Elinye lamatye anqabileyo yiparele, ekhishwe kwiibhokhwe zezinye iifolkki ezenza umama we pearl. Igama elithi umama-we-pearl lithatha kuyo. I-Perlmutter "unina wamaparele". Ngenxa ye-ingress yenkalo yangaphandle (i-sown of grains, etc.) kwi-shell ye mollusc, iiparele. Kuloo nto, ukuqala kweediphozithi zeeparlecent layers ziqala. Iiparele azigcini nje ngokumbiwa, kodwa zikhulile kwizinga lemveliso (ikakhulukazi eJapan). Ukulima kwamaparele, ukuhlaba kweebhokhwe ezixinzelelweyo kufakwa ngaphakathi kwe-mollusks, ngoko i-mollusks ibuyela emanzini. Ukulungelelaniswa kweeparele zeeparele zikhishwe kwi-shellyi emva kwexesha elithile. Ekubeni ukukhutshwa kweeparele zendalo kuye kwacinywa ukususela ngo-1952, kwiimeko ezininzi namhlanje kufuneka ijongane neeparele ezicwangcisiweyo okanye izinto zokwenziwa. Indlela yokwahlula iiparele zinyani ezivela kumangqina?
Unokuvavanya iiparele zangempela ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
Ubukhulu:
kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-shellfish. Ikhulu ngobukhulu, ixabiso layo libiza kakhulu. I-pearl enkulu kakhulu enesisindo esingu-6 kg, ubude obungama-24 cm kunye nobubanzi be-14 cm - eyaziwa njengeparele lika-Allah (okanye-iparele yaseLo Lao Tzu).
Ifomu:
iiparele zendalo zinemilo eyahlukileyo. Ifomu efanelekileyo ifom. Ikwaba ngamaparele kwaye aphethiweyo, ebizwa ngokuthi "baroque".
Shine:
kuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka. Iparele yebusika inemiqolo emininzi yowama-pearl, i-pearl yehlobo iyancipha kunye ne-glitter encinane. Ukuphonononga iiparele, khanyisa kubaluleke kakhulu: ukuqina komelele, kubaluleke kakhulu iparele.
Umbala:
Ngokuqhelekileyo mhlophe, ngamanye amaxesha kukho i-pinki kunye ne-ukhilimu, nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okomhlaza. Iiparele ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka zona zibiza kakhulu kwaye ziqabile.
KwiRashiya yakudala, umxube we-powder of ash, i-oak bark kunye ne-limestone yayisetyenziselwa ukupenda iiparele. Iingubo ze-Woolen zazisetyenziselwa ukugqiba ukuphosa.
Iiparele ezicwangcisiweyo
Phantse iminyaka engamawaka amabini edlulileyo, amaTshayina aqala ukusebenzisa indlela yokufumana iiparele ezicwangcisiweyo. Ukufumana iiparele ezinjalo, babeka izinto ezincinci ngaphakathi kwegobolondo kunye ne-mollusc. Emva kokungena kwigobolondo yale nto encinci, inkqubo yokuqulunqwa kweperile yaqala: i-mollusc yavala le nto ngefilimu encinci yowama-pearl, ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Emva kokuba iqula lifakwe kwiibhasikiti ze-wicker, kwaye iibhasiki zanciphisa emanzini ixesha elithile (ukususela kwiinyanga eziliqela ukuya kwiminyaka emininzi).
Kukholelwa ukuba umkhiqizo omkhulu weeparele ezikhuhliweyo zaqalwa yiJapan Kokichi Mikimoto. Ngowe-1893 wakwazi ukufumana iiparele ezikhulile ngendlela yokufakelwa. Ukufumana iparele yeCociti, i-Mikimoto isebenzisa indlela yaseTshayina yamandulo, kodwa kunokuba nayiphi na into encinci ibekwe ngaphakathi kwegobolondo, iilwimi zamatye zazisetyenziswa. Iiparele ezinjalo neengcali zinzima ukuhlula kwizinto zemveli.
