Iifom zexabiso
Ekubeni i-asthma isifo esihamba ngomoya, inhalation yindlela efanelekileyo yokuhambisa isilwanyana kwindawo eya kuyo. Kukho imithi emininzi yomlomo esetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo se-asthma, kodwa nangona kunjalo iifom zokhalala zibeka isiseko sonyango. Indlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokucwangcisa ithathwa njengonyango, isekelwe kwisabelo somguli kwisigaba esithile ngokwezinga elikhulayo okanye elinciphisa ubunzima besigaba sesi sifo kunye nokuqeshwa kwamanyathelo afanelekileyo. Iintlobo zemveliso yeyeza kunye neendlela zokusetyenziswa kwazo ziquka:
■ i-bronchodilator (bronchodilator) - ngesicelo;
■ i-bronchodilator enxulumene nokulungiswa okulula ukukhusela ukuhlaselwa (cromoglycate sodium okanye umthamo omncinci wesiyobisi se-steroid); Kwi-bronchodilator ngokudibanisa nokulungiswa okulula ukuthintelwa kokuthintela kunye ne-bronchodilator enokuhlala ixesha elide; i-bronchodilator inxulumene nomlinganiselo ophezulu weziyobisi ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuthintela kunye ne-bronchodilator ende. Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezahlukileyo, injongo yalo kukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kweliyeza ngokubanzi kwindawo yokusebenza kwayo kwi-airways.
Ukungena kwi-inhaler
Xa i-inhaler ye-metered-dose isetyenzisiwe, umthamo othile weziyobisi ungena emzimbeni ngendlela ye-aerosol. Iingxaki eziphambili zale ndlela ziyimpembelelo yesilwanyana kwimisipha yomqala yengqondo kunye nobunzima bokuququzelela ukukhubaza nokusebenza kwe-inhaler. Ngokuncediswa kwe-inhaler ye-metered kunye ne-spacer edibene nayo, iyeza linikezelwa kwigumbi elikhethekileyo apho linyanzeliswa ngomlomo kunye ne-valve, kunye nakwizixhobo zabantwana abancinci-ngokusebenzisa umfaki-sicelo wesibhakabhaka. Ngaloo ndlela, ingxaki yokulungelelaniswa nokuphefumululwa isisombululo, esenza le ndlela yokuhambisa izidakamizwa efanelekileyo kwisicelo nangempumelelo. Kukho ne-powder inhalers ezinikezela ngokuchithwa ngokuthe ngqo kwilisi ngokusebenzisa i-membrane ye-mucous ye-respiratory tract. Zijoliswe ekusebenziseni abantwana abaneminyaka esikolweni kunye neqela elidala.
Nebulizer
Ama-nebulizers ajika iyeza eliseli-aerosol phantsi kwefuthe lomoya ocinezelweyo okanye oksijini. Zikulungele ukujongana kwaye zenzelwe, okokuqala, ukulungiselela unyango olungxamisekileyo lwe-asthma ye-bronchial kwisibhedlele nakwiofisi jikelele. Kwiindawo ezininzi ezihlaselwa yi-asthma, i-injection injection ye-bronchodilator iyimfuneko yokwandisa i-airways. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-aminophylline isetyenziswe kule meko, nangona ezinye iiphando zincoma ukusebenzisa i-salbutamol. Ukuba imeko yesigulane esinokuhlasela kakubi kwesifo se-asthma ayiphuculanga, nangona unyango ophezulu, ingavunyelwa ukuphuza umoya. Kwizigulane ezinempawu ezinzima kakhulu kubalulekile ukuba ungabandakanyi i-pneumothorax (ukuwa kwempompo ngenxa yokunyuka komoya kwisigxina somsindo) ngokuqhuba i-X-ray esifubeni. Izigulane ezincinci ezineempilweni ezisongela ubomi kufuneka ziphathwe kwinqanaba lokunyamekela abantwana. Zininzi iintlobo zamachiza ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-asthma. I-bronchodilators inikezela ukukhululeka kweempawu ngokuziphucula izihlunu ezigugile, iphepheni yokuphefumula; I-Corticosteroids inqanda ukukhawuleza, ukunqanda ukuvuvukala. Ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kwe-asthmatic, ukusebenzisana okunzima kunokwenzeka kwiqondo leselula. Indima ephambili ekuphuhlisweni kwesifo idlalwa luhlobo oluthile lwe-leukocyte - T-lymphocytes. Ukukhuthazwa kwezi iiseli kubangela ukukhululwa kweeprotheni ezikhethekileyo-i-cytokines, ezenza ezinye iiseli, zikhethe i-eosinophil. Le ndlela yimbangela ebalulekileyo yokuhamba ngokungahambisani nomoya kwi-asthma. Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kweeseli zesitrasi, okubangele ukukhululwa kweekhemikhali ezifana ne-histamine, ebangela ukuvuvukala kwendlela yokuphefumula.
