Iivithamini zeqela d ziquka ngokwenene iindidi ezininzi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-vitamin d 1 (calcifololol), d 2 (ergocalciferol), d 3 (cholecalciferol). I-Vitamin d yafunyanwa kwioli yeentlanzi, kodwa ngokwenene umzimba womntu unokuyivelisa ngokwayo phantsi kwefuthe lokukhanya kwelanga. Ngaloo ndlela, iivithamini d 1 ne-d 2 ziveliswa yizityalo ngaphantsi kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet, kwaye i-vitamin d 3 yenziwa elukhumbeni lwabantu nezilwanyana. Le vithamini yinkompo ye-fat-soluble. Ngokubaluleka kwe-vitamin D emzimbeni womntu, kwaye kuya kuxutyushwa ngezantsi.
Indima ye-vitamin d
I-vitamin d, njengamanye amavithamini, ibaluleke kakhulu. Ivuselela ukuxutywa kwe-calcium kunye ne-phosphorus, kwaye ikhusela ukugqithisa ngokweqile kwezi zinto kumchamo. Nguwuphi umsebenzi we-calcium? Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwisakhiwo sokwakha samathambo namazinyo, anokuqulethe i-calcium kwiifom ezimbini. Umzimba kufuneka udle i-calcium rhoqo, kwaye kukho ezinye iimfuno kuwo, ngokubhekiselele kwiivithamini kunye nokulandelela izinto. Kodwa i-calcium ihlanjwe imihla ngemihla emzimbeni womntu, ngoko xa uvakalelwa kukuba unalo ngokwaneleyo yale nto - qala ukuthatha i-vitamin d. Yena kunye ne-calcium yinxalenye yokutshintshiselwa kwenkqubo yeethambo. Kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu - ayivumeli i-calcium ukuba ishiye umzimba wethu. Ngoko ukungabikho kwalesi siqalo kubuthakatha amathambo ethu - baba yinyameko, banamathele ukuphazamiseka nokutshatyalaliswa. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukubonelela umzimba ngomlinganiselo okwaneleyo we-calcium kunye ne-vitamin d. Nangona i-vitamin D ivumela i-calcium ukuba ifakwe kakuhle kumathumbu amancinci. Inendima yale nqaku ibaluleke kakhulu, ngakumbi ekubunjweni kweethambo zamathambo kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo, xa amathambo ekhula kwaye enamandla. Okubaluleke kakhulu i-vitamin D yabasetyhini emva kokumisa umva kwaye ngeli xesha leengozi ezinkulu ze-osteoporosis.
Ngokufanayo, ubukho be-phosphorus, obufumaneka kuzo zonke iiseli eziphilayo kunye nokutya, kubalulekile. Kubandakanyeka ekuqhubeni izibilini zesibindi, isakhiwo sakhiwo seembrane zeseli, izicubu ezithambileyo ezifana nezintso, intliziyo, ubuchopho, imisipha. Uthatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezininzi zeendlela kunye nokunyuswa kwamakhemikhali, kwaye iphinda ikhuthaze ukutsalwa kwe-niacin. I-Phosphorus inxalenye yekhowudi yofuzo kwaye ikhuthaza ukukhululwa kwamandla kwiiprotheni, i-carbohydrate kunye namafutha. Ngokuqinisekileyo ichaphazela intliziyo, iintso, kunye namathambo kunye neentlobo. Ngenxa yobungqina beli qumrhu emzimbeni, i-pH igcinwe kakuhle, iyanxibelelana ne-vitamin B, ikhuthaza ukutyunjwa kwe-glucose. Oku kuyimfuneko ngexesha lokukhula nokubuyiselwa kwezicubu ezonakalisiweyo, ukuxhasa inkxaso nokunciphisa intlungu kwi-arthritis. Ekubeni i-vitamin D ivumela i-phosphorus ne-calcium ukuba ifakwe ngumzimba kwaye igcinwe kuyo-inika inani elifanelekileyo lala mayeza.
Le vithamini inegalelo nje kuphela ekubunzeni kakuhle amathambo kubantwana nakubantu abadala, kodwa nakwiindawo zabo zokuxininisa, kunye namazwe amazinyo. Ukuba khona kwale vithamini emzimbeni womntu kuya kunceda kwinkqubo yesantya, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ngexesha leemisipha. Kwakhona kuluncedo entliziyweni, njengoko inani elaneleyo le-calcium linceda ekusebenzeni kakuhle kweentsholongwane zentliziyo.
