Umntwana unomkhuhlane ophezulu - wenzeni?

Ukubanda kwezinga eliphezulu lomntwana yinkxalabo eqhelekileyo apho oomama beya kubantwana bezingane. Ukuba le meko ivela, ukwethuka kwenzeka rhoqo kwiintsapho, ngakumbi ukuba umntwana uncinci kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukwazi imigaqo yokunciphisa ubushushu kwaye ufunde ukuqonda xa kuncedo olungxamisekileyo unyango lwezonyango oluyimfuneko.

Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala zobomi, ukushisa komzimba osandul 'ukuzalwa kungaphakanyiswa kancinci (37.0-37.4 C kwi-armpit). Ngonyaka usetyenziswa kwimida yesigqeba: 36.0-37.0 degrees C (ngokuphindaphindiweyo ama-36.6 degrees C).

Ukushisa komzimba ophakamileyo (umkhuhlane) ukuphendula ngokubanzi komzimba ngokuphendula kwisifo okanye umonakalo. Kwimichiza yanamhlanje, umkhuhlane ngenxa yezifo ezithathelwanayo kunye nezizathu ezingezosuleleka ziyabonakala (inkxalabo yeentlobo zesifo senzwa, i-neuroses, izifo zengqondo, izifo ze-hormone, ukutshisa, ukulimala, izifo ezifo, njl njl).


Usulelo oluqhelekileyo ngumkhuhlane. Iqala ukuphendula kwisenzo se pyrogens (ukusuka kwi-Greek pyros - fire, pyretos - heat) - izinto ezandisa ubushushu bomzimba. I-Pyrogens yahlulwa ibe yinto engaphandle (yangaphandle) kwaye ingapheliyo (yangaphakathi). Iibhaktheriya, ukungena emzimbeni, ukunyuka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye kwindlela yokubaluleka kwabo, izinto ezinobuthi zikhutshwa. Ezinye zazo, eziyi-pyrogens zangaphandle (ezinikezelwa umzimba ngaphandle), ziyakwazi ukuphakamisa ubushushu bomzimba womntu. Iiprorogens zangaphakathi zenziwe ngokuthe ngqo ngomzimba womntu ngokwawo (i-leukocytes - iiseli zegazi, iiseli zesibindi) ekuphenduleni ukuqaliswa kwamagosa angaphandle (ibhaktheriya, njl.).

Kwingqondo, kunye namaziko omnxeba, ukuphefumula, njl. liziko le-thermoregulation, "i-tuned" kwiqondo lobushushu lwangaphakathi. Ngexesha lokugula, ngaphantsi kweempembelelo zephirogens zangaphakathi nangaphandle, i-thermoregulation "ishintshela" kwizinga elitsha lokushisa.

Ukushisa okuphezulu kwizifo ezithathelwanayo kuyindlela yokukhusela yomzimba. Ngokuchasene nale mvelaphi, i-interferons, i-antibodies ihlanganiswe, ukukwazi ukufumana i-leukocytes ukufumana kunye nokutshabalalisa iiseli zangaphandle kuvuselelwe, kwaye izakhiwo ezikhuselekileyo zesibindi ziyasebenza. Kwiintsholongwane ezininzi, ubushushu obuninzi bubekwe kwi-39.0-39.5 C. Ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu, ii-microorganisms zinciphisa izinga lokuvelisa, zilahlekelwa amandla okubangela izifo.


Ngendlela echanekileyo ukulinganisa ukushisa?


Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba umntwana unesisomometer sakhe. Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa ngalunye, musa ukulibala ukusula ngotywala okanye amanzi afudumele kunye nesepha.
Ukufumana ukuba zeziphi izibonakaliso eziqhelekileyo kwintsana yakho, fanisa izinga lokushisa xa ephilile kwaye ezolile. Kucebise ukulinganisa phantsi kwe-armpit kunye ne-rectum. Yenza oku kusasa, emini nasemini.

Ukuba umntwana uyagula, fanisa izinga lokushisa kathathu ngosuku: kusasa, ntambama nakusihlwa. Nsuku zonke malunga nexesha elifanayo kulo lonke ugula, kubaluleke kakhulu kubantwana abasengozini. Ukurekhoda iziphumo zokulinganisa. Kwidayari lokushisa ugqirha unokugweba inkqubo yesifo.
Musa ukulinganisa iqondo lokushisa ngaphantsi kweengubo (ukuba intsha iyakutywelwa, ubushushu bayo bunokunyuka kakhulu). Musa ukulinganisa iqondo lokushisa xa inkwenkwe isaba, ukukhala, ukunyamekela ngokukhulu, myekezele.


