Ukuqiniseka kukuba ukungabikho kolwazi. Mhlawumbi yintoni eyenza oomama abaselula banenkxalabo malunga nophuhliso lomntwana. Ngenxa yokuba ulwazi abanalo namhlanje ulwandle! Masizame ukuba nethemba emva kwayo yonke into kwaye siqonde ukuba yintoni ulwazi malunga nokuphuhliswa kwentetho yabantwana abaselula kuthi sizama ukubonisa njengenyaniso kwisigqibo sokugqibela, kwaye siyiluncedo kwaye iyinyaniso. Kuyamangalisa ukuba ezinye zeengcamango ezingalunganga! Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwimibono ebonakalayo ebantwini esiya kuqhathaniswa nolwazi lwezesayensi, kwaye iyacaca ukuba le ngongoma okanye inyaniso malunga nophuhliso kunye nokwakhiwa kwentetho kwintsana.
Inombolo yombono 1
Ingozi yokuzalwa iholela ekuphazamiseni ekuphuhliseni nasekubunzeni intetho kwintsana.
Ukucacisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuphuhliswa nokubunjwa kwentetho kwintsana ayikwazi. Kungenzeka ukuba ukunyamezeleka kokuzalwa akuthinteli ukuphuhliswa kwentsana, kuya kwenzeka kaninzi.
Ukuhlawulisa intlungu yokubeleka kuya kunceda ngokukodwa iinkqubo zokuphuhlisa intetho (ukususela kwiminyaka emi-2), iinkqubo zokuqinisa, kunye nakwezinye iimeko-unyango lweziyobisi. Kwaye emva kwesikolo esikolweni akuyi kubakho ukubonakaliswa kokuxhatshazwa kokuzalwa.
Inombolo yeBhunga 2
Amakhwenkwe aqala ukuthetha kamva kunamantombazana.
Oku "ukungabi nabulungisa" kuhambelana nezinye iinkalo zokuphuhliswa kunye nokwakhiwa kwentetho kwintsana kunye nenkqubo ephakathi, ebeka kuyo. , imfuneko yokusabela ngokukhawuleza ngokuthetha ngomntwana, ukuthetha naye, ukuphendula imibuzo yakhe engapheliyo. Oku akuthethi ukuba abafana balele emva koontanga lwabo ekuphuhliseni intetho.
"Kamva" akuthethi ukuba "akakho" okanye "kubi." Kodwa ukuqonda malunga nale mpawu kuyayifaneleka, ingakumbi kuba ngaphezu kwengxenye yazo zonke izifo zokuxilonga kwi-logopedic zifana namakhwenkwe. Ukuba inkwenkwe eneminyaka emi-2 ingenayo yonke into ngokucwangciswa kwentetho, kufuneka uqale rhoqo ukubandakanyeka kakade kumncinci omncinci ukukhusela ukukhawuleza ukuthetha ngokuthe xaxa. Inkqubo yeentlanzi zabathatyathwa kakhulu, oku kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo, ngoko ukuphuhliswa nokubunjwa kwentetho kwintsana inokuhlala ixesha elide.
INgxelo No. 3
I-Onomatopoeia kunye nokubethelela amagama apheleleyo.
Ngonyango lwentetho, igama liyimpawu ephilileyo echanekileyo kwizinto ezithile, umntu, okanye into ethile. Umzekelo, isilagiya "mo" yomntwana oneminyaka elilodwa inokuthi "imanzi" okanye "ubisi." Ukuba isetyenziswe kuphela kule ngqiqo, eli lizwi langempela. "Amagama alhafu" afana "apho", "quack", "bang" , "Bobo" - amagama okuqala kunye abalulekileyo ebomini beemvuthu, baqala ukuthetha.
INgxelo No. 4
Kwimihla nganye, iintsana kufuneka zithethe inani elichanekileyo lamagama. Indoda ayikho ikhompyutha. Akukho migaqo eqinile kwinani lamagama kuyo nayiphina ixesha lokuphuhliswa kwayo, njengokuba akunakwenzeka ukulindela, ngokuchaneka kweveki, xa umntwana eqala ukuhamba okanye ukuqokelela ipiramidi. Umntwana - owokuqala kuwo wonke umntu, kuyimfuneko ukuhlonela iimpawu zokuphuhlisa umntwana othile. Ngonyango lwamazwi kukho kuphela inani elilingana lamagama - ubuncinci obunokuthi umama unakho. Ngoko, amagama okuqala awakwaziyo angabonakali kude kube ngumnyaka o-1, kwaye ukususela kwi-1 kunyaka ukuya ku-1 nyanga inyanga ezi-4 kwanele ukuba inkwenkwe isetyenziswe ngamazwi 3-4 entetho. Oomama abaninzi, emva kokuba beva malunga nebhayibhile ebhaliweyo ngamanani amagama (10-20 ngonyaka oneminyaka eli-1 ubudala), bayethusa, bengacingi ukuba igama liyi-bble ehambelana nesihloko okanye into. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, le ndlela ilula, ekubeni kuhlolisiswa intetho yeemvuthu, kuyimfuneko ukuthobela ingqiqo yokuqonda intetho engenakucatshulwa, kunye nesimo sengqondo kunye nesifiso somntwana, kunye nenxaxheba yokuthetha engabonakaliswa ngokungabikho kokumisa, ukubeka indawo, ukuvakalisa amagama. kunye nokwakhiwa kwentetho kwintsana kunokwenzeka kuphela ngenani lamagama ayichazayo, akunakwenzeka.
