Ukutshaya kuyisenzo sokutshisa amaqabunga oomatshini obomileyo kunye nokunyusa umsi. Ngokwe-World Health Organisation, malunga nesithathu kwisigxina sobonke abantu beseplanethi bayabhema abantu. Ukongezelela oku, bonke abangabhemi bavezwa ngumsi wesibini osuka komsi okhutshwa ngumnye umntu. Kodwa abaninzi abantu basebenzisa iteksi ngendlela yoogwayi.
Uninzi lulimaza oku ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo: ezinye zizonwabisa, kanti abanye bacinga ukuba zibukeka zipholile. Njengomthetho, umntu uqala ukutshaya ngenxa yobushushu ngenxa yempembelelo yabanye abantu (amalungu omndeni okanye abahlobo). Nangona kunjalo, emva kwexesha, umdlalo ozithandayo uba ngumkhwa. Ngokuqaphela okanye engazi, abantu basebenzisa ukutshaya.
Imiphumo emibi ye-cigarettes
Ugwayi uqulethe iiphemikhali ezifana ne-nicotine kunye ne-cyanide, ekulula amanani ayingozi. I-Nicotine yi-alkaloid esetyenziswa kwamanye amayeza. Nangona wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ukutshaya kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu, abantu abanakukuyeka "ishishini elinobungozi" elibangelwa ukulutha, okufana ne-heroin nezinye iziyobisi. Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba i-nicotine inefuthe elinamandla kwimisebenzi yengqondo yomntu. Umzimba nengqondo isetyenziswe kuyo.
Ngenxa yokungenakwenzeka kwemiphumo emibi, oorhulumente bamazwe amaninzi sele beqalise iinkqubo zemfundo zokunqanda ukutshaya kwiindawo zoluntu. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba "inyoka yecuba" ivelisa imiphumo eyahlukeneyo emzimbeni womntu.
Isifo Sentliziyo kunye neStroke: Njalo xa umntu etshaya, intliziyo yakhe iyanda okwesikhashana ngenxa yomsi, oqulethe umxube we-carbon monoxide kunye ne-nicotine. Oku kubangela uxinzelelo lweemithana yegazi kunye nokuphakamisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ukubhema kubangela ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwamafutha kwiimpahla kwaye kubancinci, kubangele ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kunye nokushaya. Kukho neemeko zokukhubazeka kwezandla kunye neenyawo ngenxa yokunciphisa ukunikezelwa kwegazi kunye nokungabikho kwe-oksijini kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Phantse i-30% yabantu abafayo kwisifo senhliziyo kubangelwa ukutshaya.
I-Emphysema: Ukubhema ngenye yezimbangela eziphambili ze-emphysema. Ngamanye amagama, sisifo esingasigxina esibangelwa ngumonakalo kunye nokutshabalalisa iindonga ze-alveoli (iibhasi ezincinci zomoya) emiphakeni. Umsi wesigaretha ukwandisa ukuveliswa kwezinto ezinciphisa ukunyaniseka kwemiphunga, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ngokubanzi ukukwazi ukukhupha i-oksijeni nokukhupha i-carbon dioxide. Phantse i-80-90% yamatyala e-pulmonary emphysema kubangelwa ukutshaya. Izigulane ezine-emphysema ziphefumlelwe ukuphefumula.
Umhlaza: Ukubhema kunokubangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, kuquka imiphunga, umlomo, isisu kunye nomhlaza wesisu. Ngokubanzi, i-87% yeziganeko zesi sifo zivela ngenxa ye-resin Ngaloo xesha, izazinzulu zaseMelika zifumene ukuba abantu abavuthayo bafumana ithuba lokufumana umhlaza wemiphunga ngaphezu kwesinye isizukulwana esingaqhelekanga.
Ukuguquka kwegazi kunye nesilonda sezilonda. Kule meko, ukutshaya kuphazamisa yonke inkqubo yokugaya umzimba kwaye ikhokelela ekutheni ugubuke. Kwakhona kunciphisa i-sphincter esezantsi (NPS), kwaye ivumela ukuveliswa kweejusi zesisu esiswini kwi-esophagus, leyo yona leyo ibangela ukutshabalalisa. Ukubhema kwandisa ukwanda kosulelo lwe-mucosa esiswini kwaye kukhokelela ekusithekeni ngokugqithiseleyo kwe-acid esiswini. Ngoko ke, iziganeko zesilonda se-peptic, njengomthetho, ziyabonwa phakathi kwabokutshaya.
Ukutshaya. Ngokutsho kwezifundo zehlabathi, abafazi abaye babhekana nokutshaya ukutshaya ebuntwaneni okanye ebusheni banomngcipheko omkhulu wokubandezeleka. Iingcali ezininzi zibonisa ukuba banokuphulukana nokugqithiswa kunabanye oomama abangabonakali kwicuba.
Isishwankathelo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukutshaya kubangele zonke izitho zomntu kunye nokunciphisa umzimba womzimba. Umlutha ukhokelela ekugugeni kwesikhumba (ngenxa yokungabi nalutho lwe-oksijeni), ukudala umoya obi kunye nokuqhwala kwamazinyo. Abantu abavuthayo basondele kakhulu kwi-bronchitis, i-pneumonia nezinye izifo zokuphefumula. Amadoda, njengabasetyhini, abhekane neengxaki zokuzala ngenxa yokubhema, oku kunokukhokelela ekuphazamiseni ukukhula komntwana esibelethweni. Nangona kunjalo, masithathe amanyathelo ukuba sibonakale kwimizi embi kwaye siqale indlela yokuphila enempilo.