Apho ukhangele khona
Kukho iinkqubo ezimbini ezifanayo kumzimba womntu: igazi kunye neenkqubo ze-lymphatic. Ukuba igazi lijongana nokutya, i-lymph yinto yokuhlanjululwa. Olu lwakhiwo olubonakalayo (esikubiza ngokuba yi-sap) aluphelelanga kwaye lususa emzimbeni konke okuyingozi kunye nokonakalisa, kwanokuba kusetyenziswa iiseli. Emzimbeni wethu uqulethe ukusuka kwiyure enye ukuya kweyilitha zombesi. I-lymphatic system iquka izitya ze-lymphatic kunye nezitho ze-lymphoid, ezifana ne-lymph nodes, i-spleen ne-thymus. Iziza zenyama ye-lymphoid, umzekelo, kwiitoni, kwisisu, intlungu encinci nesikhumba. I-lymph nodes (i-lymph nodes) ziyizithuba zogada zenkqubo ye-lymphatic, ekhonza njenge-filter filter. Ngokomzekelo, i-lymph nodes entanyeni ikhusela izifo kunye nezicubu zentloko kunye namalungu ase entanyeni. Kwii-lymph nodes ziveliswa i-lymphocytes (amangqamuzana egazi ezimhlophe, awona mkhuseli okhuselekileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zezifo, izigulana, i-microbes). Lo ngumkhosi wokhuseleko lwethu. Ezi zithuba zizithuba zokhuseleko ezikhusela ukungena kwezinto ezinobungozi ezinokuthi zijikeleze ngokubanzi ngegazi: kwiindawo ezidlulayo "ezazo" kwaye zichithe "abantu abangaziwayo", ngaloo ndlela zigcina izifo zabo. I-lymph nodes zifumaneka kwiinqanawa ze-lymphatic, amaqoqo angama-10 engxowankulu kufuphi nemithambo yegazi, ngokuqhelekileyo isondele kwimifuno emikhulu. Amaqela angama-150 e-lymph node ahlukeneyo emzimbeni womntu. Phakathi kwezona zifikeleleke kakhulu kwi-palpation kunye noviwo-entanyeni, kwi-nape, kwi-armpits, i-elbows kunye ne-knee folds, indawo ye-groin.
Isicwangciso soKhuselo
Kwi-lymphatic system, kukho "ukwahlukana kwezabasebenzi", ngoko ke i-lymph nodes ayifumanekanga ngokungaqhelekanga, kodwa ngokungathi kwimida yeengxaki. Ngokomzekelo, iifoni zilele emngceleni wesigxina se-nasopharyngeal kunye nesondlo sesisu. I-node ngayinye ifumana i-lymph kuphela kwalawo malungu apho izitya zelfini ezondla zivela khona. Kwi-lymphatic gland kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeempahla: iinqanawa ezingena kwiinki zibizwa ngokuba zizisa, umsebenzi wazo ukuhambisa i-lymph. Izitya ezishiya i-lymph node zinezinye iingxaki - ziguqula i-lymph. Ngaloo ndlela, i-lymphocytes inempahla ekhethekileyo: kwiindawo eziphazamisayo. Inkqubo yokukhusela i-lymph ine "abasebenzi" - thymus, okanye thymus gland. Eli lilungu elilawula umsebenzi we-lymph system. I-Thymus yenziwe ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe ezinye i-lymphoid formations, kwiveki yesi-5 yokukhulelwa. Itholakala emva kwecandelo eliphezulu le-sternum. Iiseli ezinamaqondo egazini ezenza ngethambo lomnkantso, ukungena kwi-thymus, ziphendulela zibe yi-T-lymphocytes engenazo iimpawu. Ezi iiseli, kunye ne-B-lymphocytes kwi-lymph nodes, "ukuhlaselwa" kwamalungu angaphandle angaphandle. I-T-cell ihamba ngomzimba kunye ne-lymph. Sekusebuntwaneni, i-thymus iqala "ukumisa," kwaye ijika ibe yinyama ye-adipose ngexesha liba lidala. Xa uneminyaka yobudala, i-lymphoid iyakuthatyathwa ngamatye, yingakho abantu abadala bezama ukujamelana nezifo.