I-Vitamin D ichaphazela nezinye izicubu: inqanda kwaye isuse ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba, ilawula ukukhutshwa kwe-insulin kwaye ichaphazela inqanaba elifanelekileyo leswekile emzimbeni. Kwakhona kunomphumo onenzuzo ekuvezeni, njengoko kumiselwe umphumo omhle ekusebenzeni indlebe yangaphakathi. Ngaphandle kwe-calcium eyaneleyo, ekhuthaza ukufunyanwa kwe-vitamin D, iba yinyameko kwaye ilula. Oku kukuthintela ukuhanjiswa kweempawu kumathambo kwaye kuthwale olu lwazi kwingqondo. Kwakhona kuthintela iiseli zomnatha weethambo ezivelisa i-monocytes - iiseli ezikhuselekileyo. Ubukho beli vhamini buchaphazeleka ngamaseli e-parathyroid, ii-ovaries, ezinye iiseli zengqondo, isisu kunye neeseli zebele.
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukubaluleka kwe-vitamin D ekukhuseleni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, njengomhlaza wekoloni, umdlavuza webele, umhlaza wesifo seprotate, i-lymphoma engeyona i-Hodgkin. Ngaphandle kwevithamini enikeziweyo, akukho nkunkuma yeli-anti-cancer today.
Imiphumo ye-vitamin D
Ukungabikho kwe-vitamin D kubangela iziphazamiso ezininzi ekuphuhliseni nasekusebenzeni komzimba. Okokuqala, ukungabikho kwe-vitamin D yimbangela yezibonda kubantwana, abaselula kunye nabantu abadala. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwayo, isifo siphula, apho kukho ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwe-phosphorus kunye ne-calcium, amathambo aphikisiwe kwaye athathaka ngobunzima bomzimba womntwana okhula ngokukhawuleza. Amathambo esikristali akhulisiwe, isifuba siqala ukufana ne-hump, ngakumbi kubantwana ekupheleni kokukhula kwamazinyo. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yokusilela kwe-vitamin D, abantwana banakho amathuba okuba bangasebenzi. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntwana ahlale eqhagamshelana nelanga xa kwenzeka ukungabikho kwalesi vithamini kwisondlo kunye nokungafumaneki kwamkeleko enzima ngendlela yokulungiselela. Abo bantu abadala abangenakufikelela elangeni okanye ukutya okunothile kwi-vitamin D banokuphucula amathambo abizwa ngokuthi i-osteomalacia, ekhokelela ekufakeni iziqhekeza kunye nokuvumba.
Ukungabikho kwe-vitamin D kubantu abadala kunceda ekuphuhliseni i-osteoporosis. Kubandakanyeka ukuhla kobunzima kunye nokuxinwa kweethambo zethambo, ezikhokelela ekutshatyalaliswa kwezixhobo zokusebenza ngenxa yokulahleka kwe-calcium evela emzimbeni. Amagqabi ayaba nexhala, aphephe kwaye aphephe. Izigulane (ikakhulukazi abasetyhini) zihlushwa ngumntu okhubazekile.
I-vitamin D encinci ingabangela i-conjunctivitis kunye ne-dermatitis. Ukunciphisa umzimba, kubangelwa, ngokukodwa, ukungabikho kwe-vitamin d (kunye ne-vitamin c) kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukunyamekela kubanda. Isiphumo se-vitamin D ukusilela kubuye kube nzima ukuva.
Ngaphandle kwe-vitamin D, umsebenzi wesistim neentsikelelo uyaphazamiseka ngoba ilawula izinga elifanelekileyo le-calcium egazini. Ingozi eyongezelelekileyo yomhlaza ingabangelwa ukungabikho kwe vithamini D. Ubuthakathaka bamazinyo bubangelwa ukungabikho kwe-calcium kunye ne-phosphorus, edibene ne-vitamin D.
Into eyingozi kukuba ngaphezu kwe-vitamin d
Kubalulekile ukugcina engqondweni ukuba impilo yevithamini D eninzi inetyhefu! Ukuba uthatha amaxesha amane ngaphezu kokucetyiswayo - ungengozini yokufa.
Isiphumo sokugqitha kwe-vithamini isifo sohudo, ukukhathala, ukwanda kwamanzi, intlungu emehlweni, ukubetheka, ukuphathwa kwentloko, isicathulo, i-anorexia kunye ne-calcium engaphezulu, egcinwe ezintsheni, emithambo, intliziyo, indlebe kunye nemiphunga. Kukho utshintsho olungathandekiyo kwezi ziko kunye nokulibaziseka ekuphuhliseni (ingozi kubantwana). Kubantu abadala, kwandisa umngcipheko we-stroke, i-atherosclerosis kunye namatye entso.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukutyhila ilanga ixesha elide akubanga i-hypervitaminosis. I-Vitamin d kule meko ayifuni kwiifom, njengokuba ithathwe kwindlela yamacwecwe. Umzimba ngokwawo ulawula umgangatho walo ngenxa yokubonakaliswa kwelanga.
