlaza wamaphaphu kunye nokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo. Utywala okanye utywala ngotywala kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo engathandekiyo yoluntu. Ukuxhomekeka kokuxilongwa kwezidakamizwa kuba yimbangela yeengxaki ezininzi. Ukuxhomekeka kwanoma yimuphi uhlobo kwenza umntu akhohlise, azigwenxa aze ahlasele abanye.

Iqondo leempembelelo kwi-psyche lixhomekeke kuhlobo lwesilwanyana: i-marijuana - kwabanye abantu ukusetyenziswa kwayo ayibangeli imiphumo emibi, kodwa oku kubangelwa ukuba kube neengozi ezibulalayo. Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwegogu kungakhokelela kwiziganeko zesifo sengqondo esichukumisayo. Ngokusetyenziswa okungapheliyo, kunokuhle kube nokunciphisa umnqweno wesondo kunye nokuphulwa kwamandla okugxininisa; kwi heroin - ukuthatha le michiza inxulumene nomngcipheko omkhulu wokufa ngokugqithiseleyo. Eminye imiphumo ingabandakanya izifo zokuphefumula kunye nokuzibetha. Nangona kunjalo, ingozi enkulu ibangele indlela yokulawula: ukusetyenziswa kweesringana ezabelwana kunye neenaliti kudla ngokukhokelela ekuhanjisweni kwezifo, umzekelo weHIV kunye nesifo sofuba; I-ecstasy - kukho idatha malunga nokufa kwabantu abancinci abasebenzisa le nkunkuma, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokudambisa umzimba.

Kukho ubungqina obuchanekileyo bokuthi abantu abaselula abaxhaphaza iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni bafumana "izidakamizwa ezisemthethweni" ekuqaleni. Ukuba intombazana engazange ihlangabezane nokutshaya, utywala okanye iziyobisi ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-18-25, amathuba okusebenzisa kwabo kwixesha elizayo kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Ngaloo ndlela, indlela efanelekileyo yokuthintela inokuthintela ukusela kwangaphambili nokutshaya. Kukho amaziko okulungelelanisa uluntu kubantu abajongene nokuxhomekeka kotywala. Ukuhlala kuzo kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abangatshatanga-kubanika ithuba lokutshintsha ubomi babo ngendlela yokuba akukho ndawo yokusela kotywala kuyo.