Ukuphumla kwemisipha epholileyo ye-bronchi
Ukuqhekeka kwemisipha epholileyo yendlela yokuphefumula ilawulwa yi-receptors kwiimbrane zeeseli zamascle; ebalulekileyo kunazo zonke (i-adrenergic ne-acetylcholine receptors) .Ukuvuselela (kwi-receptors kukhokelela ekuphumuleni kwemizimba, kanti umphumo kwi-acetylcholine receptors kubangela ukunciphisa kwabo.) Izidakamizwa ezikhuthaza (32-receptors (p2-agonists) okanye ukuvimbela i-acetylcholine receptors (abaphikisana ne-acetylcholine), banomphumela wokuphumla kwiisisu zomzimba wephefumula, ngaloo ndlela kususa iimpawu ze-asthma. Okubaluleke kakhulu kunyango lwe-asthma (bronchial asthma) (32-agonists, umzekelo, i-salbutamol.
Ukunciphisa inkqubo yokuvuvukala
Ukuxazulula ingxaki yokuhlaselwa kwe-asthmatic, akwanele nje ukuphucula izihlunu ezihamba kakuhle ze-bronchi, ekubeni i-lumen ye-airway iya kuhlala igxininiswe ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwimbumba. I-Corticosteroids ithintela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zamaselula ezichaphazelekayo kwisifo se-asthma, okubangelwa ukuxothwa kwempendulo yokuvuvukala. Ezi zi yobisi ziyakhusela, kwaye kungekhona ukuyeka ukuwayeka, umphumo uqhubeka ngeeyure ezimbalwa, ngoko ke kufuneka zithathwe rhoqo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziziphi iimpawu. Akunakuqinisekiswa ngokucacileyo ukuba ukugcinwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwenkqubo efanelekileyo kunokuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwesifo se-asthma kubantu abathandekayo. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa iimpawu zesifo esivele siphuhlisiwe, ukuba sinciphisa umphumo wezinto ezilandelayo zendalo.
Uthuli lwasekhaya
Iikitikithi ezihlala ngothuli lomhlaba akungabazeki ukuba yinto ebalulekileyo yengozi yokuqala kweempawu kubantwana abaninzi. Enyanisweni, kunzima ukunciphisa umthamo we-dusty inhaled, nangona kunjalo, intsapho ye-asthmatic isinconywa ukususa iipatethi kunye neetyski ezithambileyo ezisuka kwindawo yokuhlala, kunye nokuqhuba ukucoca kwamanzi imihla ngemihla.
Ukutshaya
Umsi wesigare kwiindawo eziphezulu ziqulethe iikhemikhali ezicaphukisa indlela yokuphefumula. Uphando lwezenzululwazi lubonisa ukudibanisa phakathi kokutshaya kwabazali kunye nokwanda kwexesha lokuxhamla kubantwana babo.
Izilwanyana zivunyelwe
Abanye abantwana abane-asthma baxhalabele kakhulu kumacandelo ezintlu zezilwanyana ezifuywayo, ngakumbi iikati kunye nezinja. Nangona kunjalo, ukulahla isilwanyana kungabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu kwaye kuyakufuna ingxoxo enengqiqo kodwa ekholisayo nomntwana.
Imveliso yokutya
Kukho iintlobo ezithile zokutya ezinokubangela ukuhlasela kwesifuba.