Ngaphambi kokuqala kwendlela umama okhulayo eqala ngayo ukuziva ukunyuka kwe-fetal, kunzima kuye ukuziva umzimba kwaye ucinge ukuba umntwana uthathwa ngaphantsi kwentliziyo yakhe ngaphandle kwakhe. Uvakalelo lokuphila okuzimeleyo komntwana luqala ngokukhawuleza ukususela ngexesha lokuhamba kwakhe kokuqala. Oo, zininzi iimvakalelo ezingenakuqondakalayo umama ezijongene nazo, uvakalelwa ukutshukunyiswa kokuqala kwengane yakhe, kwisisu esisakhulayo. Kwi-reception kwi-intetho yabasetyhini, abasetyhini balala nababelethisi abalele bebuza imibuzo: "Yaye xa eqala ukuhamba? "," Njani ukuqonda ukuhamba komntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa? " "," Kufanele ahambe njani? " "Kwaye namanye amaninzi amaxesha amnandi. Ukuze siqonde kakuhle le ngxaki kwaye siyiqonde ukunyakaza kwe-fetus, sikhumbula izigaba eziphambili zokuphuhliswa komntwana esibelethweni, izazi zesayensi ezibizwa ngokuba yizigaba ze-embryogenesis.
Intshukumo yokuqala kwisibeleko iqala ukwenza ngokwaneleyo. Kodwa ukunyuka komntwana akuxilwanga kwaye akaqapheli, umntwana usencinane kakhulu ukuba ukubhukuda kwi-amniotic fluid, okungafanekanga kuthinte iindonga zesisu kunye nomama akanakuvakalelwa ezi zinto. Nangona kunjalo, ukusuka kwiveki ye-10 yokukhulelwa, emva kokukhubeka eludongeni lwesisu, umntwana usenokuba utshintshe ulwalathiso lwentshukumo, lo ngowokuqala ukuphendulwa kwemoto kwimingcipheko. Ukususela ngeveki ye-9, unokwazi ukugwinya i-amniotic fluid, kwaye le nkqubo iyinkqubo enzima. Ngokuphuhliswa kwezitho zengqondo kunye nokuphuculwa kwazo, umntwana uqala ukuphendula kwizandi ngeveki le-16 (ngokuqhelekileyo ngezwi lomama, ukutshintsha isigama sakhe.) Kwiiveki ezili-17 umntwana usenokuba sele ekhulile. Kwiiveki ezingama-18 uyagxotha aze aphephe iintambo zakhe kunye neminwe, achukumise aze achukumise intambo yesandla kunye nezandla zakhe, kwaye xa eva izandi, ezibuhlungu kunye ezingathandekiyo, ufihla ubuso bakhe. Ngexesha leeveki ezingama-20 ukuya ku-22 zomzimba umntwana uya rhoqo. Kwakuye ngeli thuba umama waqala ukuziva ukuhamba komntwana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ekukhuliseni amabhinqa, umntwana uhamba phambili ekukhulelwe ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, kodwa, ngokuqinisekileyo, kuwo onke amabhinqa akhulelweyo la magama anqine ngokuthe ngqo.
Yintoni umama abavakalelwa ngayo xa umntwana ehamba okokuqala? Wonke umntu uchaza le mvakalelo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Abanye bayayithelekisa ngokusasa iintlanzi, ukubetha iiblantshi, okanye nge-peristalsis yamathumbu. Kwabaninzi abafazi, ezi zihlandlo ebomini ngenye yezona zinto zinomdla kwaye zilinde ixesha elide, kuba ukususela ngaloo mzuzu umama uqala ukuva umntanakhe ngendlela entsha. Ekuqaleni, ukunyakaza okumanzi kwaye okungaqheleki komntwana kufutshane kulungelelaniswe kwaye kulungiswe. Ngoko i-fetus eneminyaka engama-5 ubudala ekhoyo yangoku kweyure enye ingenza ukuthuthumela kwe-20-60, ukukhaba nokujika. Ekubeni kwiiveki ezingama-24 zokukhulelwa umntwana oqhelekileyo uqhuba ukususela ngo-10 ukuya kwe-15 ukunyakaza ngeyure, ngexesha lokulala, uhlala ngezinye iiyure ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-3, akunakuhamba. Ukususela kwiiveki ezingama-24 ukuya kwe-32 zesigxina somsebenzi osisigxina somntwana ozayo. Ngethuba lomsebenzi wokuzalwa liyehla, kodwa amandla okunyuka kwama-fetal akhula. Ukususela kwiiveki ezingama-28 zokukhulelwa, kunokwenzeka ukulinganisa ukunyakaza komntwana ngokutsho kovavanyo lwePerarson. Yonke imihla, kwimephu ekhethekileyo, inani lezintlu ezenziwa ngumntwana oza kusasa. Qala ukubeka iliso kwinani lokuphazamiseka kwithuba ukususela ngo-9 ekuseni ukuya ku-9: 00. Ixesha leentshukumo ezili-10 libhalwa kwitafile. Inombolo yokuphazamiseka, ngaphantsi kwe-10, ingabonisa ukusilela kwe-oksijini yomntwana, apho kuyimfuneko ukubonisana nodokotela ngaphandle kokulibala.
