I-Biography ka-Anna Pavlova

Ubomi bakhe nomsebenzi waphefumlelwa kwaye banandipha abantu abaninzi. Amawaka amantombazana amancinci, ekhangele u-Anna Pavlova waqala ukuphupha ibhalti kunye nesigaba, ephupha okungenani ikhulu le-talente yakhe. Kwaye izigidi zabantu, zijonge umdaniso wakhe, zikhohliwe, kuphela imizuzu embalwa, malunga neengxaki kunye neengxakini, zonwabela ububele, ubuhle kunye nobabalo lwe-ballerina enkulu. Ngethamsanqa, ividyuntshana zevidiyo zenzeke kuye, kwaye isizukulwana sangoku siyakwazi ukujoyina size siphathwe ngesipho esinqabileyo "se-ballet yaseRashiya".
Nangona kunjalo, ubomi bakhe bebengelula kwaye kulula. I-biografi yakhe isenokuba neendawo ezininzi ezimhlophe, kodwa enye into ecacileyo: udumo lwakhe nodumo luyimiphumo yokuphikelela, ubunzima obunzima, ubunzima bezentsimbi kunye nokuphikelela okungapheliyo.

Ubuntwana kunye nephupha
U-Anna Pavlova wazalelwa ngoJanuwari 31, 1881 endaweni yaseSt. Petersburg kwintsapho yelijoni kunye nomfazi wesifazane. Uyise wakhe uMatvey Pavlov wafa xa le ntombazana ineminyaka emi-2 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba wadibana nomama wekamva elide sele sele ekhulelwe nguAna. Kwakukho amahemuhemu ukuba uyise oyinyaniso kaPavlova wayengumphefumlo owaziwayo u-Lazar Polyakov, owayengumyeni wakhe. Kodwa kakade akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa okanye ukuphika le ngcaciso. Ukhohlo wedwa kunye nonina, uLyubov Fedorovna Polyakova, baqala ukuhlala eLigovo ngaseSt. Petersburg.

Intsapho yayiphila kakhulu, kodwa umama wayezama ukusikholisa indodakazi yakhe ngezipho kunye nezinto ezilula zobumnandi. Ngoko, xa intombazana yayineminyaka eyi-8 ubudala, unina wayiyisa kuMaryinsky Theatre ngokokuqala ngqa. Ngaloo mini, umdlalo othi "Ukulala Ubuhle" wawusesikweni. Kwisenzo sesibili, abatsha abancinci benza i-waltz enhle kwaye umama wabuza uAnya ukuba ufuna ukudansa ngendlela efanayo. Kuphi intombazana eyaphendula ngokuthe ngqo ukuba ayikho, ufuna ukudansa, njengebhola le-ballerina elidlala i-Sleeping Beauty.

Ukususela ngaloo mini, i-prima yexesha elizayo yayingacingi into eyahlukileyo yona, ngaphandle kokuba ilandele njani ubomi bakhe kwibhaltshi. Wathintela unina ukuba amthumele kwisikolo se-ballet. Nangona kunjalo, le ntombazana yayingathatyathwa ngokukhawuleza, ekubeni yayingakabi yiminyaka eli-10 ubudala. Ngeli xesha, iphupha lokuba yi-ballerina ayizange ilahleke, kodwa yomelezwa. Kwaye emva kweminyaka embalwa, u-Anya Pavlov wamukelwa kwiSikolo se-Imperial Ballet.

Isifundo esikolweni esikolweni
Ulungiso kwiSikolo se-Imperial saseBallet sasifana ne-monastic. Nangona kunjalo, bafundisa apha ngokugqibeleleyo, yilapho ubuchule be-classic ballet yaseRussia bugcinwe.

U-Anna Pavlova akazange ahlupheke ngokuqeqeshwa ngokuqinileyo kunye ne-charter yesikolo, kuba wayezimelele ngokupheleleyo kwizifundo kwaye zonke zizinikele kwizifundo ekufundeni nasekusebenziseni i-ballet. Okumnxeba ngakumbi, njengoko kwakubonakala ngathi, ukungapheleli kwakhe kwindiza yomzimba. Inyaniso kukuba ngaloo nto imantombazana yezemidlalo, eneempawu ezinamandla kunye nezihlunu, zazibhekwa njengomgangatho we-ballerina, kuba kwakulula kubo ukwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobuchule kunye ne-pirouettes. Kwaye u-Anna wayenomzimba omncinci, obunqabileyo, obuhle, ecaleni "obala" kwaye ngenxa yoko akazange acingwe njengomfundi othembisayo. Nangona kunjalo, ootitshala bakhe bathatha ixesha kuye ukuze babone oko kwamshukumisela ukuba avele phakathi kwabanye abadansa: iplastiki kunye nokumnandi, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu - ukukwazi ukucinga kwakhona kunye "nokuvuselela" iimvakalelo neemvakalelo zala ma heroines ayenzayo. "Ukuqhaqhayisa" kwakhe, ukuhlukana kunye nokukhulula kugcwalise umdaniso kunye nobuhle obungavamile kunye nemfihlelo. Ngoko, "ukungabikho" kwakhe kuye kwaba sithunzi esingenakuphikwa.

Mariinsky Theater kunye nempumelelo
Ngowe-1899, u-Anna Pavlova waphumelela kwisikolo se-ballet waza wamukelwa kwangoko kwi-Theater yaseMariinsky. Ekuqaleni wayenelisekile ngeendima zesibini. Kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe, ngenxa yesimo sakhe esingavamile, sengqondo kunye nesokomoya somdaniso, abaphulaphuli baqala ukulibethela phakathi kwamanye ama-artists. Waqala ukunika indima ebalulekileyo nangaphezulu, okokuqala wenza isahlulo sesibini, kwaye sele sele ehambile kwiindima zokuqala.

