Inkqubo yokukhula ngokuqhelekileyo
Kukho amaxesha amathathu okukhula komntwana: usebuntwaneni - obonakaliswe ukukhula okunamandla kakhulu, okuxhomekeke kwisondlo kunye nokulinganisela kwe-hormonal yomzimba womntwana;
- ebuntwaneni - ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-1 ngaphambi kobuntwaba. Eli lixesha elide kakhulu, ininzi inquma ukukhula kokugqibela komntu;
- ixesha lokusasaza - ukuxhoma ekukhuleni ngeli xesha ngenxa ye-action hormone yokukhula, kunye nokunyuka kwimveliso ye-hormones yesini (isrogen kumantombazana kunye ne testosterone kubafana).
Ukuyeka ukukhula
Ukukhula okugqibela umntu ayenayo kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bamathambo amade asele, ngokukodwa i-shin kunye nomlenze. Ekupheleni kwamathambo amade omzimba weengalo, kukho i-platetilaginous plate plate, ngenxa yokuphindaphinda kweeseli, ithambo lide. Emva kobuntwaba, i-platetitiginous plate ishintshwe ngamathambo, kwaye ukukhula okuqhubekayo akunakwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, amathambo abantu anakho ukulungiswa (ukubuyisela isakhiwo). Kungenxa yoko baxhamla kwiintlobo zokubuyiselwa kwefomu eqhelekileyo kunye namandla. Ngethuba lokusasaza, kukho ukwanda okwenyukayo ekukhuleni, kwaye kumantombazana kwenzeka ngaphambi kweevulana. Abanye abantwana baphakamileyo kakhulu okanye baphantsi kunontanga yabo. Nangona kunjalo, kuphela kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga oku ngenxa yesifo esithile. Inkqubo yokukhula nokuphuhliswa komntwana ihlolwe ngamaparitha amathathu ephambili-ubude kunye nobunzima bomzimba kunye nomjikelezo wentloko. Amanqaku entloko kwinqanaba lokubaluleka kubalulekile ekuhloleni ukukhula ngokomzimba nokukhula kwengqondo. Ukulinganisa okuchanekileyo kokukhula, izixhobo ezizodwa zisetyenzisiweyo. Kuze kube yiminyaka emibili ubude bomzimba womntwana bulinganiswa kwisithuba esiphambili kwiimitha ezizodwa zokukhula. Ukuba ukrokrela nayiphi na ingxaki yokukhula, ukulinganisa kwayo kudla ngokuqhelekileyo kunokuqhelekileyo.
Iitheyibhuli zokukhula
Iiparamitha zokukhula komntwana (ubude bomzimba, ubunzima bomzimba kunye nesithintelo sekhanda) zibhalwa kwiigrafu eziqhelekileyo zeetafile zokukhula. Bakubonisa ngokucacileyo inkqubo yokukhula ukusuka ekuzalweni ukuya kwiminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu. Isibonakaliso esibalulekileyo sokuphuhliswa kwenyama yonke, kunye nokukhula kwengqondo kusebuntwaneni kukunyuka kwinqanaba lentloko. Iigrafu kwizicatshulwa zokukhula ziphawulwe yizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yientente. I-50th centile ithetha ukuba i-50% yabantwana kubemi banokukhula okufanayo okanye ngaphantsi; I-75th centile ibonisa ukuba i-75% yabantwana ebantwini banokukhula okufanayo okanye kwezantsi. Izalathisi zokukhula ngokuqhelekileyo kwasebuntwaneni kunye nobuntwana ziyakwazi ukuhluka kakhulu. Xa ukukhula komntwana kungangeni phakathi kwemida phakathi kwee-97 ne-3 centiles (ezichaza isakhelo sokuphuhliswa okuqhelekileyo kwithuba elide), oku kubonisa ukuba kukho nayiphi na imeko yokugula eyenza ukukhula kakhulu okanye ukukhula okuphezulu. Ubude buyinto engavumelekanga yinkinga yezokwelapha, kwaye kaninzi ikwacingwa njengenzuzo. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abanokukhula ngokugqithiseleyo banokujamelana neengxaki zoluntu nezengqondo. Ukongezelela, ubude bungabandakanywa nesifo. Malunga nebudanga bathetha, xa ukukhula komntwana kudlula ngaphaya kwama-95. Ngamanye amazwi, abantwana abade babizwa ngokuba ngabantwana abangaphezu kwama-95% oontanga babo.