Ziziphi iindawo zomzimba onokukwazi ukulinganisa ukushisa?


Iqondo lokushisa linokulinganiswa kwi-armpit, kwi-fold guy and in rectum, kodwa kungekhona emlonyeni. Ukwahlula kukulinganiselwa kweqondo lokushisa usebenzisa i-thermometer yedum. Iqondo lokushisa lomzila (elilinganiselwa kwi-rectum) li malunga ne-0.5 degrees C ngaphezu komlomo (kulinganiswa emlonyeni) kunye neyidanga ngaphezulu kwe-axillary okanye inguinal. Ngomntwana ofanayo, olu hlobo lungaba lukhulu. Umzekelo: ukushisa okuqhelekileyo kwintambo ye-armpit okanye inguinal ingama-36.6 degrees C; ukushisa okuqhelekileyo emlonyeni ngu 37.1 degrees Celsius; ukushisa okuqhelekileyo kumlinganiselo we-rectum ngu-37.6 degrees C.

Iqondo lokushisa nje ngentla ngokuqhelekileyo eyamkelekileyo ingaba ngumntu ngamnye womntwana. Iidanga zasebusuku zivame ukuphakama kuneentsasa ngamashumi ambalwa. Iqondo lokushisa liyakhula ngenxa yokugqithisa, ukunyameka kwemizwa, ukunyuka komzimba.

Ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa kwi-rectum kulungele abantwana abancinci kuphela. Iminyaka emihlanu-enyangeni enesithandathu ikhumbuza inkunzi kwaye ayiyi kukuvumela ukuba uyenze. Ukongezelela, le ndlela ingaba mnandi kumntwana.

Ukulinganisela ukushisa kwamaritha, i-thermometer efanelekileyo ye-elektroniki, ekuvumela ukuba wenze ngokukhawuleza kakhulu: umphumo ungena kwimizuzu enye nje.

Ngoko, thabatha i-thermometer (i-mercury ngaphambi kokugubungela kumanqaku angaphantsi kwama-degrees angama-36), gcoba ithiphu layo kunye ne-cream cream. Beka umntwana ngasemva, pha kamisa imilenze (njengokungathi uhlamba), ngakwesinye isandla, ngenisa ngobumnene i-thermometer kwi-anus malunga ne-2 cm. Hlela i-thermometer phakathi kweminwe emibili (njengobhegi), uze ucindezele iminwe yomntwana ngeminwe.

Kwi-groin kunye ne-armpit, iqondo lokushisa lilinganiswa ne-glass ye mercury thermometer. Uya kufumana umphumo kwiimitha ezili-10.

Gxuma i-thermometer ibe ngaphantsi kwama-degrees angu-36.0 C. Yisa isikhumba emanzini njengokuba umswakama uhlahlela i-mercury. Ukulinganisa ubushushu kwi-groin, ubeke umntwana emgqonyeni. Ukuba wenza isilinganiselo phantsi kwe-armpit yakho, mbeke emadolweni okanye umthathe ezandleni zakho uze uhambe naye ecaleni kwigumbi. Beka i-thermometer ukwenzela ukuba isalathiso sigqitywe ngokupheleleyo kwesikhumba, ngoko ngesandla sakho, cindezela ukuphatha umntwana (umlenze) emzimbeni.


Yiyiphi izinga lokushisa kufuneka linciphise?


Ukuba umntwana wakho uyagula kwaye unesifo somkhuhlane, qiniseka ukuba ubize ugqirha ofumanisayo, ubeka unyango kwaye uchaze indlela yokuphumeza ngayo.

Ngokutsho kweengcebiso ze-World Health Organisation (WHO), abantwana abasempilo abasenakukunciphisa izinga lokushisa, elingagqibekanga kwi-39.0-39.5 degrees C.

Imbango yabantwana abasemngciphekweni ababefudula babanjwe kwi-fever, abantwana beenyanga ezimbini zokuqala zokuphila (kule minyaka, zonke izifo ziyingozi ekuphuhliseni kwabo ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuphazamiseka okubukhali kwimeko jikelele), abantwana abanezifo zengqondo, izifo ezingapheliyo kwenkqubo yokujikeleza, ukuphefumula , kunye nezifo ezixhamlayo. Ezi ntsana ezisele zisebushushu ezingama-37.1 degrees C kufuneka zikhawuleze zinike izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic.