Ngomnyaka we-1902, ukudansa kwakhe "eLa Bayadere" kubakhuthaza bobabini ababukeli kunye neengcali. Kwaye ngo-1903 iPapvelova yabonakala kuqala kwisigaba seBolshoi Theatre. Ukususela kulo mzuzwana uqala ukunqoba kwawo kwiRashiya. Kukho imizekelo ye "Nutcracker", "IHatpbacked Horse", "Raymonda", "Giselle", apho iPavlova yenza amaqela ahamba phambili.

Inxaxheba ekhethekileyo kwimisebenzi yakhe yokudansa yadlala ngumqhubi wezokhetho uMikhail Fokin. Ngombulelo kwimanyano yabo yokudala, umdaniso omangalisayo ongaqhelekanga wazalwa - ukuveliswa kwe "Swan" kumculo kaSaint-Saens. Ingcamango yalo mzuzu we-2 izalwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye umdaniso ngokwawo wawuyi-improvisation epheleleyo. Kodwa wabulawa ngokuchukumisayo, eqaqambileyo kwaye enomdla kangangokuthi wawayisa iintliziyo zababukeli ngenye indlela, kamva wafumana igama elithi "iDying Swan", eyayiba yindoda yesithsaba kunye nekhadi lokutyelela lika-Anna Pavlova.

Umqambi uSaint-Saens ngokwakhe wavuma kamva ukuba ngaphambi kokuba akhangele umdaniso kaPavlova ngomculo wakhe, akazange akrokre ukuba yintoni umsebenzi omuhle awayewubumba.

Ukutyelela kunye neqela lakhe
Ukususela ngo-1909, uhambo lwehlabathi luka-Anna Pavlova luqala. Ukuthandwa kwehlabathi kunye nokwamukelwa kuye kuzisa iimveliso ze "Russian Seasons" nguSergei Diaglev kwisikhululo saseFransi. Nangona kunjalo, unqwenela inkululeko yokudala kunye namaphupha okudala yakhe ibutho. Kwaye ngo-1910 washiya i-Mariinsky Theatre waza waqala ukutyelela yedwa kunye ne-ballet yakhe. Ijografi yeentetho zakhe zifihla phantse ihlabathi lonke: iYurophu, iMelika, iAsia, eMpuma Ekude. Kwaye naphi na apho aye khona, abaphulaphuli bamkela njengenkwenkwezi yehlabathi eqaqambileyo. U-Pavlova wanikela ngemisebenzi emininzi ngemini, ebeka zonke iingoma zakhe zibe yimisebenzi kwaye engayeki nenceba kwimpilo yakhe, awayenayo ukususela ebuntwaneni kwaye yayingenamandla ngakumbi. Kwixesha elingaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 leetyeksi ezigxibileyo, wadlala ngaphezu kwama-8 ama-performances. Bathi ngaloo nyaka kwakufuneka agqoke amaqela angamawaka ambalwa.

UAna Pavlova kunye noVictor Dendre
Ubomi bomntu siqu ka-Anna Pavlova bebufihliwe ngokusesikweni ekuboneni amehlo. I-ballerina yena ngokwakhe wathi intsapho yakhe yindawo yokuzonwabisa kunye ne-ballet, kwaye ngoko ke, ukuvuyela okwesibini kwabesifazane, njengendoda kunye nabantwana, akunjalo. Nangona kunjalo, nangona wayengasemthethweni emva komyeni wakhe, indoda yakhe entliziyweni yayihlala nayo.

UVictor Dendre ungumyingisi waseRussia kunye nosomashishini kunye neengcambu zaseFransi. Ukusebenzisana kwabo kunye nePavlova kwakungekho lula, bahlukana, kwakhona baphinde baguquke. Ngomnyaka we-1910, uDendre wabanjwa waza watshutshiswa. UAna Pavlova wanikela ngemali eninzi ukuze ahlangule intanda yakhe. Bathi kwakufuneka ukuqokelela imali efunekayo yokukhululwa kwakhe, akazange azigcinele kwaye wadlala ekugqibeleni iminyaka eyi-9-10 ngeveki, ukutyelela ihlabathi.

UVictor Dendre waba nendima, uthetha ngolwimi lwangoku, umlimi u-Anna Pavlova. Ukulungelelanisa uhambo lwakhe, udibaniso lweenkomfa kunye neeseshoni zesithombe. Bathenga indlu kwindawo yaseLondon, kunye namachibi amakhulu kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ama-swans amhlophe, apho bahlala kunye no-Anna.

Kodwa nguDendra owaqulunqa ishedyuli exakeke kwaye elayishiwe yeentsebenzo zokudlala kwabadlali bee-ballet, ezama ukucima yonke into esuka kuye, engabandakali uAna ngokwakhe, okanye impilo yakhe. Mhlawumbi yilokho eyadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufeni kwakhe ngokungenangqondo.

U-Anna Pavlova wasweleka ngoJanuwari 23, 1931, evela kwipineumonia, engazange aphile ngeveki ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe kwemihlanu. Ngexesha lokutyelela eNetherlands kwisitimela, apho u-Anna wayehamba kunye neqela, kwaphulwa. UPavlova washiya imoto ngokukhawuleza eneempuphu zeegusha eziphonswe phezu kwamagxa akhe. Kwaye emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa wagula nge-pneumonia. Bathi xa befa, amagama akhe okugqibela athi "Ndizise isambatho sami se-Swan" - nangona ekufeni kwakhe, waqhubeka ecinga nge-ballet.