Iingxaki
Ubude buqhele ukuba yingxaki encinane kumntwana kunomlinganiselo omfutshane. Ukuphakama kwiintlobo ezininzi kuthetha ukufumana inzuzo yoluntu. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abade babonakala bekhulile kuneminyaka yabo, kwaye banokubethwa ngabaontanga. Ukuba intombazana, ukukhula okuphezulu ngokweqile kunokuba yingxaki yengqondo ngexesha lokufikisa.
Izizathu
Zizinto ezintathu ezibangeleyo zokuphakama:
- Hereditary
Ubude buxhomekeke kwiimeko ezininzi ekukhuleni nasekuhlaleni kwabazali.
- IHormonal
Ukuveliswa kwemveliso yehomoni kunye namahomoni okukhula angakhokelela ekude.
- Chromosomal Genetic
Enye yezinto eziqhelekileyo ze-chromosomal pathologies ezikhokelela ekude ubude yi-Kleinfelter syndrome (isigulane sinama-chromosomes amathathu wesini endaweni yesibini - i-XXY), eyenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwe-1 kuma-500 abesetyana. Ubude buyakwazi ukudibaniswa nokuqala komntwana.
Unyango
Ubude bodwa ngokwabo bungafuneki unyango. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba kuyadingeka ukuphelisa imbangela yayo, umzekelo isifo se-pituitary.
Amahomoni esondo
Ukungabikho kwesizathu esibalulekileyo sokuba nobude, unyango lubekwe kuphela kula maxesha apho kukho ukuthambekela okubonakalayo kwizinga eliphezulu lokukhula okuphezulu. Ukuthatha isigqibo malunga nokutyunjwa kwonyango akulula - ngokuqhelekileyo kwingxoxo yalo mcimbi kubandakanya umntwana ngokwakhe, abazali bakhe kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango. Indlela eqhelekileyo yokonyango kukuba kuqeshwe i-hormones yesini (testosterone ne-estrogen). Eli nyango alunqunyelwe ukuba amantombazana. Ukunyuka kwamazinga e-hormone yesini kukhula ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza ukuvalwa kwemimandla yokukhula yamathambo omzimba wamathambo amade. Le ndlela yokonyango ifana neenkqubo zendalo ezenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa, xa ukukhula kuqhubeka. Kwiimpawu ze-MRI zobuchopho, i-tumor ye-pituitary iboniswe (iboniswe ngongqangi). Kusenokuba isizathu sokukhula ngokugqithiseleyo kwesi sigulane. I-tumor iyaphazamisa umgaqo-nkqubo oqhelekileyo we-hormonal of process processes.
IGigantism
URobert Pershing Wadlow wayeyindoda ende kunazo zonke kwimbali yehlabathi. Ngexesha lokufa eneminyaka engama-22 ngo-1940, ukukhula kwakhe kwakungaphezu kwe-2.72 m. Ngeminyaka eyi-8 ubudala wayenokuphakama kwe-1.88 m, kwaye eneminyaka eyi-13 ubudala-2.24 m. Ukukhula ngokweqile kwale ndoda kwakungenxa yesifo - Kucingwa ukuba yi-pituitary gigantism. Esi sisimo esinqabileyo kakhulu, esibonakaliswe ubukho be-tumor tumori evelisa i-hormone yokukhula. Imveliso engaphezulu kwe-hormone yokukhula nayo ingabonwa kwiimvumi ze hypothalamus. Ukukhula okuphantsi kwabantwana kunokuba nezizathu ezahlukileyo. Ingakumbi umntwana ulahla emva kokukhula ukususela kwiminyaka yobudala, mhlawumbi kunokwenzeka ukuba intliziyo isifo esithile. I-low low ibhekwe njengokukhula, ama-indices angaphantsi kwe-3 centile. Oku kuthetha ukuba u-3% wabantwana kubemi banokukhula okufanayo okanye okuncinane kweli qela leminyaka.