Ukongezelela, ukuba umntwana unenkcenkceshe kakhulu nangona iqondo lokushisa lingadluli kuma-39.0 degrees C, kukho intlungu, ubuhlungu be-muscle, isikhumba esiluhlaza, kwaye izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic kufuneka zithathwe ngokukhawuleza.

Ukongezelela, ukuphelelwa ngumkhuhlane kuphelile kwaye kuphazamisa amandla omzimba kwaye kunokuba kunzima ukuguquka kwe-hyperthermia syndrome (okungafaniyo nomkhuhlane, apho kukho ukuphulwa kwemisebenzi yazo zonke iziko kunye neenkqubo-ukudibanisa, ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo, ukuphefumula kunye nokukhathazeka kwentliziyo, njl. Le meko idinga ukungenelela kwonyango oluphuthumayo.


Indlela yokunciphisa ukushisa?


1. Umntwana kufuneka agcinwe epholile. Ukufudumala umntwana ngeqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye noncedo lweengubo, iimpahla ezifudumeleyo, i-heater efakwe kwigumbi inobungozi. Ezi nyathelo zingakhokelela ekutshitshiseni kwamathambo ukuba izinga lokushisa liphakama kwizinga eliyingozi. Ukuqeqesha umntwana ogulayo ngokulula, ukwenzela ukuba ukushisa okugqithiseleyo kungaqhubekiyo kwaye kungagcinwa ukugcina igumbi lokushisa kuma-20-21 degrees C (ukuba kuyimfuneko, unokusebenzisa umbane okanye umqhubi ngaphandle kokuqondisa umoya kumntwana).

2. Njengoko ukulahlekelwa ngumnxeba ngesikhumba kunyuke kumaqondo aphezulu, kufuneka umntwana atywe kakhulu. Abantwana abakhulileyo kufuneka, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokwenzeka, banike iijusi zezityalo ezihlanjululwayo kunye neziqhamo zamanzi kunye namanzi. Iintsana kufuneka zisetyenziswe rhoqo kwisifuba okanye zinike amanzi. Khuthaza ukusela rhoqo (ukusuka kwipuniji), kodwa ungadlwenguli umntwana. Ukuba umntwana wenqaba ukuthatha utywala iiyure eziliqela ngosuku, xelela udokotela malunga nalo.

3. Ukucima. Isetyenziswe njenge-adjuvant ngokubambisana namanye amanyathelo okunciphisa ukushisa okanye ngokungabikho kweziyobisi zokulwa ne-antipyretic. Ukucinywa kwaboniswa kuphela kubantwana ababengenakho ukuxinwa, ngokubhekiselele kwimvelaphi yentsholongwane ekhulayo, okanye kungekho zifo zengqondo.

Ukuze usule, sebenzisa amanzi afudumele, ubushushu obusondele ekushiseni komzimba. Amanzi atshisayo okanye abandaleleyo okanye utywala (xa sele esetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa i-antipyretic) angabangela ukuba kubekho i-drop, kodwa ukunyuka kwamaqondo okushisa kwaye kubangele ukukhupha okuchaza ukuba umzimba "udidekile" okuyimfuneko ukuba unganciphisi, kodwa ukwandisa ukukhululwa kwentsha. Ukongezelela, ukuvelisa umphunga wotywala utshatyalazi. Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ashushu kuphakamisa ubushushu bomzimba kwaye, njengokumbumba, kunokubangela ukushisa kweshushu.

Ngaphambi kokuqala inkqubo, faka iingubo ezintathu kwisitya okanye isitya samanzi. Beka embhedeni okanye emadolweni ioliyile, phezu kwayo ithawula ye-terry, kunye nayo-umntwana. Ukukhupha umntwana uze uyimboze ngephepha okanye i-diaper. Finyanisa enye yeembambo ukuze amanzi angaboni kuwo, uyifake uze uyibeke ebunzini. Xa ukomayo idayeni, kufuneka kube semanzi kwakhona.

