Ukuzalwa kwepelvic

Ukuba umntwana akazange aphendule ngaphambi kweveki yama-37, uya kuhlala ehlala kule ndawo. Ngoko ke, kukho ukuzalwa kwe-pelvic okungenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo kunye kunye necesarean section. Kukho iimeko zokubhikisha ngomhla wokubeleka, kodwa oku kuluhlu. Phantse i-4% yabantwana bahlala ngexesha lokunikezelwa kwintetho ye-pelvic. Iintsana zokuqala zihlala zizalise ixesha elipheleleyo kwi-pelvic presentation, kuba abanalo ixesha lokujika. Ugqirha okhokelela ekuzalweni kufuneka uhlale ekhumbula ukuba umsebenzi we-pelvic unokubangela iingxaki kunye nemiphumo emibi yengxaki yomntwana (oku kungenayo i-intrapartum hypoxia, kunye nokulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu), kunye nomama (ukuxhatshazwa kwenzalo yokuzala, ixesha elide labasebenzi, izifo ezithatha ixesha elizayo kunye njalo).


Ingozi yomsebenzi kunye neentloko ze-pelvic

Okokuqala, isiphelo se-pelvic (okanye umbingeleli) wengane incinane kakhulu kumthamo ngaphezu kwentloko yayo. Ngako oko, ixinzelela ubunzima obungaphantsi kwinqanaba elingaphantsi lesisu. Isibeleko siphendula ngokubi, kwaye umlomo wesibeleko uba nzima. Ieto zonke zinciphisa ukuzalwa kwaye zikhokelela ekubuthathaka komzimba.

Okwesibini, intloko yomntwana kwinkqubo yokubeletha inganakwa, kwaye oku kudala kukhokelela ekulimaleni.

Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ukuphulwa kwentambo yomda phakathi kwodonga lomngxube wesizukulwana kunye nentloko, ukuphosa izibonda zebhokhwe phezulu ukuya entloko. Ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kumntwana kwenza kube nzima ukuqhubela phambili intambo yomzimba, i-hypoxia iqala.

Kwinqanaba elikhulu, konke oku ngasentla kusebenza kubantwana abadliwayo. Ubungakanani bomzimba wabo usemncinci, intloko ivame kakhulu, kwaye oku kukuthintela kakhulu ukuzalwa kwi-pelvic presentation.

Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba i-progralical cord okanye imilenze yesisu esivela kwisibeletho ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi obanzi. Ngenxa yoko, usulelo luyakwazi ukuphakama kwisibeleko kwaye luhlukanise umntwana, kunye nonina (le-endometritis emva kokubeletha).

Ukongezelela, abafana bahlelelekile. Ngethuba lokusasaza ngexesha lokunikezelwa kukho uxinzelelo olukhulu kwi-scrotum, enokubangela ukulimala.

Inkqubo yegazi

Umzuzu wokuqala ukuguquka kwangaphakathi kwamatye. Iqala ngexesha lokutshintshwa kwamatye avela kwinxalenye enkulu yeplavis ukuya kumncinci. Oku kwenzeka ukwenzela ukuba ubukhulu obuphambeneyo beentsimbi kwi-pelvic venet bubungakanani obuchanekileyo beeplavis ngokwayo, amacoko aya phambili ngaphantsi kwe-arch arch, i-posterior ibekwe phezu kwe-coccyx. Kule meko, i-trunk ye-fetus yenza i-lateral encinci iguqulwe ngumbonakalo wehla, ngokuhambelana nokuguqa kwe-axis ye-pelvis.

Umzuzwana wesibini ujikelezo lwe-lateral of the fetus (i-lumbar part). Ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo kwintsana kuholele ukugoba okusemgangathweni komlenze wakhe. Umva we-butt ugobe kwi-crotch kunye ne-front buttock ekugqibeleni ivela phantsi kwe-pubic. Izinzwane zengane encinane ngeli xesha zifake umda ojikelezayo ukuya kubukhulu bendawo yokungena kwi-pelvis, apho i-prokealogs idlulile. Kule meko, umzimba womntwana uphendukela kancane.

Umzuzwana wesithathu ukuguquka kwangaphakathi kwamagxa, kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-trunk. Olu phephelo luphela ngokusekwa kwamagxala ehlombe kunye nobukhulu obukhulu bokuphuma. Amaphepha ephambi komntwana ngexesha elifanayo afanelekileyo phantsi kwe-arch laminar, isikhundla esiphambili sabekwa ngaphezu kwe-perineum phambi kwe-coccyx.

Ingongoma yesine yinkcazo yecandelo elincinci lomqolo we-vertebral column. Ngaloo mzuzwana, iimbambo kunye nebhinqa lomthwalo liyazalwa.