Izindlela zokufumana i-synthetic (artificial) iiparele
Ukongeza kwiiparele ezikhuhliweyo, ihlabathi liveliswa ngokubanzi ngamaparele. Zininzi iindlela zokufumana iparele elilolo. Enye yezindlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo kukuveliswa kweengqungquthela ezingenanto, ezincinci zeglasi. Ngaphantsi kweengcinezelo, iiparele zitshintshelwe kwezi bhola, ngokuqhelekileyo ezinye izalathisi zisetyenziswa. Iiparele ezikhohlakeleyo zihluke kwisisindo sangempela (esona sinyanisile) kunye nokucutha kwayo. Kwakhona, iibhola zeeklasi zinye ziveliswa. Zihlanganiswe ngombala (efana nomama-pearl) kunye nokulungisa umbala nge-varnish.
Ngenxa yophuhliso olomeleleyo lweendlela zokwenza iingubo "phantsi kweeparele zendalo" kunzima nakwiingcali ezimbalwa ukuba zihlukanise iiparele zendalo kunye neendlela ezikhethekileyo.
Ukwahluke phakathi kwala maparele
Iindlela ozahlula ngazo kwiiparele zendalo zohlukwano zihlukaniswe ngamaqela amabini: "abantu" kunye "nezesayensi".
Izindlela ezidumeleyo:
- Enye yeendlela ezilula ukuhlukanisa iiparele zendalo ezivela kwintsebenziswano (yokufakelwa) ukubamba iparele kwizinyo. I-pearl yangempela iya kukhangela ngexesha elifanayo.
- Ukuba i-pearl yangempela iphoswe kwindawo eqinile ukusuka kwindawo ephakamileyo encinci, ngoko ngenxa yokunyamezela kwayo iya kugxuma njengebhola yetafile ye-tennis (ping-pong). Izinto zokufakelwa (ipake) iiparele ezingenayo le propati.
- Kwakhona, ungathatha iphepha lekhadibhodi, unqume umgodi kulo mncinci ngaphezu kweparele ehlolwayo. Beka iparele kulo mgodi uze ulethe iphepha lekhadibhodi kumthombo wokukhanya. Iparele ekhusweyo ibona umgca okhanyayo we-mother-of-pearl kunye nucleus yembewu emnyama.
- Ukubeka iparele ekhusweyo kwintsimi ye-electromagnetic, iya kujika kwaye ithathe indawo ethile, ngelixa i-pearl yangempela ayiyi kuhamba.
- Kukho uluvo lokuba ngemibala ye-ultraviolet ikhuphe iiparele ezikhanyayo, kunye ne-blue-present.
- Ukufumana iiparele ezikhohlisayo zingaba, emva kokuhlola nge-10-fold fold magnifier hole (ikhona na) kunye nokufumanisa ukuhlukana phakathi kobunzulu kunye nobunqamle bomhlaba ngendlela yoqhekeko omnyama, omnyama. Uya kuqonda ukuba uneeparele ezicwangcisiweyo phambi kwakho. Ukuqwalasela umgobo kwiiparele ezikhushulayo kubonakala kubonakala, ngenxa yokuba ilula kunendalo.
Iindlela zenzululwazi:
- Umfanekiso we-X-ray weeparele ezikhusweyo zibonisa ngokucacileyo ibhanti phakathi kwendawo engundoqo kunye noqwelo olukhulileyo. Ukuba akukho nucleus, ke kukho umda phakathi kwiparele. Phantse isiqhelo esifanayo sisebenzisa indlela yokwenza i-radiography.
- Xa zibhaptizwa kumanzi, ubuninzi bee-2.7, iiparele zendalo aziyi kucima, ngokungafani nobuxoki.
- Iiparele ezizaliswe kwaye zinyani phantsi kwe-microscope zibona ubuso be-scaly, kwimeko yefake, kwindawo epholileyo.