Eli xesha lihlala malunga neeyure ezingama-7. Ngokokuqala ngqa ukulwa okulungele ukulibaziseka, oku kuthetha ukuba baya kuthintela umama ozayo ukuba abe nokuphumla kunye nokufumana amandla "umsebenzi" ozayo. Emva koko ugqirha uya kuzisa iyeza lokunceda ukuba alale. Kuwo wonke umama, owokuqala, ukuzalwa okwesibini, ngokubodwa, iinkcukacha-kwinqaku ngesihloko esithi "Ukuzalwa kokuqala kwahluke kwiyesibini."
- Ixesha lokuqala - ukuvulwa komlomo wesibeleko
Oku kwenzeka ukuba isigaba sezocalulo zokulungiswa siphelile kwaye sikhathele ngumama olindelekileyo okanye u-amniotic fluid ehamba ngaphambi kwexesha. Kule meko, ugqirha uya kumnika i-remative remedy ukumvumela ukuba aphumle aze abuyisele isigqi. Kwakhona kwenzeka ukuba ngexesha lokuzalwa komlomo wesibeleko, umama we-"debutante" akayilungele, oko kukuthi, akayi kuthoba kwaye akafinyezi. Ngaphantsi kwezenzo zabo, intamo ithambile, ifutshane kwaye ivule kancane. Intamo ifana nethubhu enezimbambano ezi-2: yokuqala "ivala" ukungena kwesibeleko (apho, umntwana ushukuma emanzini amniotic), kunye nomnye-"ukuphuma" ngaphandle. Ngulo myalelo wokugqibela ophethe umthwalo omkhulu xa ubeletha: kufuneka uvule ngaphezulu nangakumbi ukuba umntwana avume. Ukuze kucaciswe, cinga ibhaluni yomoya (isisu), umlenze (umgudu womlomo wesibeleko) ohlangene kunye nemicambo emibini (ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-cervix). Unyaka wokuqala "ongenamava" unina uhlala kwiiyure eziyi-12 ukuya kweye-18 (oku kuquka u-7 olungiselelekileyo), ngexesha lokuzalwa okulandelayo kuthatha iiyure ezingama-6-8. Ngesihlandlo sokuqala isigqi semibhikano kule nqanaba singaphambukela kwimvelo, ngoko ibe yifutshane, engavumelekanga, kunye nomlomo wesibeleko ngenxa yesizathu asivuli. Emva koko ugqirha uya kuqala ukulungiselela umlomo wesibeleko ngoncedo lwamachiza, umzekelo, i-gel, equka izinto eziphathekayo eziphilayo-i-prostaglandins, okanye ikhandlela ngezinto eziphucula izihlunu zakhe.
- Ixesha lesibini - ukuzalwa komntwana
Iqala ngethuba lokuvulwa komlomo wesibeleko kwaye liphela ngokuzalwa komntwana. Ngeli xesha, izibhambano ziba nzima kakhulu, kwaye iinzame zongezwa kubo. Intloko yeeshicilelo zentsana kwiimisipha yomgangatho weplavic yowesifazane, iyakuchukumisa ukuphela kwezibilini, apho unomnqweno ongathandekiyo wokumisa. Ixesha lesibini lihlala ixesha elide kuba "iindlovukazi", ukusuka kwiiyure ukuya ku-2. Le nto iyingxenye ngenxa yokuba kubhinqa kuba ngumama okokuqala, iisiphako zeplasvic, izithintelo zomzimba zincinci, zithetha ukuba abazimisele kakhulu ukunweba nokusebenzisa ngaphezulu ukumelana nokuzalwa komntwana. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukuxhatshazwa komsele wendawo yokuzalwa kwi-"phambili" kwenzeka kathathu ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ukuthintela oku, ugqirha uphahlalisa izicubu. Ixesha lesithathu kukuzalwa kokuzalwa emva kokuzalwa. Iqala ngokubonakala komntwana kwaye iphelela ngokuzalwa kokuzalwa emva kokuzalwa (oko kukuthi, i-placenta eneemfomfustile ze-fetal). Ixesha lesithathu lihlala malunga nemizuzu emi-5-10. Ngeli xesha, i-uterus iyancitshiswa, ihla ukuya kwinqanaba leenombumba, kungenxa yoko ukuxhunywa kwayo kunye ne-placenta iphukile, iyakhula kwaye, ngoncedo lwezinto ezilwa, ikhutshwa ngaphandle kunye neembrane. Akukho mfahluko othe ngqo kwindlela "abanamava" kunye "namava" abanamava bafumana eli xesha, cha. Ukuzalwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kokuzalwa kwemvelo kunobomi babo. Udonga lwangasemva lwangasese kunye nam udonga lwamazinyo kubamama abaza kusasa kuncinci, ngoko intloko yesana, esondele ngakumbi ekuphumeni, kuze kube sekuqaleni kweemfazwe, ingahlala iselula ngaphaya kokungena kwesikhumba, kunokuba ixinzelele kuyo, njengokuba ngexesha lokuqala lokuhambisa. Ngenxa yoko, ibhinqa ayithandi ukuba "isisu siphume" - ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka 2-3 kwiiveki ngaphambi kokuzalwa. I-Cervix ngexesha lokubuyisela izivuno lula kwaye ngokukhawuleza. I-exception iya kuba kuphela oomama abanomdla abafumana ukulimala kwentamo ngexesha lokuzalwa kwangaphambili. Ngethamsanqa, ngoku ziimeko ezinqabile. Ukuba ubuqhetseba bomlomo bubude bayo bonke kwaye abuzange baphilise okanye kubonakale isiqhwaba kwindawo yabo, oogqirha banokulukhokela lo mfazi kwinqanaba elicwangcisiweyo lokucima. Ukudalulwa komlomo wesibeleko ngexesha lomsebenzi ngokuphindaphindiweyo kukhawuleza kwaye kuthatha iiyure eziyi-6 ukuya kweyure. Ngexesha elifanayo kunye nokulwa kokuqala, kokubili ukuvula nokunciphisa umlomo wesibeleko kuqala.
Ngenxa yokuba ukubeletha ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye isigaba xa isahluko sibe sibuhlungu asihlali ixesha elide, imfuneko yokuba i-anesthesia enzulu ivela ngokuthe gqolo. Ukuba umntwana ozalwayo akadluli ngokukhulu ukulingana kokuqala kwaye kulungile, ixesha lesi-2 lezabasebenzi lihamba ngokukhawuleza . Ulutsha luhamba "kwinqanaba elithandwayo", kwaye ukuba okokuqala ngethuba lokuchazwa ngokugcwele komlomo wesibeleko ngaphambi kokuzalwa komntwana kuthatha iiyure eziyi-1-1.5, emva kwemizuzu engama-20 ukuya ku-30. Ama-analgesics asetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuze afumaneke, ajojowe nge-intramuscularly or intravenously. Ukulimala komlomo wesibeleko kunye ne-perineum ngexesha lomsebenzi ophindaphindiweyo aliqhelekanga kunokokuqala, ngaphandle kokuba izicubu ezithambileyo zingagqithwanga. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukukhulelwa kunye nokubeletha kukuvavanywa ngumfazi. Kwaye ukuzalwa kokuqala, ngaphandle kokuba bavelise ngokwemvelo, basoloko behlala bekhunjulwa ngumama omncinci njengomsebenzi onzima, ngelixa eli lizayo lishiya umvakalelo obunzima kunye nokukhathala. Ngoku siyazi indlela ukuzalwa kokuqala kwahluke ngayo okwesibini. Kwaye iintsana, ngenxa yokuba ukunyakaza kwinqanaba lokuzalwa lokukhawuleza likhawuleza, ngokuqhelekileyo lusebenza kwaye lungcono ukuthatha isifuba kwisondlo sokuqala. Ekubeni ukuzalwa konke okulandelayo kuphakamisa umngcipheko wokulahla kumama omncinci, imeko yabazali abanamava kwinqanaba lesithathu labasebenzi kunye neyure yokuqala emva kokugqweswa kwabo, ugqirha nombelethisi baqaphele ngokugqithiseleyo. Kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokuthunyelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, abanye abafazi babona ukuphambana okubuhlungu kwesibeleko, ngamanye amaxesha kufuneke nokuba nesifo se-analgesia. Nangona kunjalo, le mvakalelo idlula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukhathala okungaphantsi kwenkqubo kwaye amava afunyenwe ngononophelo oonyana bokuqala unceda abafazi ukuba baqine ngokukhawuleza.