Ukulinganiswa kokukhula
Isilinganiselo esisodwa sokwanda sikwanele ukuchonga encinci, nangona kunjalo, ukulinganisa okuphindaphindiweyo kubonisa ngokupheleleyo iipatheni zokukhula kwabantwana. Ngokomzekelo, unokwazi ukuba ngaba ixesha lokukhula ngokuqhelekileyo lilandele ukunqumla kwalo, okanye kwakusoloko luphantsi kwesiqhelo.
Ukulinganiswa kokuphakama nobukhulu
Ukungafani phakathi kokuphakama nobukhulu kunokubonisa isizathu sokungaqhelekanga. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntwana onamaqhina unesisindo esincinci, nokuba ubude obunjalo, umntu unokurhoxisa ukungabikho kokutya okanye isifo esingapheliyo. Abanye abantwana banokuba nobunzima bomzimba obukhulu ngokukhula okuncinci. Oku kungaba ngumphumo weengxaki ze-hormonal ezikhokelela ekukhawuleni ukukhula.
• Kubalulekile ukubeka iliso rhoqo ubunzima babantwana abanokukhubazeka okukhula. Isilinganisi esingalunganga sokuphakama kwisisindo somzimba singabonisa isizathu.
• Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, isiqingatha esifutshane sinokubangelwa zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, umzekelo u-achondroplasia-ukuphulwa kokukhula kwethambo lamathambo. Izitho zomntwana onjalo zifutshane xa zithelekiswa nesiqhelo. Kukho iinqununu ezibalulekileyo zezizathu:
- Hereditary
Abazali abaphantsi basoloko behlala benabantwana abaphantsi; Esi sizathu esiqhelekileyo.
- Ukukhawuleza kokukhula komgaqo-siseko
Umqathango apho ukuphuculwa kwexesha lokukhula kuluhlobo kwaye aluhambelani nasiphi na isifo.
- Ukungabikho kwesondlo kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo
Ngokungondleki (kunye nokutya okwaneleyo okanye okungavamile), abantwana bavame ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nobunzima bomzimba obuphantsi. Ukungabikho kwesondlo ngexesha lokubeleka kunye nobuntwaneni, kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo, ezifana nokugula kweengtso, kunokukhokelela.
- Ukungabikho komoya kunye nezizathu zengqondo. Abantwana abaye baxhatshazwa ngokwenyama okanye ngokweengqondo bahlala bephantsi.
- Izizathu zeHormonal
Ukukhula kuhambelana nokukhula kwehomoni, ihomoni ze-thyroid kunye ne-corticosteroids. Ukungabikho kwabo kubangela ukulibaziseka ekukhuleni.
- Chromosomal ezingavumelekanga
Ukukhula okuphantsi kuhamba kunye ne-syndromes ye-Down, i-Turner neSiliva-uRussell.
- Imilinganiselo yomzimba
Ngaphantsi kwezinto ezincinci ziqondwa njengokukhula okungaqhelekanga kunye nokuphulwa kwamanani omzimba, okuqhelekileyo, umzekelo, ngenxa ye-achondroplasia (i-dysplasia yokukhula kweplatti). Abantwana abane-achondroplasia baneengalo ezifutshane kunye nemilenze, kodwa ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo be-trunk nentloko. Ukuphakama komyinge womdala omdala nge-achondroplasia malunga ne-1.2 m.