Imithombo ye vithamini d
Umthombo omuhle kakhulu we-vitamin D yioli yeentlanzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuhlanganiswa kumafutha atholakala kwiintlanzi ezifana ne-salum, i-tuna, i-herring, i-mackerel kunye ne-sardines. Le vithamini inokufumaneka kwi-ubisi (mhlawumbi iyongezwa ngeevithamini), kunye nesibindi, iiprotheyini zeqanda kunye nemveliso yobisi ezifana noshizi, ibhotela kunye ne-cream. Kakade ke, amanani ayo axhomekeke kwindlela le mveliso elungiselelwe ngayo (okanye ikhulile), kwiimeko zokugcinwa kwayo, iimeko zokuthutha, nokuba nokuba, ngokomzekelo, iinkomo zinokufikelela ngokufanelekileyo elangeni.
Nangona kunjalo, njengoko sele sichazwe ngaphambili, i-vitamin D yenye yeevithamini ezimbalwa esingazifumanayo ekudleni. Umzimba ngokwawo unokuvelisa i-vitamin D ekukhanyeni kwelanga, ekwazi ukufikelela kwesikhumba. Izazi zenzululwazi zithi imizuzu elishumi yokushisa ilanga ngemini kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni inika umthamo ofunekayo wale vithamini kuwo wonke unyaka. Nangona kunjalo, iimfuno zomntu ngamnye kufuneka ziqwalaselwe, umzekelo, ukuba abantwana badinga iivithamini ezingaphezulu kunabantu abadala. Kwaye-nokuba kunye nobudala bomzimba ukuvelisa le vithamini phantsi kweempembelelo zemisebe ye-ultraviolet iyancipha. Ukongeza, abantu kwiimeko ezingcolileyo abanako ukufumana ngokwaneleyo i-vitamin D emzimbeni. Ngokufanayo, abo banombala wesikhumba omnyama kufuneka bafumane i-vitamin D ngaphezulu, njengoko isikhumba sabo sibonisa imisebe yelanga.
Ulwazi jikelele
Igama le vithamini | Vitamin d |
Igama leKhemikhali | i calcifolol, i-ergocalciferol, i-cholecalciferol |
Indima yomzimba | - Unika ukutyalwa kwe-calcium kunye ne-phosphorus |
Imiphumo ye-vitamin D yokunqongophala (ukungabikho kwe-vitamin) | i-osteomalacia kunye ne-osteoporosis kubantu abadala, i-fractures, i-scoliosis kunye nokuchithwa kwezixhobo zokusebenza, ukuphazamiseka komgudu, ukungasebenzi kwemisipha kunye neengxaki ze-muscle, i-conjunctivitis, ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba, ukunyanzakala komzimba kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhathisa, ukungonakali kokuva kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamazinyo, okwandisa umngcipheko weeseli zesisu |
Imiphumo ye-vitamin d (hypervitaminosis) | i-calcium engaphezu komzimba, isifo sohudo, ukukhathala, ukwanda kwamanzi, iintlungu zesohlo, ukubetheka, iintloko, isisonguluko, i-anorexia, umsebenzi onokukhubazeka, imiraro, intliziyo, imiphunga, izindlebe, utshintsho olubi kulezi zitho, ukulibaziseka ekuphuhliseni abantwana, kubangela umngcipheko i-myocardial infarction, i-atherosclerosis, iigciwane zamathambo |
Imithombo yolwazi | ii-fish, i-tuna, i-herring, i-mackerel, i-sardines), isibindi, amaqanda, ubisi kunye nemveliso yobisi: ushizi, ibhotela, i-cream |
Uyazi ...
Xa udla ukutya nge-vitamin D, faka amanqatha amancinci, kuba ngale ndlela uzakukhuthaza ukuxutywa kwale vithamini. I-synthesis of vitamin d yenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuqinisa i-pantothenic acid okanye i-vitamin B3. I-Vitamin D ichaphazela ubukho be-zinc emzimbeni, oluyiluncedo kwiintsholongwane zezigulana ezenza i-dialysis.
Ngokubaluleka kwe-vitamin d, umzimba womntu usixelela imihla ngemihla. Ukuhlala kwimimandla yasezidolophini kunye namazinga aphezulu okungcola kusenza sifeze i-vitamin d ngaphezulu. Abantu abasebenza ebusuku, kunye nalabo abaphelelanga ukuhlala elangeni, kufuneka banyuse i-vitamin d. Abantwana abangaphuzi ubisi kufuneka badle i-vitamin d ngaphezu kweefomethe.
Abantu abathatha i-anticonbulsants banesidingo sokwanda kwe-vitamin d. Abantu abanekhanda elimnyama nalabo abahlala kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, ngokukodwa badinga i-vitamin D - ngaphezulu kwabanye.