Amaxesha omama kufuneka ahlale ephulaphule intshukumo yengane. Uphawu lwe-alamu kukuphela kokusebenza kwemoto ngeeyure eziyi-12 okanye ngaphezulu. Ngokuzimeleyo ukuze kusebenze ukunyakaza komntwana, ungenza ngokuzivocavoca umzimba (ngokukodwa okulungiselelwe abafazi abakhulelweyo), ukusela ubisi okanye ukutya into enhle. Ukuba umsebenzi womntwana uye wancipha ngokuphawulekayo okanye ngokuthe ngqo, umntwana usungula "ii-discos" zangempela kwisisu, umama omele ahlale edibana nogqirha wakhe. Ukuba kukho enye inkwenkwe ekhulayo kwisibeleko sikamama, kwaye amawele akhula, ukunyakaza kunzima kwaye kuvelelwe kuyo yonke indawo. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuziphatha okungapheli komntwana, unokuthetha ngendlala yomoya we-fetus. Kwimigangatho yokuqala ye-hypoxia, ukuziphatha okungazinziyo komntwana kubonakalisiwe, okuvezwa yinto eyenziwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwandiswa kwemoto. Kancinci, ukuba i-hypoxia iyaqhubeka, izinga lokunyakaza liyanciphisa okanye liyayeka. Iimbangela ze-hypoxia zingafani: ukungabi ncibilika kwesinyithi, ukungena kweentliziyo zomzimba kumfazi okhulelwe, ukungaqiniseki kwamaplazi, izifo zesisu. Ukuba umfazi ukhulelwe ngesolalo lwe-oksijini yindlala yesisu, umama unikezwe i-cardiotocography, inkqubo apho izicatshulwa zomzimba zengane engakazalwa zibhalwa ngokusebenzisa i-device ekhethekileyo. . Kwimizuzu engama-30-60, intliziyo yesisu ibhaliwe, kwaye ke iziphumo zivavanywa ngokusekelwe kulo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, intlawulo yenhliziyo iyahluka ukusuka kwi-120 ukuya kwi-160 ukubetha ngomzuzu. Ukwanda kwenani lentliziyo kwintsholongwane ye-170-190 yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye kuthathwa njengendlela yokusabela komntwana kwi-stimuli yangaphandle. Ukuba kukho ukuphambuka okuncinane kwidatha ye-KGT, abafazi abakhulelweyo bafumana unyango olujolise ekuphuculeni ukuhamba kwegazi, i-KGT idatha yonke imihla. Ukongezelela ukuhlola umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wokujikeleza kwegazi kwiinqanawa kuya kunceda i-doplerometry. Ukunyakaza kwe-Fetal ngumqondiso wempilweni yakhe kunye nohlobo lwesalathisi sokukhulelwa ngokuphumelelayo, ngoko ke xa kukho naluphi na ukusola "ukuhamba okungavamile", kuyimfuneko ukubonisana nengcali.
Ukunyuka kokuqala komntwana - oku akukona nje inkcazo yemeko yakhe kunye nophuhliso, yinto evelele ngokwenene ebomini babo bonke abanina. Kwaye ekugqibeleni ndifuna ukunqwenela bonke abafazi abakhulelweyo ukuba bahlale bephilile kwaye banolonwabo kwixesha eliqhelekileyo nelinomdla lobomi babo-ixesha lokukhulelwa.