Igama elithi "i-viral hepatitis" ngokuqhelekileyo libhekiselwe njengesifo, i-agent engabangela ukuba i-hepatitis A, B, C, D, E kunye ne-F zithathwa njenge-virus ye-hepatitis A, B, C, D, E kunye ne-F. Intsholongwane ye-Viral Hepatitis iya kukunceda ukuphepha iingxaki zesifo.
Iimpawu
I-hepatitis enobuchule ifana nomfanekiso wecilisi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-pathogen. Izigulane zinomzimba omncinci we-influenza-like illness and nausea, ukuhlanza nokulahleka kwesidlo, ngamanye amaxesha kunye nokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwintlalo-ntle. Ezinye iimpawu ziquka:
• umkhuhlane;
• ukukhathala;
• intlungu esiswini;
• urhudo.
Ngenxa yokuba intsholongwane ichaphazela iiselingi zesibindi, ngokuqhelekileyo i-jaundice yesikhumba kunye nombala omnyama womchamo.
I-Viral hepatitis A
Usulelo lwesifo se-hepatitis A sisenzeka ngokusetyenziswa kwamanzi okanye ukutya okuhlambulukileyo. Intsholongwane iphindaphindeka xa iinkqubo zokupheka zonyango ziphulwa, kwiindawo ezinokulawulwa kogcino. Ngethuba lexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elide elide malunga neveki ezine, intsholongwane ikhula ngokukhawuleza emathunjini kwaye ikhutshwe ngamagqabi. Ukuxhoma kwintsholongwane yintsholongwane kuphelisa ukubonakaliswa kweempawu zokuqala zesifo. Ngoko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo ngexesha lokuxilongwa, isigulane sele sisenasifo. Kwabanye abantu, lesi sifo sinqabile, kwaye ininzi yabo ibuye ibuye ingabikho unyango olukhethekileyo, nangona ihlala iphakanyiswa ukulala.
I-Viral Hepatitis B
Usulelo lwegciwane lesifo se-hepatitis B lwenzeka xa lubonakaliswe kwigazi elingcolileyo kunye nezinye izifo zomzimba. Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, kwakukho amaxesha amaninzi okusasaza intsholongwane ngegazi, kodwa iinkqubo zanamhlanje zokujonga ilini legazi zivumelekile ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusuleleka kumngcipheko. Uninzi lwamaxesha amaninzi, usulelo lusasazeka phakathi kwabaxhatshazwayo beziyobisi ababelana ngeesaliti. Iqela leengozi libandakanya abantu abanobomi bokuziphatha ngokwesondo, nabasebenzi bezonyango. Ngokuqhelekileyo iimpawu zesifo zivela kancane kancane emva kwexesha lokutshatyalalisa elihlala kwiinyanga ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-6. Phantse ama-90% abantu abagulayo baphinde bafumane. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-5-10% ye-hepatitis iyadlula kwifomu engapheliyo. Ifom ye-hepatitis B ibonakalisa ngokukhawuleza iimpawu zekliniki kunye nokubulala okukhulu.
I-Viral Hepatitis C
Usulelo luyafana ngendlela efana ne-virus ye-hepatitis B, kodwa umendo wesondo awuqhelekanga. Kwi-80% yamatyala, intsholongwane iyadluliselwa ngegazi. Ixesha lokuxubusha lihlala kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kuma-26. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izigulane azi ukuba zikhulelwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, intsholongwane iyabonakala xa kuhlaziywa igazi ukusuka kubantu abaphilileyo. Ukuhamba ngokungahambi kakuhle, i-virus ye-hepatitis C idlula ngokugqithiseleyo ibe yifomu engapheliyo (kwi-75% yamatyala). Akufumanekanga ngaphezu kwama-50% abantu abagulayo. Kwisigaba esibucayi se-hepatitis A, umzimba uvelisa i-immunoglobulins M (i-IgM), eyatshintshwa yi-immunoglobulins G (IgG). Ngaloo ndlela, ukufunyanwa kwigazi lomgulane nge-IgM kubonisa ubukho be-hepatitis enzima. Ukuba isiguli sine-hepatitis A esedlulileyo kwaye singakhuselekanga nesifo, i-IgG iya kufunyanwa kwigazi layo.