Ukuba i-lymph nodes zandisiwe
Indawo yokwenza i-lymph nodes kunye nokwanda kwawo kwenzelwa ukuthetha ngezifo zamalungu angamelwane. Ngoko, ngenxa yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, ukwanda kwimizimba ye-lymph nodes iyimpawu, kunye ne-angina kunye nokuvuvukala kweentlobo zomlomo, amaqhina entanyeni yanda. Umntu ofanelekileyo kuphela unokumisela ubungqina bentsholongwane okanye isifo ngobukhulu beempawu zeclimph. Kwimeko ephilileyo, i-lymph nodes ayinakucatshulwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo zivama kwindawo apho kukho ingozi ephuculayo kumzimba - isifo okanye isisu. Kodwa gcinani engqondweni ukuba inkotyi evuyiweyo entanyeni yendawo ingangqina malunga ne-ARVI, kunye nokubola kwezinyo, kwaye kwanokuba uvele ushushu. Mhlawumbi i-lymph node iya kubuya kwilizwe eliqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokungenelela, ngoko akukufanelekanga ukuseka izifo ezixakekayo ngokukhawuleza. Ngamanye amaxesha i-lymph node echazwe kakuhle yinto ehlukileyo yesiqhelo. Ngokomzekelo, kudlalwa ngabantu abanobunzima bomzimba obuphantsi. Kubantwana abancinci le nto ingaba yinto yokwakha. Nangona kunjalo, kwaziwa ukuba ukwanda okwenene kubukhulu besinye i-lymph node - ngaphezu kwe-2.5 cm - ngokuqhelekileyo kubonisa isifo esibi. Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kungenziwa kuphela ngugqirha emva kwenkqubo elandelayo yokuxilongwa: ukuqala ngeentambo ezincinane, besebenzisa i-ultrasound nedatha yokuhlola igazi. Ukuxilongwa, i-tomography yekhompyutheni ingasetyenziselwa, apho "iinqununu" ezincinci zitholakala - imifanekiso yeellim nodes kunye neendawo ezikufutshane zenkqubo ye-lymphatic. Ukuba i-lymph node iye yanda, ngoko akukho mzekelo kufuneka usebenzise iindlela zendoda: ukufudumala kweqanda, ukubandisa okanye ukutshisa, ukuya kubhabha okanye kwi-sauna kwaye usebenzise "umsele wamanzi lymphatic" ngefuthe lokupholisa. Iqhina liyathukuthela, kuba kukho ukulwa okusebenzayo kunye neenjini eziyingozi, zonke ezi zinto ziya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba usasaza isifo kumzimba.
Indawo egulayo
Ukongeza ukwandisa i-lymph node, kubalulekile ukunyamekela ubukho beentlungu ezibuhlungu. Kule meko, intlungu ibonisa ukuba i-lymph node ngokwayo ichaphazelekayo, kwaye ukungabi khona kwayo kukuba isifo sisendaweni ethile kufuphi nayo. Lo umehluko obalulekileyo. I-Lymphadenopathy yinkqubo yokukhulisa i-lymph node, ebonisa ukuba lesi sifo sisezintweni okanye kwiisisu ezikufutshane nale node. Ukuba enye i-lymph node igubungele, kubalulekile ukunyamekela ukuba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, nokuba i-node ikwandisa umthamo. Iinkqubo ezinjalo zivame ukuvela kwimvelaphi okanye emva kokusuleleka kwezifo. Ekupheleni kwenkqubo yokonyango, ama-nodes kufuneka ekugqibeleni abuyele ejwayelekile. Ukwanda kwenani leemfayibini kungabonisa isifo esibalulekileyo: i-viral, fungal okanye ibhakteria. Ngoxilongo oluchanekileyo kunye nenkqubo yokonyango, i-node kunye nexesha kufuneka iyancipha ngobukhulu. Enye into ebalulekileyo yokugonywa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukwandiswa kwe-lymph node yendawo kwenzeka emva kokugonywa kwe-diphtheria, i-pertussis kunye ne-tetanus (DTP). Kwaye, ngoogqirha, oogqirha babela i-hypersensitive response to some medications and substances, ezinokubangela ukwanda kwesikhashana kwi-lymph nodes. Ingcamango kaDarwin yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yayinempembelelo enjalo kwizenzululwazi ukuba yonke into emzimbeni womntu, engakhange ichazwe, yayithathwa njengento engamangalisa (ingqungquthela, i-echo yexesha elidlulileyo). Okokuqala, iisoni kunye ne-appendix zawela kulo mgca. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwakukholelwa ukuba banokunqunyulwa ngaphandle kwengozi kwimpilo, kwaye kungekhona nje kwimeko yokuvuvukala. Abanye oogqirha bancoma ukuba basuswe "kwangaphambili" ukuze bangabi neengxaki xa bevutha. Ngoku oogqirha behlabathi lonke baye bafikelela kwizigqibo ezifanayo: abantu abaneentsholongwane okanye i-appendicitis abasengozini yezifo ezinzulu. Iimonyile - kuphela i-lymph nodes entanyeni nasentloko, kwaye uyinqumle-kuthetha ukunqumla inxalenye yesistim somzimba, kungekhona nje kuphela indlela yokuphefumula, kodwa nokuva, umbono, ingqondo. Uphando olunzulu lomsebenzi weetoni lukhokelela ekufunyaneni okuqaqambileyo: kwavela ukuba luhlobo lwe-laboratory ye-immune. Kwaye iifoni zivalele nje ukusuleleka, izilwanyana ezinokuthi zivela kuthi ngaphandle, ukusuka emoyeni okanye ekudleni, kodwa nakubangaphakathi - kukho ukukhusela okukhuselekileyo malunga nokuguquka komhlaza. Ingongoma kukuba uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-B-limfocytes, oluxanduva lokhuseleko lwephepha lokuphefumula kunye nenxalenye ephezulu yendlela yokutya, ikhula apha. I-tractes tract is channel apho ukuhamba kwezinto zangaphandle zihamba rhoqo.
Nantsi le meko emathunjini kwaye "evelele" amagumbi e-lymphoid, enye yezona zinto zinamandla kakhulu - kwisihlomelo. Kuloluhlu lwengxondorha yodonga olongezelelweyo, iintlobo ezininzi ze-lymphatic ezikhusela intumbu zifunyenwe, zombini ezisuleleke kwizifo ezithathelwanayo kunye nezifo eziphilayo. Ngenxa yesininzi samathambo e-lymphoid, isithasiselo ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa "intestinal amygdala". Isihlomelo siya "sithintela" iindiza ezizama ukuphindaphinda emathumbu. Ngaphakathi kwesihlomelo kukho rhoqo isisombululo sentonga, evelisa i-immunoglobulins kunye nama-mucins angaphinda agqithise amathumbu ukuba i-dysbacteriosis ivela. Kwakhona kukho ingqungquthela isithasiselo esikhuselayo malunga nezifo kunye nezitho zentsimbi. Ngako oko, isihlomelo sisuswa kuphela kwimeko apho ukuvuvukala kwayo kwenzeka. Ukuba i-lymph node ayilwanga nje kodwa ibuhlungu, le meko ibizwa ngokuthi "lymphadenitis." Kuye kwenzeka nakwiintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo zegciwane okanye i-virus. Kodwa umahluko kukuba i-antibodies kwi-node ayisakwazi ukujamelana nokusuleleka kwaye mhlawumbi ukuxhaswa. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukugweba kuphela ngovakalelo olubuhlungu ngengozi yesi sifo. Ngokomzekelo, ebuntwaneni nasebuntwaneni, i-mononucleosis echaphazelekayo iyaxhaphaka, kwaye kubantu abadala - i-rheumatoid arthritis. Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo yokuxilongwa akuyona kuphela indawo kunye nobukhulu be-node, kodwa nobuninzi bayo. Xa kuninzi kunamaqhina, ugqirha ugqirha. Musa ukucinga ukuba oku nje "wen". Ugqirha kuphela onokwenza uxilongwe apho umgangatho wobomi bakho uxhomekeke khona.