Umzuzu wesihlanu ukujikelezwa kwangaphakathi kwentloko. Inhloko ingena ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu obungakanani bokungena kwesikhumba, kunye nokubhekiselele kuloo mahlombe adlulileyo. Inhloko yenza ukujika kwangaphakathi kwinkqubo yokutshintshela kwingxenye encinci yeplavis, njengesiphumo suture sagittal ebonakalayo kwisayizi esele ngqo, kwaye i-suboccipitary fossa iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo.

Umzuzwana wesithandathu ukugoba kwentloko, ukuqhuma kwayo: i-peralum yangasese igqitywe ngokulandelanayo: isangqa, umlomo, emva kwempumlo, ebunzini lentloko yengane.

Intloko icutshulwe ngotshani obincinci, njengokuba kwintetho yangaphambili. Ngaphantsi kangangoko ukuqhuma kwentloko ye-fetal phantsi kobukhulu bepalate, kwaye oku kukukhokelela ekusweleni nasekuphumeni kwe-perineum.

Izinto ezithandekayo ekuzalweni kwe-pelvic

Iimeko zendalo ziyamkelekile ezi zinto zilandelayo. Ukukhulelwa kwexesha elipheleleyo (ngaphezu kweeveki ezingama-37); umntwana wesisu; Umyinge oqikelelwa ubunzima bomntwana ukususela kuma-2500 ukuya kuma-3600 amagremu, kunye nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo beeplakhini zomama; i-prawn-foot cut; ukufumaneka kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo kunye nezixhobo.

Xa zonke ezi zihambelane nazo, unako ukuzama ukwakhela ngokwakho, kungenjalo kulungile ukucwangcisa icandelo lakho lexesha elikude.

Izinto ezingamkelekanga ekuzalweni kwemvelo

Iziphumo ezimbi zokuhanjiswa kwe-pelvic zibukhulu bomntwana ongaphantsi kwama-2500, okanye ngaphezu kwama-3600 amagremu; umntwana wokuqala, ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, umlenze wesantya we-pelvic presentation; umntwana wesisu; Ukugqithisa (ukufakwa kwe-ultrasound) yentloko yesisu; Ukungabi nongcali oqeqeshiweyo owaziyo ukuvelisa ukuzalwa kwe-pelvic.

Ukuba ubuncinci enye yezi zinto zikhoyo, ngoko ingozi yeengxaki zikhulu. Kungcono ukuba ungabikho umngcipheko uze ubelethe umntwana onamayeza.

Ukuzalwa kuyenziwa njani kwintetho ye-pelvic ye-fetus

Kunconywa ukususela kwinqanaba lokuqala lomsebenzi ngokunyamezela kwentloko ukulala ngasecaleni, apho umqolo ubhekene nayo.

Xa iintsontsho zentsana ziboniswa kwiqabetho lomzimba, owesifazane oqhelekileyo nguye u-perineum (oku yi-episiotomy). Oku kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukunciphisa amathuba okulimala entloko yesisu.

Abaqeshisi balandela ngokusondeleyo intliziyo yesana ne-KTG. Xa usana luzalwa ngaphambi kwenkohlakalo, kwaye intloko yalo ingena kwi-vtas kwaye icinezela intambo yomlomo, ngenxa yoko, i-hypoxia ihlala ikhula.

Ukuba umntwana akazalwanga ngaphakathi kwimizuzu engama-7-10 emva koko, kukho ingozi empilweni yakhe nangobomi bakhe. Ngoko ke, ekuzalweni okunjalo, iziyobisi ezikhuthaza umsebenzi zihlala zisetyenziswa.

Xa i-placenta izalwe, ukukhusela i-postpartum hemorrhage, ibhinqa ilawulwa i-oxytocin kunye ne-methylergometrine, ebangela ukuhla kwe-uterus.

Xa icandelo lexinzelelo lexesha elixakekayo liboniswa

Ukuqala ukuzalwa kwe-pelvic ngendlela engokwemvelo, ingcali inokugqiba isigqibo sokuba isigaba se-caesarean sisadingeka. Kule meko, libizwa ngokuba lukhulu, kuba lwenziwa emva kokuqala kwezinto ezichaseneyo. Kungenzeka kwiimeko ezilandelayo. Oku kukuwa kwezandla, imilenze okanye intambo yomntwana; ukuphazamiseka kwamaplanga; ubuthathaka bomsebenzi, ngokuvula umlomo wesibeleko ngaphantsi kwama-5 cm; i-hypoxia yobusana obukhulu; ukufumanisa abasebenzi.