I-antigens ye-Hepatitis B
I-Hepatitis B ineenkqubo ezintathu zokulwa ne-antigen-antibody ezenza kube lula ukuhlula uhlobo olusebenzayo lwesifo ukusuka kumzimba okhuselekileyo kwaye wenze izigulane ezifanelekileyo.
• I-anti-anti-HBsAg - iyimpawu zokuqala zentsholongwane ezitshabalalisayo ekuphumeni. I-Anti-HBs - iintsholongwane ezibonakala emva kokuphulukana kwaye zigcine ixesha lokuphila, zibonisa intsholongwane. Ukufunyaniswa okuqhubekayo kwe-HBsAg kunye neqondo eliphantsi le-Anti-HBs kubonisa ukuba i-hepatitis engapheliyo okanye umntu ophethe intsholongwane. Inkunkuma ye-antigen iyona mqondiso oyintloko wokuxilongwa kwe-hepatitis B.
• I-antigen-HHcAg yintloko-i-cell anti-HHCAg. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala xa isi sifo sibuhlungu, kwaye umgangatho wayo wehla. Kungaba ngumqondiso kuphela wokusuleleka kwintsholongwane.
• I-Shell antigen -HbeAg-itholakala kuphela ebusweni bomhlaba ongenagciwane kwaye ibonisa umngcipheko ophezulu wokusuleleka kumntu oqhagamshelana kunye nokwanda okwenziwe ukutshintshela kwifomu engapheliyo.
Iigonya
Okwangoku, iindidi ezininzi zegciwane lesifo se-hepatitis C ziyahlukana, ziyahlukahluka kuxhomekeke kwisigulane sendawo yokuhlala. Ukongeza, kwizithwala, intsholongwane ingatshintshwa ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngenxa yobomi be-antibodies kwintsholongwane egazini, uhlobo olusebenzayo lwesifo lufunyenwe. Ukukhusela i-hepatitis A kunye ne-hepatitis B ezigonywayo ziye zadalwa, ngoxa uncedo olukhuselekileyo lwe-virus olusakhulayo. Zingasetyenziswa kunye okanye ngokwahlukileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iintlobo ze-antigenic ze-virus ye-hepatitis C azibandakanyi ithuba lokuphuhlisa isitofu sokulwa nayo. Ukugonywa kwe-immune (injection of immunoglobulins) kunceda ukunciphisa ingozi yezifo ezinxulumene ne-virus ye-hepatitis A kunye ne-B. Ukugonywa okukhuselekileyo kukuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwesimo esifanelekileyo sesifo kunye nokutshintshela kwimo engasigxina. Indlela yodwa yokunyanga i-hepatitis C kukulawulwa kwe-interferons (iziyobisi zonyango), ezingenakuhlala zisebenza kwaye zineempembelelo.
Forecast
Ukuba i-hepatitis ihlala kwinyanga engaphezu kweyesithandathu, bayathetha ngehambo yakhe engapheliyo. Ubunzima be-pathology bunokusukela kwi-inflammation ephazamisayo ukuya kwi-cirrhosis, apho iiselingi zesibindi ezithintekayo zithatyathwa nguthambo olungasebenzi. I-Hepatitis B kunye neC ziyezona zifundo eziphambili kwisithathu kwisithathu. Inkoliso kaninzi ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye ihamba kunye neempawu ezingenasiphelo, ezifana nokukhathala, ukungabikho kokutya kunye nokonakaliswa kwintlalo-ntle ngaphandle kwexesha elibi.
I-hepatitis engapheliyo
Izigulane ezininzi azikrokreli ukuba zine-hepatitis engapheliyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo eso sifo sihlala iminyaka emininzi, ngamanye amaxesha namashumi eminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, kwaziwa ukuba ngexesha elide ixesha lokugula kwe-hepatitis lihlala liba yi-cirrhosis kunye ne-hepatocellular carcinoma (isifo somhlaza wesibindi).