Ngenye indlela ifom efutshane, zonke iinxalenye zomzimba zincinci. Kule meko, ukukhawuleza ukukhula kungabandakanywa ne-hormone deficiency. Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-stunting nokuchonga imbangela yayo, imilinganiselo rhoqo yokuphakama nobukhulu iyadingeka. Unceda ukuxilongwa kwenkcazo yexesha lesithambo ngokubhekiselele kwi-radiographic of the brush. Kwakhona kuvumela ukugqiba ukukhula kokugqibela kwesigulane ngesigxina esifutshane.
Ukuzimisela kwinqanaba lama-hormone
Ukumisela izinga lee-hormone kunokukunceda ekufumaneni ukuba iimeko zokugaya i-hormone isweleko. Amanqanaba ama-hormone alula ukucacisa, abanye - nzima kunzima. Umzekelo, umxholo we thyroxine egazini unokulinganiswa ngqo. Ukumisela ukukhula kwehomoni kuyinkqubo enzima kakhulu, kuba izinga layo lihluka ngoxhomekeke kwithuba lemihla, kwaye ngoko ke, uchungechunge lokuhlalutya luyimfuneko ukuchonga ukungakwazi. Izindlela zokuxilonga ezisebenzayo ziye zaphuhliswa, umzekelo, iisampuli ngokukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwe-hormone yokuvimba. Ezi vavanyo, kuquka ukuvuselela i-insulin, kufuneka zenziwe phantsi kolawulo logqirha, njengoko zithwala ingozi kumntwana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isiqingatha esifutshane asifunanga unyango, kuba ubuninzi beemeko kuba ngenxa yezizathu ezizuze ifa kwaye abanalo isifo. Ulwaphulo lubekwe ngokungafihli kakuhle kwe-hormone yokukhula. Ukungakwazi ukukhula kwehommone kuhlawulelwa ngokutyunjwa kwesilwanyana sokukhula komntu. Injected nsuku zonke. Ngethuba lonyaka wokuqala kunyango, ukwanda kokukhula kunokufikelela kwi-10 cm, kwaye ngamnye kunyaka olandelayo, u-5-7.5 cm.
Ukukhula kweHormone
Ngaphambili, i-hormone yokukhula yayingenziwa kuphela kwi-pituitary gland yomntu ofileyo. Njengamanje, ngoncedo lwe-biotechnology, ukuveliswa kwemveliso yamashishini kusekwe, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa izicubu zomntu. La machiza aphumelelanga nje kuphela kwi-hormone yokukhula. Ngokomzekelo, zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha isantya esifutshane kunye ne-chromosomal (i-Turner's syndrome), ukukhawuleza kokukhula kwe-intrauterine, kunye nokungaphumeleli kwindlala. Ukulungiselelwa kwe-hormone yokukhula kunenani elincinci lemiphumo. Nangona kunjalo, xa zisetyenzisiweyo, kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokuphuhlisa i-leukemia esikhathini esizayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokucacileyo, lo mngcipheko uhambelana nobukho kubantwana be-tumor yangaphambili.
Amanye amahomoni
Ukunyanga i-hypothyroidism, i-thyroxine inokulawulwa ngomlomo. Imveliso yale hormone ilula, kwaye iyancinci. Ukukhawulezisa ixabiso lokukhula, ukuqala kobuntwaba kunye nokwanda kwithuba lesithambo, abafana abanokuphulukiswa kokukhula komgaqo-siseko banganikwa i-testosterone ngesimo seenjini zangenyanga. Ulwaphulo olunjalo alisoloko lukhokelela ekunyuseni ekukhuleni kokugqibela, kodwa luvumela umntwana ukuba angene kwixesha lokusasaza kwaye ahambe ngokukhawuleza ukukhula ngexesha kunye neontanga.
- Ukungabikho kwe-hormone yokukhula kungenziwa ngokumisela iziyobisi zalo ngendlela ye-injection engaphantsi.
- IGigantism ayinqabile; Ngokuqhelekileyo imbangela yayo yile mveliso yokugqithisa kwe-hormone yokukhula nge-pituitary gland, kwimeko kaRobert Wadlow.