Umbono ongu-5
Enye inkwenkwana (intombazana) yayicacile de ibe yiminyaka eyi-3 ubudala, kwaye ke waqala ukuthetha ngamazwi onke. Ubani nawaphi na owokuqala owawuqulunqa, asiyazi, kodwa umonakalo kule mpazamo mkhulu. Oomama abaninzi, beqaphela ukuba ngentetho yentsana ayilungile, udonsa ngokutyelela kwiingcali ngonyaka emva konyaka, obangela ukuphuhliswa kwengane engonakaliyo. Kukho imithetho ethile yokuphuhliswa, kubandakanywa intetho, ekuthiwa ngeminyaka eyi-2 ibinzana kufuneka lenziwe kumntwana (oko kukuthi, izivakalisi zamagama amabini, nokuba ngaba zibetha). Ukuba oku akuzange kwenzeke kwaye kwiminyaka engama-2.5, ixesha lokulila i-alamu uze uye kumbonisi weengcali.
Akungabazeki ukuba umntwana onokulibaziseka kakhulu ekutheni (kwaye, ngoko ke, ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo) ngokukhawuleza waqala ukubambisana noontanga bakhe bengenawo uncedo olukhethekileyo. Ukwenza oku, umntwana akanakho izibonelelo, kunye ne "amava" okubambezeleka kokuthetha sele ekhulu.Ukungaxhamli kwezibonelelo kubonisa ukuba uphuhliso luphule inkambo yalo kungekhona ngengozi, kodwa ngaphantsi kweempembelelo ezinobangela obunzima: umzekelo, ukukhathazeka ngokubeleka, izifo kunyaka wokuqala wobomi, njl njl.
Cinga ukuba umntwana onjalo unamandla okuhlawula imali, kwaye unqobile le ngxaki: waqala ukuhlala, ukuhamba, nokuba nomdla kwabanye ngexesha. Kodwa ke, nangona kunjalo, intetho yakhe ikhula ngenye indlela, kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba kwakukho ukuhamba, ukubetha, kunye namazwi okuqala. Ngaloo nto i-crumb ayitsho ukuthi "wayethulisa" kude kube ngu-3. Ukuba umntwana akanako ukushicilela okanye mhlawumbi akenzi ukuthetha izandi, akazami ukubethekisa, akanalo i-onomatopoeias, ngoko mhlawumbi ubhekisela kulolu hlobo abantwana abangevayo, okanye kubantwana abaneentlobo ezinqabileyo zokukhulisa intetho yengqondo yengqondo (i-autism, i-oligophrenia, njl.) Kucacile ukuba akayi kukwazi ukuthetha oluncinci yena ngokwakhe.Intana iya kuba luncedo ekutyelele umphathiswa wengxoxo kwiminyaka emi-2, ibe ngomnye umnyaka. Ukuba ukulibaziseka ekuphuhliseni nasekubunzeni intetho kwintsana kufunyanwa, ngoko ke T yena elide ukuqalisa iiklasi ezizodwa, le olusebenzayo kokukhona baya kuba.
Inombolo yesibalo 6
Ukuba uthetha kakhulu ngolutsha, unokwenza umonakalo omkhulu. Ekuqalekeni, le ngqungquthela iyahambelana nombono oqhelekileyo wokuba abantwana bafuna ukuthetha rhoqo nangokuphindaphindiweyo. Ndiyabulela kwintsimi yentetho yesityebi, uphuhliso lungcono. Nangona kunjalo, konke kulungile ekumodareyithweni. Kwenzeka ukuba unina "usebenza" kwimodi yomsakazo - oko kukuthi, akayeki ukuthetha ngomzuzu, udinwa ngumlambo weentetho ngokwakhe, kodwa into eyona nto kukuba yonakalisa umntwana. apho sithetha nabo, banika izikhombisi-ndlela, bafundise into ethile.Ukuba ukuhamba kwemibinzana engapheliyo, umntwana usetyenziselwa kwiskrini somsindo kwaye "uguqulwe".