Thatha isambatho sesibini uze uqale ukususa ngenyameko isikhumba somntwana esivela kwipheripherty ukuya kwiziko. Nika ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kwiinyawo, imilenze, i-foldlite folds, i-foldups inguinal, i-brushes, i-elbows, i-underarms, intamo, ubuso. Igazi eliye lagcoba ebusweni besikhumba ngokukhawulelana nokukhanya, kuya kucola ngokukhuphuka kwamanzi ebusweni bomzimba. Qhubekisa ukumsula umntwana, ukuguqula iingubo njengoko kuyimfuneko ubuncinane kwiminithi emashumi amabini ukuya kumashumi amathathu (ukuya kwezantsi kweqondo lobushushu kuthatha ixesha elininzi). Ukuba ekwenzeni ukucima amanzi kwisitya sokuhlamba, faka amanzi amnandi kuwo.

4. Unokwenza umququzelele amanzi kumabhobho amancinci kwaye, ngokuwafaka nge-diaper, usetyenzise kwiindawo apho kukho iinqanawa ezinkulu: iindawo ezinobungozi, iindawo ezixhasayo.

5. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-antipyretics.

Iziyobisi ezikhethiweyo ngenxa yomkhuhlane kubantwana yi-PARACETAMOL kunye ne-IBUPROFEN (amagama oorhwebo wale myeza anokungafani kakhulu). I-IBUPROPHEN icetyiswa ukuba imiselwe kwiimeko xa i-paracetamol ingqiniswanga okanye ingasebenzi. Ukuhla kwexesha elide nangaphezulu kunokubakho kokushisa emva kokusetyenziswa kwe-IBUPROPHEN kwaqalwa ngaphezu kwe-PARACETAMOL.
I-AMIDOPYRIN, ANTIPIRIN, FENACETHINE ayibandakanyiwe kwiluhlu lwee-antipyretic agents ngenxa yobuthi babo.

I-Acetylsalicylic acid (ASPIRIN) ayinqatshelwe ukusetyenziswa kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-15 ubudala.

Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-METAMIZOL (ANALGINA) njenge-antipyretic ayikhuthazwa ngu-WHO, kuba Ucinezela i-hematopoiesis, inokubangela ukuphazamiseka komzimba (i-anaphylactic shock). Ukuphela kwexesha elide lokulahleka kwengqondo ngokunciphisa izinga lokushisa kuma-degrees 35.0-34.5 C. Ukulawulwa kweMetamizol (Analgina) kunokwenzeka kuphela kwiimeko zokungahambisani neziyobisi ezikhethiweyo okanye, ukuba kunyanzelekile, injini ye-intramuscular, enokuthi yenziwe kuphela ngugqirha.

Xa ukhetha uhlobo lonyango (iyeza zamanzi, isiraphu, iipilisi, ikhandlela), kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ukuba izilungiso kwisisombululo okanye isiraphu zisebenza emva kwemizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwe-30, kwiiblasi - emva kwemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwe -5, kodwa umphumo wayo ude. Amakhandlela angasetyenziselwa imeko apho umntwana ehlanza xa ethatha umbane okanye enqaba ukusela isela. Amakhandlela ayetyenziselwa kakuhle emva kokuchaswa komntwana, alawulwa ngokufanelekileyo ebusuku.

Amachiza ngendlela ye-syrups epholileyo okanye iipilisi ezinokutshatyalaliswa, ukunyamezela kungenzeka ngenxa yevumba kunye nezinye izithako. Izinto ezisebenzayo nazo zingabangela ukuba isisombululo siphumelele, ngokokuba ngobuchule bokuqala kufuneka uqikelele.

Ukuba unikezela ngamachiza umntwana, ngakumbi abo badibene nomyinge kumaxesha athile, kufuneka ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalelo ukuze ungadluli umthamo ophakanyisiweyo. Kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba ugqirha unokutshintsha umyinge wakho kumntwana.

Ukuba ukhethe ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango elifanayo (ikhandlela, i-syrups, iipilisi ezichitshiweyo), kufuneka uqokelele onke amanani afunyenwe ngumntwana ukwenzela ukuba ugweme ukudlula. Ukusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo kwesi sidakamizwa akunakwenzeka ngaphambi kweeyure ezingama-4 ukuya ku-5 emva kokungena kokuqala kwaye kuphela xa kuphakama izinga lokushisa kuya kumazinga aphezulu.

Ukusebenza kwe-febrifuge ngumntu ngamnye kwaye kuxhomekeke kumntwana othile.


Yintoni ongayenziyo ukuba umntwana unomkhuhlane




Kufuneka nini ukubiza ugqirha kwakhona kumntwana?



Kuzo zonke iimeko, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nogqirha wakho nakubusuku bobusuku okanye uye kwigumbi lexakeka.