Ngokuqhelekileyo umntu uva izikhalazo ezixinezelekileyo kumama kunye nogogo (abagadi, njengomthetho, bathetha kangangoko kunye nabantwana kunye nexesha eliqhelekileyo kwishishini): "Akabonakali ukuva oko bathetha kuye." Ingane iphulaphule, kodwa "ayiyiva" Ukuze kuthintele oku kungenzeki, kuyimfuneko ukunika umntwana ukuba ahlale ethule, ukuba asebenze ngemicimbi yakhe, ukuba afunde enye okanye esinye isakhono ngokwabo. Enyanisweni, njengomgaqo, inkulumo engeyiyo yokuma komama onakekelayo ihamba kunye nomboniso wokuphucula imidlalo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi ihambe enye emva komnye. Utitshala uSN Nikitin wabiza aba bana "baququzelele", oko kukuthi, ukugcinwa kobuthathaka kunye nemiyalelo yabantu abadala. Ngokuthula, kulula ukuba umntu aqokelele iingcamango zakhe, aziphulaphule yena, kwiminqweno yakhe, iimvakalelo zakhe.
Ku luncedo ukulungiselela ukuphuhliswa nokubunjwa kwentetho kwintsana, "umzuzu wokuthulisa" kwindalo ("Makhe silumke, uve ntoni?"). Kwaye ngexesha leeklasi zophuhliso, yithetha kuphela okuyimfuneko: "Makhe ndikubonise, kwaye uya kuzama." Kungcono ukubonisa ngaphezulu kwaye unike umntwana ukuba enze isilingo kunye nephutha.
Inombolo yesigqibo 7
I-hyoid frenum ehamba phambili ingakhokelela ekuphazanyisweni komgangatho ozwakalayo.
Olu lugxininiso oluphantsi kolwimi lubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni nasekubunzeni intetho kwintsana. Ngoncedo lwayo, sinokumemezela okuthiwa "phezulu" izandi - "w", "x", "p", "l", ekulimeni kolwimi oluphakama kwintlungu enzima okanye kwisiseko sezinyo eziphezulu. Ingane ayinakukwazi ukuphakamisa ulwimi, iphose umlomo ophezulu, kwaye kwimeko enzima kwaye ikhuphe ngaphandle ulwimi ukusuka emlonyeni.Ukuba umkhwa utyunyiwe, iyancipha kwaye iyakwazi ukuthetha izandi eziphezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwa kwi-1-2 kwiinyanga okanye emva kweminyaka emi-5 , xa kubangelwa isandi sezandi eziphazamisayo kumntwana.
Kwiimeko ezibuhlungu, umkhwa ungatyulwa usebenzisa i-logopedic yokuzivocavoca kunye nokusila.
Umbono №8
Ukugqithisa intetho yomntwana kubangela ukubetha.
Ukuqhaqhaqhaqha kunye nokuqhaqha - ukuphulwa komlomo okwehlukile, nangona imbonakalo ifana kakhulu. Izizathu zokungazinzi ziimeko ezingenasimo sengqondo yengane, iingxaki zengqondo, ukuxhatshazwa, uxinzelelo. Basenokucatshulwa ngokukhawuleza kwintetho yokuphuhliswa kwentetho, xa amathuba okuthetha angagcinanga neengcamango zemvumba. Akukho nto ininzi yabantwana abaqala ukugcoba kwiminyaka engama-2-3 ubudala, ngexesha lobunjwa bokuthetha. Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaba kunesimo esahlukileyo - i-neurological, kwaye ukubetha kwimeko, njengomthetho, kunomdaka odibeneyo (kukho izibilini kwiisistim zezixhobo ezixubileyo). Ukulungiswa kokubetha nokugquma kuyahluke ngokupheleleyo. Uphuhliso kunye nokwakhiwa kwentetho ebantwini badlala indima ebalulekileyo kunye ebalulekileyo kwixesha elizayo leengqondo. Ukuba kunconywa ukudala indawo yokuzola xa ukhubeka, ukuqeqeshwa ngengcali yeengqondo, i-psychotherapist kunye nodokotela weengxoxo, xa ugxotha indima ebalulekileyo idlalwe ngokutyunjwa kwe-neurologist, iiseshoni kunye neengcali zeengcali ze-psychologist-zaikologist ziboniswa. Kodwa ukuba awuyikukhawula isikhubekiso kwiintlanzi zentetho ixesha elide, ngoko ziyakwazi ukukhula zibe yintlambo, echanekileyo kunzima ngakumbi kwaye ide.
Ukujongana neengcamango malunga nokuphuhliswa kwentetho yabantwana, kuya kuba lula ukuba uhlale uxolo kwiofisi yegqirha, ekuxoxeni nomakhulu owaziyo kunye nomhlobo ofuna "ukunceda."